《限制性定语从句》PPT课件.ppt

Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause,2019年6月12日星期三,2,Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句复习,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。引导英语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why。,2019年6月12日星期三,3,定语从句后置,The day came at last when I went to college. He laughs best who laughs last. He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.,2019年6月12日星期三,4,定语从句复习,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,2019年6月12日星期三,5,限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略,引导词： 关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,2019年6月12日星期三,6,限制性定语从句的构成,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.,关系代词 关系副词,注意事项: 1.从句的位置: 2.翻译方法: 3.构成：,先行词 之后,“.的”,关系词,2019年6月12日星期三,7,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,先行词和关系词的关系,2019年6月12日星期三,8,先行词和关系词的关系,A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,2019年6月12日星期三,9,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,关系代词,2019年6月12日星期三,10,二、关系词的用法：,（一）关系代词的用法：,1、作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.,2、作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?,注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。,2019年6月12日星期三,11,3、作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.,4、作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。例如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.,注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name),2019年6月12日星期三,12,难点一: whose,The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose =the students,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,2019年6月12日星期三,13,难点一: whose,The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,Join the following pair of sentences.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,2019年6月12日星期三,14,难点二:as,1. 引导限定性定语从句，指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词 Dont talk about such things as you dont understand. Were facing the same problems as we did years ago.,2019年6月12日星期三,15,It is as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. 比较：Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）,2019年6月12日星期三,16,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,.He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.,2019年6月12日星期三,17,关系副词的用法,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,when,时间,状语,否,where,地点,状语,否,why,原因,状语,否,关系副词,2019年6月12日星期三,18,（二）关系副词的用法：,1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.,2019年6月12日星期三,19,（二）关系副词的用法：,2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday.,2019年6月12日星期三,20,（二）关系副词的用法：,3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。例如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.,2019年6月12日星期三,21,(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.,2019年6月12日星期三,22,(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,2、当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.,2019年6月12日星期三,23,(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,温馨提示： when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。,2019年6月12日星期三,24,注意:关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,2019年6月12日星期三,25,1)当先行词是不定代词时,如: All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等,2)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时,3)当人和物合做先行词时,总结:只能用that 做关系代词的情况,2019年6月12日星期三,26,4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,5) 在疑问词who、which、what 开头的句子中,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,2019年6月12日星期三,27,1. 根据先行词来确定 This is the pot in which I boiled the milk. This is the pot (which / that) I boiled the milk in. Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting),介词的确定方法：,介词 + which / whom,2019年6月12日星期三,28,1979 was the year in which my son was born. (= when) This is the place in which I grew up. (= where) Thats the reason for which he dislikes me. (= why),2019年6月12日星期三,29,The person to whom I complained is the manager. The person (who / whom / that) I complained to is the manager. The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of),2. 根据从句中的谓语 动词或形容词来确定,2019年6月12日星期三,30,3. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定,Water, without which man cant live, is really important.,4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定 词组时，介词不能前置 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.,2019年6月12日星期三,31,介词 + which / whose + n.,I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter. He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.,2019年6月12日星期三,32,名词 + of + which / whom,This is the lady the son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son) These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan. The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday.,2019年6月12日星期三,33,代词 + of + which / whom,用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。 这些代词包括：many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neither,The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. There are a lot of books, none of which is mine.,2019年6月12日星期三,34,The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well. The money, all of which has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance. The foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.,2019年6月12日星期三,35,数词 + of + which / whom,I bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels. In our factory there are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women.,2019年6月12日星期三,36,形容词最高级+ of + which / whom,There are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan. She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.,2019年6月12日星期三,37,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,2019年6月12日星期三,38,1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that , which ,whose, whom or who?,2019年6月12日星期三,39,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ has the money can join the group. 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,that , which ,whose, whom or who?,2019年6月12日星期三,40,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,介词+关系代词练习,2019年6月12日星期三,41,几点注意事项,1. the way 表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况 Can you tell me the way (that) you solve the problem. Can you tell me the way in which you solve the problem.,2019年6月12日星期三,42,2. 定语从句中的谓语动词 要与先行词保持一致,He is one of the students who have been abroad. He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.,2019年6月12日星期三,43,3. 先行词是时间时，并非都用when 引导的从句来修饰。试比较：,Do you still remember the days when there was no electricity? Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent together?,2019年6月12日星期三,44,The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum. The place (which / that) I visited last week is in Hong Kong.,4. 先行词是地点时，并非都用where 引导的从句来修饰。试比较：,2019年6月12日星期三,45,5. 先行词是the reason时，并非都用 why 引导的从句来修饰。试比较：,Thats the reason why he was late. Thats the reason (which) he gave me.,I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom,2019年6月12日星期三,46,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。考查介词+关系代词,2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. which B. it C. she D. he,2019年6月12日星期三,47,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此句不是考试定语从句，而是一个并列句。and连接两个句子。it指代前一句的内容。,If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where,2019年6月12日星期三,48,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。先行词chairs在定语从句中作状语，用where。,-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. sh