高考英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

英语阅读理解 解题技巧 欧阳全发,阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,安徽2015考纲要求考生能读懂有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书报杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章,并能从中获取相关的信息。 1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中具体信息 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 做出简单判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图观点和态度,高考阅读技能考察,一：事实细节型,事实细节题干扰项的特点与概括,事实细节题解题方法,1. 抓住问题中的关键词，迅速回到原文中找到这一细节 2.把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给选项核对，分析，判断，得出答案,原文定位法,（一）细节推理题,解题方法：,1.通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细 节, 五个W(when, where, Who, which)和一个H(how)以及其他特殊之处； 数字、日期、时间等； 同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等； 表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, whats more, in addition to, including to, as well as等。 倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。,2.选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,Passage1 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,练习,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解释,文章,【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275 【解析】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。,文章,二：词义猜测型,同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,定义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,a. 定义法,It will be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。,b. 同位法,They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。,c. 对比法,She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage2: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).,第四节,解 释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。,本题答案选C,三：推理判断型,推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?,4. What is the tone (语气) of the author ? 5. What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? 6. The passage is intended to _. 7. Where would this passage most probably appear?,Passage3 The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise.,练习题,Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.,文章,解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。,文章,四:主旨大意题,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：,主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(主题思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)拟题。 1看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。 2以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。,主旨大意题,干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。,干扰项 可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) : 据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,Passage 4 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.,练习题,Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出