雅思语法之定语从句.ppt

定语从句,什么是定语？ 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或 句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句. Eg: a blue sea a handsome boy He gave me a basket full of eggs. Lets go somewhere quiet.,定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。 The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. He is the man whom I saw yesterday. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。 关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。 引导定语从句的关系词，一定要在从句中充当成分。 关系词分关系代词和关系副词,一、关系代词,关系代词：who, whom, that，which, whose。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 1）指人： who, whom, that Eg：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在从句中作宾语）,一、关系代词,2）指物： that，which,Eg：This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. （which / that在句中作主语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. （which / that在句中作宾语）,一、关系代词,3）指人或物：whose =sbs/sths (只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换） Eg: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,二、不用that的情况： 1.介词后禁用关系词that。 I heard of the man, about whom he talked. 2. 非限制性定语从句。 She was late again, which made me unhappy.,about that(X),that(X),定语从句使用中的特殊情况,一、只能用that的情况： 1. 先行词既有物又有人时。 He spoke of the persons and things that he had seen abroad. 2.先行词是something, anything, all, nothing等不定代词时。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all, the very, the only, the just修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen.,二、关系副词,关系副词：when，where，why（做状语）,1. when,先行词为时间名词 作时间状语 指时间,在从句中表示“在.时”、 =in/on.+which,3. why,先行词为reason 作原因状语 指原因,在从句中表示“因为.原因“ =for which,2. where,先行词为地点名词(situation, business, case, point, surroundings, environment, scene) 作地点状语 指地点,在从句中表示“在.地点 =in/on.+which,二、关系副词,I still remember the day. .,=when,(1),(2),on the day,I came here,=on which,我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。,(1)我仍然记得这天。 (2)在这天我来到这里。,关系副词：when,I still remember the day on which/when I came here.,This is the house . last year.,=in which = where,I lived,in the house,(1),(2),(1)就是这所房子。 (2)我去年在这所房子住过。,This is the house in which/where I lived last year.,关系副词：where,就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。,He gave a reason.,=for which =why,(1),(2),for the reason.,people like music,(1)他给了一个原因 (2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。,他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。,关系副词：why,He gave a reason for which/why people like music.,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 3,He lives in a lonely village. At the back of it is a hill.,He lives in a lovely village, at the back of _ is a hill.,He has three sisters. All of them are abroad.,He has three sisters, all of _ are abroad.,which,whom,Join the following sentences:,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,非限制性定语从句,非限定性定语从句的关系词：who, whom, whose, which, where, when, why,非限定性定语从句: 1)从形式上看：主从句之间用逗号隔开。 Eg:We all like the book, which was written by Lu Xun. 2)从内容上看：主从句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用。 Eg:Bush was elected president again, which made Jim very sad.,限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别: 限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。 Eg:This is the man who gave me the money, 非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。 Eg:Wang Dong,who is in the room, wants to ask you some questions, 另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。 In their class,there are f