口译第五章数字口译.ppt

Interpretation Skill: Figure Interpretation,数字口译,数字翻译是口译中的一大难关，数字之所以难译，其中一个主要原因在于英语和汉语对于四位数以上的数字的表达，有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字以每三位数为一段位，而汉语则以每四位数为一段位。,汉语数字分段法：,英语数字分段法：,实践是训练数字互译的根本途径。口译教学要集中一段时间专门进行数字口译训练。译员只有经过大量反复的数字口译实践才能掌握英汉数字互译的不同特点和规律，达到数字互译脱口而出，快速、准确的程度。,Read the following Chinese figures in English, and write down the figures in Arabic figures: 六万 五十七万 四百七十六万 九百六十一万 五千九百三十三万 七百五十亿 十一亿七千五百万 三千五百三十八万五千 九亿三千六百七十七万七千,口译多位数的记录方法,1. “点三杠四”法 十五亿三千九百八十七万六千三百二十一 Step1:在笔记上记下：15亿3987万6321 Step 2:从右至左按英语记数方式三位一点：1,5亿39,87万6,321 , 即“点三” Step3:读出英文数字 one billion five hundred thirty nigh million eight hundred and seventy six thousand three hundred and twenty one,thirty six million seven hundred twenty-four thousand six hundred and thirty-one Step 1:在笔记上记下：36m724th631 Step 2:从右向左按汉语记数方式每四位一划：36m72/4th631 Step 3:读出汉语数字: 三千六百七十二万四千六百三十一,2. 填空/表格记录法 7 3 0 9 8 4 1 2 5 1 0 b m t 万 千 百 十 千 百 十 亿, 亿 万 万，万 万 千，百 十 个 2， 8 6 3， 5 8 9， 4 0 0,3. 分节号记录法（适用于英译中) 一个分节号“，”，表示“千” 两个分节号“，”，表示“百万” 一个分节号“，”，表示“十亿” Eg: four thousand two hundred 4,2 one billion three hundred and twenty million 1,320,多位整数的翻译,充分利用小数点，往 “t, m, b”上靠拢 Eg: 六百七十四万两千 6.742m 四十八万 0.48 m 两亿五千万 0.25b,倍数的翻译,倍数的增加 A is N times as large （ long ， heavy ） as B. A is N times larger （ longer ， heavier ） than B. A is larger （ longer ， heavier ） than B by N times.,double (增加1倍)，triple（增加2倍），quadruple（增加3倍）。,Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quadrupled, While the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold. 自本世纪中叶以来，全球经济增长了将近四倍，人口翻了一番。结果，粮食的需求增加了近两倍，石油燃料增加了近三倍。,中国城镇居民人均居住面积由 1978 年的 3.6 平方米提高到 1997 年的 8.8 平方米，增加了 1.4 倍。 The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times.,1997 年 , 全国高等学校在校生总数为 608 万人 , 其中研究生 18 万人 , 分别是 1979 年的 2.2 倍和 9.6 倍。 In 1997 ， 6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,000 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectively.,2. 倍数的减少 A is four times smaller than B Eg:该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一，开支减少了四分之一。 The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.,增 / 减的口译,增 / 减了 % increase/rise/grow/go up (by) % decrease/drop/fall/decline/sink/go down (by) % Eg: Between 1986 and 1987, Nike“s sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok. 与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果，从 1986 到 1987 年， 耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了 18% ，利润下降了 40% 多。,In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number between (the age of) 25 to 34 fell 28 percent. 在美国以农业为主要职业的人数 1997 下降到 961 ， 560 人，比 1992 下降了 8.7% ，而年龄在 25 到 34 岁的人数下降了 28% 。,2) 与 相比，增 / 减了 % increase/rise/grow /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / over decrease/drop/fall/go down by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to /over,Eg: As a result of Asian financial crises, China“s total volume of import and export in 1998 dropped by 0.4 percent over the previous year, of which the volume of import went down by 1.5 percent, and the value of export went up by 0.5 percent. 因受亚洲金融危机的冲击， 1998 年中国进出口总额比上年下降 0.4% ，其中进口总额下降 1.5% ；出口总额增长 0.5% 。,1999 年，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了 47.4% 。 University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 % percent over the previous year.,百分数、小数、分数的口译,4.35% four point three five percent 4.032 four point naught three two 1/2 one half; a half 2/3 two thirds 3/4 three quarters,模糊数字的口译,几个 some; a few; several; a number of 两、三个 two or three 十几个 more than ten; over a dozen; less/no more than twenty 几十个 dozens of 几十年 decades 十几岁 in one“s teens,四十出头 a little/a bit over forty 五十岁左右 more or less fifty (years old); about fifty (years old) 五点左右 around five o“clock 三天左右 three days or so 好几百 hundreds of 成千上万，千千万万 thousands of 几十万 hundreds of thousands of 几百万 millions of,可数和不可数名词 “大量”的口译,很多人（书） many people （ books ） 很多水（啤酒） much water （ beer ） 很多人（水） a lot of people (water) 大量的参考书 a large number of reference books 大量有用的信息 a large quantity of useful information 大批的产品（食物） large quantities of products (food) 你要多少（面包）就拿多少。 Take as much （ bread ） as you want. 你要多少（桔子）就拿多少。 Take as many (oranges) as you want.,把： 一把花：a bunch of flowers 一把筷子：a bundle of chopsticks 一把剪刀：A pair of scissors 笔： 一笔款子：a sum of money 一笔好字：a good hand of writing 包： 一包火柴：a box of matches 一包棉花：a package of cotton 一包香烟：a packet of cigarettes 帮： 一帮孩子：a group of children等等。,cultural differences E.g.1 这是您第几次访问中国？ Is this your first visit to china? E.g.2 你们部门得了第几名？ Did your team win the championship? 这是你第几个孩子啊？ Is this your oldest/youngest child/son/daughter?,Practice,1. ten years ago, China had 1075 full time institutions of higher learning with 88,100 graduates and 1,320,000 undergraduates. So far, in tertiary institutions there are 1,700 research institutes of natural science. 2. shanghai generated 144.77billion yuan in total tax, Corporate income tax rose by 16.6 percent to 88.17billion yuan and individual income tax was 13.41 billion yuan, up 41percent. 3. Chinas foreign reserves, the worlds second largest after Japan, has increased by 48.4 percent to US$ 383.9 billion from the previous year. 4. Shanghai Volkswagen, Chinas la