2019年高中英语Unit3LifeinthefutureSectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage.docx

Section Learning about Language & Using Language原文呈现I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century.A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.读文清障amazing adj.令人惊异的；惊人的过去分词短语considered the most modern in space作a space station的后置定语。过去分词短语Described as .作状语。enormous Inms adj.巨大的；庞大的imitate ImIteIt vt.模仿；仿造uptodate adj.最新的；时尚的up to date最新的；时尚的out of date过时的moveable muvbl adj.可移动的；活动的我看到了奇妙的东西第1段译文我首先参观的是一个太空站，这个站被认为是太空中最现代化的地方。太空站像一个巨大的圆盘，在太空中缓缓地旋转，以模仿地心的引力。太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。有个导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上，到各处参观。G：Good morning to all our visitors from 2008.First were going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer！No more postage or postcodes！ Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button， think your message and the next instant its sent. Its stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. Its quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent.But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table.They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.citizen sItIzn n公民；居民；市民typist taIpIst n打字员typewriter taIpraIt n打字机postage pstId n邮资postcode pstkd n邮政编码现在分词短语using a “thoughtpad”作方式状语。button btn n按钮；纽扣instant Instnt n瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的receiver rIsiv n接受者；接收器；电话听筒efficient IfInt adj.效率高的；有能力的environmentally friendly环保的过去分词短语called “thoughtpads”作后置定语，修饰objects。ribbon rIbn n丝带；带状物第23段译文导游：从2008年来访的朋友们，早上好！首先，我们要查看一种我们太空居民使用的最新的通讯方式。再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了！再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了！现在我们可以通过一种“思想仪”来发送信息。你把金属带放在头上，排除杂念，按下发送按钮，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。它被存储在接受者的“思想仪”里。它快捷、高效，而且环保。唯一的缺点是，如果使用者没有想清楚要发送的信息的话，发送出去的信息就可能是模糊的。但我们不能将使用者的这一过错归咎于工具本身，不是吗？在导游解说之际，我看了看桌子上这副被称为“思想仪”的小东西。它们看上去像金属丝带。如此普通却又如此神通广大！当我还在观察它们时，运送带又载着我们向前移动了。 G：And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? (We nodded.)Well，now theres a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine，always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available.The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material， such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts.Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isnt it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.used to collect waste in dustbins过去常常用垃圾箱收集废物，暗含现在不做了。dustbin dstbIn n垃圾箱where至句末为定语从句，修饰a system，其中using至句末为方式状语。dispose dIspz vt.布置；安排dispose of处理；消除；解决ecology IkldI n生态；生态学greedy ridI adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的swallow swl vt.吞下；咽下turn into(使)变成，此处为被动语态。material mtIrIl n原料；材料recycle risaIkl vt.回收利用；再利用efficiency IfInsI n效率；功效，with efficiency有效地第45段译文导游：女士们，先生们，现在我们到了“环保地带”。人们过去常用垃圾箱收集废弃物，然后这些垃圾会被掩埋或焚烧，对不对？(我们点点头。)那么，现在有一种系统，能利用生态学原理来处理废弃物。一台巨型机器，能把所有可获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。垃圾被转化成几种有用的材料，如用于耕地的“肥料”和用于沙漠的“土壤”。什么都不浪费，所有的东西，哪怕是塑料袋也被循环利用了。绝妙的创意，不是吗？我注视着这台转动的垃圾分解机器模型，被它的高效所吸引。但是，我们又开始向前移动了。G：Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space.The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage！However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production.When the goods are ready theyre transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do？My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.that至句末为定语从句，修饰the changes。manufacture mnjfkt vt.(用机器)大量生产；成批制造，此处为动名词作主语。programme vt.(计算机)编程；设计；安排 n程序perform vt.执行；上演goods dz n货物，仅有复数形式，不可用数词直接修饰。etc Itsetr abbr.诸如此类；等等，etcetera的缩写形式。representative reprIzenttIv n代表；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的settlement setlmnt n定居；解决monitor vt.监管 n显示器；班长wander v游；走神；徘徊motivation mtIveIn n动机as I thought of the wonderful world of .为as引导的时间状语从句。第67段译文导游：第三站要展示给我们的是发生在生产实践中的一些变化。批量生产不再在地球上进行，而是转移到了这样的太空站里。在太空中，一组工程师给机器人设计了程序让它们完成工作。机器人生产像药品、衣服、家具和气垫车之类的货物。没有废弃物，没有污染，也没有对环境的危害！但是，这些公司必须训练他们的代表来空间站生活和工作。他们必须监视机器人及其生产。货物生产出来之后，就被工业宇宙飞船运回地球。 我的思绪开始漫游。我能做些什么工作呢？当我想到未来世界的美好前景时，我兴趣倍增。Step 1Read the text and answer the following questions.1What did the writer see on the space station?a_“thoughtpad”a_waste_machinemanufacturing_robots2Why does the space station spin slowly in space?To_imitate_the_pull_of_the_earths_gravity.3Who will take the place of the workers in the 31st century?The_robots.Step 2Choose the best answers according to the text.1The most uptodate inventions of the _ century are on exhibition.A31stB41stC21st D51st2People in the future communicate with each other by using _.Acomputer BtypewriterCletters Da “thoughtpad”3Rubbish will be dealt with by _.Aburying itBburning itCthrowing it awayDa giant machine which can swallow it4If the user doesnt think his or her message clearly, _ may be sent.Aan unclear message Ba right messageCa wrong message Da useless message5In the future, there will be no _ in the wonderful world.Awaste BpollutionCenvironmental damage Dall of the above答案：15ADDAD一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1mud n泥(浆)2desert n. 沙漠；荒原3citizen n. 公民；居民；市民4button n. 纽扣；按钮5swallow vt. 吞下；咽下6material n. 原料；材料.拓展词汇1ecology n生态(学)ecologist n生态学家ecological adj.生态的2recycle vt.回收利用；再利用recycling n回收利用；回收的物品recyclable adj.可循环的3representative n代表；典型人物 adj.有代表性的；典型的represent v代表4settlement n定居；解决settle v定居；解决settler n移居者；拓荒者5motivation n动机motivate vt.激发；激励6instant n瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的instantly adv.立即；马上1.goods n货物联想以s/es结尾的名词集锦ashes灰烬remains遗骸arms武器 fireworks烟火thanks感谢 congratulations祝贺brains智力 belongings财产；所有物surroundings环境 earnings挣的钱2greed n贪婪；贪心greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的联想“n.y”构成的形容词荟萃rain nrainy adj.下雨的snow nsnowy adj. 下雪的wind nwindy adj. 刮风的fun nfunny adj. 有趣的guilt nguilty adj. 有罪的health nhealthy adj. 健康的luck nlucky adj. 幸运的mud nmuddy adj. 泥泞的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.on_earth 究竟2speed_up 加速3in_space 在太空里4show_sb._around/round 带领某人参观5blame_sb._for 因而责怪某人6used_to_do 过去常常做某事7stare_at 盯；凝视8be_absorbed_by 被所吸引1.be described as .被描述成2the most uptodate inventions 最前沿的发明3the sending button 发送按钮4be stored on . 被存储在5environmentally friendly 环保的6the principles of ecology 生态学原理7all the waste available 所有能获得的废弃物8space creatures 太空生物三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.That is why we persuade families not to lose sight of the advantages that come from a period of time in space.那就是为什么我们要劝说家人不要忽视在太空工作一段时间所带来的好处。That is why .“那就是为什么”；why在句中引导表语从句。I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and thats_why_Im_writing_to_voice_my_opinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点。2.Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century.太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。地点状语放于句首，句子使用全部倒装。Ahead_sat_an_old_man who told us the stories about the Long March.坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。1(教材P20)When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up, we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就用力踏驱动踏板，并且向想去的方向俯身。speed up加速Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们加快我们到达目标的速度。at a speed of .以速度at low/high/top speed 以低速/高速/全速pick up speed 逐渐加速This flight is now heading for Paris at_a_speed_of 1,000 kilometres an hour.这次飞行现在正以每小时一千公里的速度向巴黎进发。I began to pick up speed, but suddenly I realized I had forgotten how to stop.我开始逐渐加速，但我突然意识到我忘了该怎么停下来。A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at_high_speed.(2016浙江高考)突然停止有时会是很可怕的经历，尤其是你高速行进的时候。名师点津speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped；speed up的反义短语为slow down“放慢速度”。2(教材P22)You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent.你把金属带放在头上，排除杂念，按下发送按钮，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。instant n瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的(1)the instant一就in an instant 立刻for an instant 顷刻；一瞬间(2)instantly adv. 立即；即刻conj. 一就It can provide students with instant feedback, including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.(2015安徽高考)它能够给学生提供即时反馈，包括关于他们优势和不足的报告。The boss wanted the job done in an instant.老板要求这个工作立刻做完。I recognized her instantly (instant) I saw her.我一眼就认出是她。3(教材P22)A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available.一台巨型机器，能把所有能获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的be greedy for sth.对贪婪/渴望be greedy to do sth. 渴望做某事be greedy of 贪婪的The students are greedy for knowledge.学生们对知识如饥似渴。Tom is greedy to_do (do) his homework to have a comfortable holiday.汤姆急着做家庭作业是为了有一个轻松的假期。It was greedy of them to take such bribes.他们收受了那些贿赂，真是贪婪。 That is why we persuade families not to lose sight of the advantages that come from a period of time in space.那就是为什么我们要劝说家人不要忽视在太空工作一段时间所带来的好处。That/This/It is why . 表示“那/这就是为什么”，why 引导表语从句。That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.(2015广东高考)那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因前者更温暖些。It/This/That is because .这/那就是因为The reason why . is/was that . 的原因是Maybe its because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。The reason why he wasnt admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。 .单句语法填空1(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！” 2The instant the president declared the celebration open, the crowd cheered.3He is addicted to computer games, and that is why he has to drop out of school.4It is very kind of you to show me around your school.5The haze (雾霾) happens so frequently that we are greedy to_enjoy (enjoy) the sunshine whenever possible.6Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief.选词填空1How did the accident come about since he drove at_a_speed_of sixty miles per hour?2In_an_instant,_he took off his coat and jumped into the water to save the drowning boy.3He has to stay at home. This_is_because he has a bad cold.4Its bad manners to stare_at others for a long time.5Absorbed_by the beauty of Zhangjiajie, she wanted to visit it again the next year.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1The programme brought an instant (立刻的) response.2He looked at the gold with greedy (贪婪的) eyes.3Learning English requires a lot of motivation (动机); otherwise, one will lose interest in it.4There is little doubt that recycling (再利用) is good for the environment.5Jane was soon swallowed (吞没) up in the crowd.6A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert (沙漠)7He is a representative (代表) of a large steel company.8With the governments aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements (定居点)9A new series of simple English reading materials (材料)for middle school students has come out this year.10The animal is part of nature. If they were separated from human, we wouldnt be able to keep the ecology (生态) balance.单句改错1The train picked speed and soon disappeared in my line of sight.picked后加up2It is so greedy for you to leave none of the cake for everyone else.第一个forof3Instant the hero turned up at the meeting, the audience applauded.InstantInstantly4The reason why he was absent from the meeting was because he was delayed by the accident.becausethat.补全句子1They are broadening the bridge to_speed_up the flow of traffic.他们正在拓宽大桥，以加速车流。2Please send me an email the_instant/instantly_you_reach_Yunnan.请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。3Mary is_greedy_to_learn more knowledge.玛丽渴望学习更多的知识。4The deadline is drawing near. This_is_why we are very busy.最后期限要到了。这就是为什么我们很忙。本单元语言点温故练习.用所给词的适当形式填空1This dictionary will look nice when printed (print)2Satisfied (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.3Though warned (warn) of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.4Moved (move) by her fans, she said she would work harder.5Explained (explain) a hundred times, the problem still cant be understood.6When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling (feel) nervous or anxious.7Devoted (devote) to his scientific work, he has no time to care for his family affairs, which his wife always complains about.8Written (write) carelessly, your composition is full of mistakes.补全句子1After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took_up_her_job as a doctor in the countryside.在一所医科大学就读了五年后，简开始在乡下从事医生工作。2She has_always_been_surrounded_with/by many fashionable friends.她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。3As taxpayers, they felt that they could no longer tolerate_not_having a say in the government.作为纳税人，他们对于在政府没有发言权感到难以容忍。4A diet lacking_in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。5When I looked up, I lost_sight_of the famous actor.当我抬起头时，已看不见那位著名的演员了。6Some methods of preserving food are_easy_to_understand.有些保存食物的方法很容易理解。7She looks as_though/if_she_were_ten_years_younger.她看起来好像年轻了10岁。8There might have been two main reasons contributing_to/leading_to_the_disaster.也许有两个主要原因导致了这场灾难。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Some people are pessimistic (悲观的) when they think about the future. They say that, a hundred years from now, we will have used most of the earths resources. We will have polluted our seas badly, and be unable to eat fish from them. We will have made the air so dirty that we will need to wear masks. The worlds population will have doubled, and we will have used all the countryside for housing; there will be no farmland left.Other people believe that man adapts very easily. They have a different idea of the future. How, in their views, will people be living in a hundred years time?One architect (建筑师) believes that man will move off the land. He suggests that the city of the future will be a huge, pyramidshaped (金字塔形的) building, which will be floating on the surface of the sea. About 5,000 families will be living there, and the building will contain shops and schools as well as homes. By living on the sea, we will give farmers more land to grow crops.As for oil, people will no longer need it: we will be heating our homes with power from the sun. And we will not be short of minerals, because there are plenty under our oceans. At the moment, we do not have the technology to get them out. But, in a hundred years time, the optimists say, the new sea cities will be using these resources.What will be in the shops in the year 3000? What will people be wearing? How will people be traveling?Scientists who make predictions about the future suggest that, by the year 3000, shops will no longer exist. Computers will have replaced them; and people will order goods from home.People will be wearing very light, thin clothes. By this time, scientists will have invented a fabric (织物) that keeps us cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather.As for travel, the experts say that most people will be using public transport. Electric cars will be traveling through the streets day and night. Anybody will be able to stop one and use it.An interesting picture. Unfortunately, we will not be there to see if these predictions come true.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人们对未来生活的不同看法以及人们对未来生活的预测。1Pessimists believe that in the future _.Athe seas and oceans will be full of housesBwell have used up all the resourcesCwe will not have enough fish to eat from the seasDwe will have polluted the air so badly that it will be impossible for us to breathe解析：选D细节理解题。由文章第一段的第四句“We will have made . to wear masks.”可知，悲观的人认为一百年之后，因为空气受到严重污染，人们必须要戴着面具，故D项正确。A项是一位建筑师的假想，不符合题干要求；B项应为大部分资源被用完而非全部；C项应为海水因受到污染导致鱼不能食用，故排除。2Optimists suggest that in the future _.Aall the land will be too polluted to be cropped onBpyramids will be most commonlyused housesCpeople will be using the power from the sun instead of oilDwe will be short of materials even though we get them from under the oceans解析：选C细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句可知，人们将不再使用石油，而是利用太阳能来取暖。其他选项与原文不符。3Scientists have made the predictions EXCEPT _.Aelectric