2019高中英语Unit9WheelsSectionⅥLesson4教案（含解析）北师大版必修3.docx

Section Lesson 4原文呈现The Road to Destruction“This morning it took me forty minutes to get to work. More road construction works on the A10！” “Oh really? It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.”“Youre both lucky. It took me two hours! You dont have to use the M25.”How often have you heard these conversations? How often do we get stuck in traffic jams？ How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out， tired and angry？ For many people in Britain, the answer is every day. But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car. Here are some figures：In the last ten years, the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%.There are now 25 million cars in this country.Over three thousand people die every year in road accidents in Britain.In London, car engines produce 99% of all carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.Twentyfive thousand deaths per year are caused by air pollution.Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change. The average global temperature is about 0.5 degrees centigrade higher than it was 100 years ago.读文清障It takes/took sb.时间段to do sth.某人花多长时间做某事。get to work去上班construction /knstrkn/ n建筑；建筑物under construction正在建造之中accident n事故by accident偶然，意外地get stuck in陷入中，困在中be trapped in陷入中 be caught in陷入中traffic jams交通阻塞，塞车stressed out极度焦虑的，非常紧张疲惫的stressed out, tired and angry是形容词短语，在句中作状语。motor /mt/ adj.机动车辆的；n.马达，发动机compared to .“和比起来”，是过去分词短语作状语。figure /fIg/ n数字，数目the number of .“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。a number of .“许多/大量的”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。go up上升by prep.表示数量的增减程度；to表示数量增减到over超过，多于engine /endIn/ n发动机，引擎engineer n工程师，技师 engineering n工程学carbon monoxide一氧化碳 carbon dioxide二氧化碳atmosphere n大气，气氛 per /p/ adj.每，每一be related to 和有关be connected with 和有关have something to do with 和有关cause n起因；v.引起cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事cause and effect因果关系average adj.平均的，平均数的；n.平均水平，平均数centigrade /sentIgreId/ n摄氏(度)毁灭之路以上部分译文“今天早上，我花了四十分钟去上班。A10公路上施工的地方又多了！”“噢，真的吗？我用了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起交通事故。”“你们俩真幸运。我用了两个小时！你们都不必走M25这条路。”这样的对话你多久听到一次？我们有多少次遇到塞车？有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？对于许多英国人来说答案是天天如此。但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。这里有一些数据：在过去的10年里，英国路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。现在这个国家有2 500万辆汽车。英国每年有3 000多人死于车祸。伦敦大气中99%的一氧化碳是由汽车的发动机产生的。每年25 000人死于空气污染。有些类型的癌症和交通污染有关系。交通是全球变暖、气候变化的主要原因之一。全球平均温度比100年前高大约0.5摄氏度。We know that cars are bad for us. So why do we carry on using our cars so much? We all make excuses：“The buses are terrible.” “The trains are always late！” “I havent got time to walk.” Im talking about myself, too. I admit： Im addicted to my car. When I asked Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up， she told me six things：1 Use your legs.Over 25% of car journeys are under two miles short journeys we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save you money, keep you fit and help you live longer. And regular exercise cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!2 Use public transport. On average， about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what？ You can relax on the bus or train, read a book, talk to someone, meet the love of your life who knows?3 Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town? What about the shops around the corner？ Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.4 Share cars. If youve really got to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.,carry on继续make excuses找借口admit /dmIt/ vt.承认，供认admit doing sth.承认做了某事admit sb. to be .承认某人为admit sb. to/into .允许某人进入addicted /dIktId/ adj.沉溺于的be addicted to沉溺于give up放弃regular adj.频繁的，经常的on a regular basis定期地cut the risk of降低的风险cut down on削减，缩小on average平均；通常above/below average平均水平以上/以下at an average speed of以平均的速度while “而，却”，连接两个并列分句，语意上表示对比。 occupy /kjpaI/ vt.占用(空间、面积、时间等)be occupied in/with (doing) sth.忙于(做)某事so what那又怎样Now what？又怎么了？What if .？如果怎么样？around the corner附近；在拐角处；即将来临share v分担，分享share sth. with sb.与某人分担/分享某物have got to have to必须，不得不以上部分译文既然我们知道汽车对我们不利，那么大家为什么还要继续频繁地使用汽车呢？我们会找出种种借口：“公共汽车让人难以忍受。”“火车经常晚点！”“我没有时间步行。”我也是在说我自己。我承认：我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。我曾向绿色和平组织的珍妮托沃讨教怎样放弃(汽车)，她告诉了我6条建议：1 尽量步行。25%以上的车程通常不到两英里这样短的路程步行或骑自行车都很容易。步行可以省钱、保持健康，并且有助于长寿。经常锻炼可以降低50%的心脏病发病概率！2 使用公共交通工具。平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。有时乘公共交通工具可能会多花一点儿时间，但是这又有什么关系呢？你可以在公共汽车或者火车上放松一下，读书，和人聊天，或许你能遇见你生命中的挚爱谁知道会发生什么事呢？3 出门前仔细考虑。你真的不得不到城市另一边的购物中心去吗？到附近商店购物如何？上车前，认真考虑一下你是否真的需要那次行程。4 共用车。如果你真的需要用车，和别人开一辆车去。这样更省钱，又更有益于保护环境。5 Dont believe advertisements! Nearly a quarter of all the advertisements on TV are about cars. You see an attractive man or woman driving a fast car through beautiful countryside. Its not true! That new car wont make you more attractive. And you wont be driving on an empty country road. Youll be stuck in a traffic jam in a city or on a highway！6 Take action somehow！ We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is.If your streets full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Ask for a pedestrian area.Do whichever of these things that suit you. Dont just sit around and complain！All quite simple， isnt it? Six easy ways to improve our environment. Well, Im sorry I must finish this article. Ive got to pick up my daughter from school at four oclock. Then Ive got to drive to Sainsburys to do the shopping. After that I have to take my son to a party. And tomorrow were driving over to see my mother. The traffics going to be awful, but what can we do？a quarter of四分之一highway /haIweI/ n公路高速公路：expressway, freeway, motorwaytake action采取行动somehow /smha/ adv.以某种方式anyhow adv.无论如何，不管怎么样limit n. C限度，极限without limit无限制地a pedestrian area步行区whichever /wItev/ pron.无论哪个suit /sut/ vt.适合sit around闲坐；无所事事complain vi.抱怨All quite simple是All is quite simple的省略形式。pick up接送(某人)be driving 此处是现在进行时表示将来的动作。5 不要相信广告！几乎四分之一的电视广告和汽车有关。你会看见一位颇具吸引力的男士或女士开着车快速地行驶在风景秀丽的乡间。那不是真的！那辆新车不会使你更具吸引力。你也不会在空旷的乡间公路上开车。你会在城市里或高速公路上遭遇堵车！6 用某种方式采取行动！我们常常以为自己对噪音、污染和交通危险无能为力。其实不然。如果你居住的街道交通不畅，你可以和邻居谈谈。给报社写封信。去市政府申诉。请求限速。申请画出斑马线(步行区)。做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。不要只坐在那里抱怨！,这些办法都很简单，是不是？6种改善我们环境的简便易行的方法。遗憾的是，我必须在此停笔了。我4点钟得去学校接女儿，然后开车去圣斯伯里购物，接着还得送儿子去参加聚会。明天我们要开车去看望我的母亲。交通肯定会很糟糕，但我们又有什么办法呢？True (T) or False (F)1In Britain the number of cars in the last ten years has increased very quickly._T_2The average global temperature 100 hundred years ago was about 0.5 degrees centigrade lower than it is today._T_3Many people refuse to use cars because they think cars are bad for us._F_4Regular exercise can help avoid heart attack._T_5Sharing journeys with someone else by car is more environmentally friendly and less expensive._T_6New car will make you more attractive._F_7You can always drive your new car on an empty country road._F_8Human can do nothing about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic._F_Read the text again and choose the best answers.1The A10, the M11 and the M25 are _. AroadworksBroadsCtraffic cones2The reason for our being stressed out, tired and angry is _.Athat we often hear those conversationsBthe real cost of the motor carCgetting stuck in traffic jams3We carry on using our cars so much because _.Awe are addicted to our carsBwe know cars are bad for usCwe want to make ourselves healthy4Jenny Trowe advises me not to _.Awalk or cycle in a short journeyBuse my car as often as possible Ctravel in buses5Which of the following best summaries the writers attitude to cars?AHe thinks cars have more advantages than disadvantages.BHe knows what he should do, but uses his car because it is convenient.CHe thinks it would be easy for all of us to use our cars less.答案：15BCABB一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.highway n公路2.pavement n. 人行道3.crossroads n. 十字路口4.physical adj. 身体的，物质的5.motor n. 马达，发动机6.engine n. 发动机，引擎7.somehow adv. 以某种方式8.figure n. 数字，数目9.suit vt. 适合10.occupy vt. 占用(空间、面积、时间等)11.amount n. 数量12.admit vt. 承认，供认.拓展词汇1.construction n. 建筑，建筑物construct v构筑；建造2.addicted adj.沉溺于的addict vt.使沉溺，使沉迷1.physical adj.身体的，物质的联想你喜欢的体育课(PE)就是physical education的缩写哦physical 2.figure n数字；人物；身材；图形记法 联想用手指(finger)笔画数字(figure)figure3.suit vt.适合词块suit sb. (fine)(口)很合某人的意well suited (非常)适合suit oneself 随你的便二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.go up 上升2on average 平均；通常3be/get stuck in 被困在4compared to 与相比5be related to 与有联系6carry on 继续7be addicted to 沉溺于8give up 放弃1.so what 那又怎样2take action 采取行动3pick up (用车)接某人；捡起4keep fit 保持健康5the number of 的数量6cut the risk of 降低的风险7around the corner 附近；在拐角处；即将来临8sit around 闲坐；无所事事三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.If so, what kind of car is it?如果是这样，那是什么类型的车？if引导的省略句。If_so,_I hope hell pay you better than I. 假如是这样，我希望他付给你的租金比我更多。2.This morning it took me forty minutes to get to work. 今天早上，我花了四十分钟去上班。it takes sb. sometime to do sth.“某人花费多长时间做某事”。It_took_us_two_days_to_finish the task. 完成这项任务花了我们两天的时间。3.How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry?有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？形容词作状语，表伴随情况。To our relief, the children returned home safe_and_sound at last.令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙地回到了家里。4.On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars. 平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。while“然而”，连接并列句，表示对比。He likes coffee, while_she_likes_tea.他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。1(教材P42) Amount of TV advertising：电视广告的总量：amount n数量 vi.合计，接近large amounts of a large amount of大量(修饰不可数名词)amount to 总共，合计He owed me 50, but could only pay half that amount.他欠我五十英镑，但只能还总数的一半。A large amount of money was_spent (spend) on the bridge. Large amounts of money were_spent (spend) on the bridge.(建)这座桥花了很多钱。His words amounted to a threat.他的话实际上是种威胁。名师点津(1)amount构成的短语“大量的”修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词取决于amount的单复数。(2)amount指“量”，与不可数名词连用；number指“数”，与可数名词连用。2(教材P42)Here are some figures：这里有一些数据：figure n数字；人物；身材；图形 vt.计算；认为写出下列句中figure的含义My uncle has an income of seven figures a year.数字He has become a figure known to everyone.人物She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.图案Figure the situation for yourself. What could I do？想象We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait. 认为figure out计算出；想出；理解figure on 指望；打算figure that . 认为He figured on some help from his brother.他指望从他哥哥那里得到些帮助。Hes trying to figure out a way to solve the problem.他正在努力找出解决问题的方法。3(教材P43)I admit: Im addicted to my car.我承认，我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。admit vt.承认，供认；容纳；接受admit doing/having done sth.承认做某事be admitted to/into . 被录取admit to sb. that . 向某人承认You must admit the task to be difficult.你必须承认这项任务难。He had to admit stealing/having_stolen (steal) the car.他不得不承认偷了那辆车。He was_admitted_into/to Beijing University.他被北京大学录取了。addicted adj.沉溺于的(1)be/become/get addicted to doing sth.对痴迷；沉溺于(2)addict vt. 沉迷于；使上瘾 n. (吸毒)成瘾者；有瘾的人addict oneself to sth. 沉迷于某物People who often smoke are likely to be addicted to nicotine.经常抽烟的人很可能对尼古丁上瘾。The young man addicted_himself_to alcohol after the failure of his marriage.自从婚姻失败后，那个年轻人沉溺于酒精难以自拔。Addicted to surfing (surf) on the Net, the kid stayed in the net bar all night, not going home.由于沉溺于上网，这个孩子整夜待在网吧里不回家。4(教材P43)On average, about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。on average通常；平均起来above/below (the) average在平均水准以上/下up to (the) average 达到平均数/水平an average of . 平均有(后跟数词)We fail one student per year on average.我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。 Temperatures are above (the) average for the time of year.温度高于此时的年平均温度。 Harry is below average in his lessons and Jim is about up_to_the_average.哈里的功课在平均水平以下，吉姆的功课刚达到一般水平。occupy vt.占用(时间、面积、空间等)；占领忙于某事 忙于做某事During the war, Germany occupied many countries, including France.战争期间，德国占领了很多国家，包括法国。The workers occupied themselves in building new houses.The workers were_occupied_in building new houses.工人们正在忙着盖新房子。When I came in, he was being occupied with his housework. When I came in, he was_occupying_himself_with his housework.我进来时他正忙于做家务。5(教材P43)Do whichever of these things that suit you.做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。suit vt.适合(1)suit .to使适合be suited to 适合/适应于(2)suitable adj. 适合的be suitable for 适合于Will it suit you if I come around at three?我3点左右来，你觉得合适吗？The programme is suitable (suit) for children.这个节目适宜儿童。You should be suited to the new surroundings.你应当适应新环境。1How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry?有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？(1)stressed out, tired and angry是过去分词或形容词短语在句中作状语。(2)形容词(短语)在句中作状语，用于说明主语的特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也表示原因、条件、让步等。He turned away, disappointed.他失望地走开了。Afraid_of_being_caught,_the thief hid himself in the corner.由于害怕被抓住，小偷藏在角落里。The rabbit turned over, dead.兔子翻了个身，死了。In spite of the terrible weather, he landed all the passengers safe_and_sound. 尽管天气很糟糕，他还是使所有乘客都安然无恙地着陆了。2On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars. 平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。while为并列连词，连接两个并列句，表示转折、对比，意为“而，却”；另外，while还可以用作从属连词，意为“只要；当时候；尽管”。I went swimming while the other played tennis. 我去游泳，其余的人则去打网球了。While_theres_life,_theres hope.只要活着就有希望。While_I_understand_what_you_say,_I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。He took a bath while_I_was_preparing_dinner.我准备晚餐的时候他在洗澡。.单句语法填空1We have never been able to figure her out.2On average, men are taller than women by several inches.3A large amount of money has_been_spent (spend) on this project so far.4This coat isnt suitable for me.5We arrived home, hungry and tired (tire).完成句子1You like sports, while_Id_rather_read.你喜欢体育，而我却喜欢读书。2I admitted breaking/having_broken the window.我承认打破了窗子。3The children have_been_addicted_to_online_games.孩子们对网络游戏上瘾了。4He was_occupied_in_writing_letters yesterday.他昨天忙着写信。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1He sat down at his desk to work out the exact figures (数字)2This arrangement suits (适合) you both very much.3He has always been keen on doing physical (身体的) exercises.4A highway (公路) is a main road, usually connecting large towns.5We went straight on till we reached the crossroads (十字路口)6People should walk on the pavement (人行道) not in the road.7They spent equal amounts(数量) of time in California and New York.8When I arrived at the theatre, all the seats had been occupied (占用)9The road is under construction (建造). Please turn back to take another road.10The company has admitted (承认) that their new product is dangerous for children.单句语法填空1Compared (compare) to his brother, he is taller.2The boy is addicted to playing (play) computer games.3Dont give up hope even if you are faced with difficulties.4Its said that the lung cancer is related to smoking.5I have been stuck in the traffic jam for nearly two hours.6Demands for water will got up along with the expanding population.7Eggs, although nourishing, have a large amount of fat content.8The price of houses goes up and people from the area can not afford to buy a house there.9When a new disease breaks out，experts must figure out what to do in the fastest way.10He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.完成句子1She admitted reading/having_read_the_letter.她承认读过这封信。2If_necessary,_ask Tom to give you a hand.如有必要，请汤姆帮忙。3Helen is_fully_occupied_with_business_matters,_so we dont want to bother her.海伦正全力忙着生意上的事情，所以我们不想去打扰她。4Wet_or_fine,_he got up at six and took a walk in the park.不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点起床，并到公园里散步。5Id like to study law at university while_my_cousin_prefers_geography.我上大学时想学法律，而我表妹想学地理。.串点成篇微表达汤姆和杰克是我的好朋友。与汤姆相比(compared with)，杰克更聪明。汤姆今年夏天被一所重点大学录取(be admitted into)，但杰克没有。对这条消息我很怀疑。因此我决定弄清楚(figure out)原因。杰克的老师告诉我杰克对玩电脑游戏上瘾(be addicted to)。他的分数在平均分以下(below average)，而汤姆的分数在平均分以上(above average)。我认为如果我们想成功，我们必须依靠努力学习。Tom_and_Jack_are_my_good_friends._Compared_with_Tom,_Jack_is_much_cleverer._Tom_was_admitted_into_a_key_university_this_summer,_but_Jack_didnt._I_doubted_this_piece_of_news_very_much._So_I_decided_to_figure_out_the_reason._Jacks_teacher_told_me_that_Jack_is_addicted_to_playing_computer_games._His_marks_are_below_average_while_Toms_marks_is_above_the_average._I_think_if_we_want_to_succeed,_we_must_rely_on_hard_work.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空An elephant named Bozo was huge but gentle. However, one day Bozo _1_. He almost attacked the man who cleaned his cage, and _2_ children at the circus (马戏团). So his owner decided to _3_ the giant.To earn money, the owner held a cruel _4_. He sold tickets to _5_ Bozos execution (行刑). On the day, three men rose to aim their guns at the animal. Just before the _6_ was given to shoot, a man stepped out and said to the elephants owner, “Sir, this is _