英语形容词和副词.ppt

形容词与副词,（一）形容词的作用 1作定语，只作定语：left, right, inner, outer, upper, hinder, utter, former, elder,eldest, major, latter, lesser, wooden, earthen, wooden, brazen,golden,ashen,leaden,flaxen等 如： a careless driver 2作表语，与系动词连用。只作表语，ill, well, content, unable, sorry, glad, mindful, exempt, bound, bent, afraid, ashamed, asleep, awake, away, aware, alike, alive, alert, averse, agape, astir, aflame, afloat, afire.(还有其他以a开头的词) 如： The desk is clean . 3作宾语补足语，用在cut, find, keep, leave, make, push, tear等动词之后。如： The news made everyone happy.,一、形容词,4与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物, 如： The rich and the poor live very different lives .,5作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果等。如： He went to bed , cold and hungry .,(二)形容词的排列顺序,OPSHACOM 是个拼缀词，它的涵义如下： OP-opinion评述性词。如beautiful，wonderful， expensive，terrible，orrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。 SH-size shape表大些形状的词。如 long， short，round，square等。 A-age表新旧的词。如new，old等。 C-colour表颜色的词。如red，black，purple ，brown，yellow等。 O-origin表产地的词。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian， Australian，Japanese 等。 M-material表材料的词。如leather，glass， rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。,按此顺序，“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克“的英语为 “a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。“ 理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词，但在实际语言材料中 一般不超过5个。因此，掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词 修饰名词时的顺序问题。 学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项： 1各修饰词（即形容词）可有缺项，但顺序不变。 如：a small Swiss watch。 2当表大小（或长短）的词与表形状的词同时出现时， 大小（或长短）在前，形状在后。如：a large square table。 3定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、 数词等位于句首。,4数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。（数词不与不定冠 词或形容词性所有格连用） 5分词最靠近所修饰的名词。如：his new Japanese timing device；three scotish handmade skirts。 下面请读者做几道练习题： 用OPSHACOM法将下列各题括号中的单词按正确 顺序排列： 1（Canadian ，extraordinary ，an ，new）play 2（green，a，large）garden 3（gold，British，the，round）coin 4（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desks,2. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠； 限定词（冠词，代词）-数词-描绘形容词（beautiful, good, interesting, kind)-特征形容词 (大小+长短+新旧+颜色 +国籍+材料)-名词 opshacom,1.This _ girl is Linds cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2. One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,A,A,如: an old Chinese stone bridge those large round black wooden tables,（一）副词的作用 1作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如： He had worked hard all his life .（修饰动词） He is very diligent.（修饰形容词） You can find books on that subject quite easily .（修饰副词） Luckily she was in when I called .（修饰句子）,二、副词,2作表语，表示地点及位置。如： They are downstairs. 3作定语，如： The population here is getting smaller and smaller.,（二）副词的位置和排列顺序 1副词的位置 副词在句中的位置比较灵活。 （1）多数副词包括地点副词、方式副词和 频度副词以外的时间副词都可以放在 谓语动词后面，如果是及物动词就放在 宾语后面。如： Sometimes many people talked together, without anyone stopping them 有时好些人一起聊天，也没有人阻止他们。,I must be leaving now我现在该走了。 First, read a chapter quickly to get a general idea 第一，快速阅读一章，以便掌握中心思想。 重点提示 有些地点副词如away, down, in, on, off, out, up 等也可以放在动词和宾语之间，但宾语如果是 人称代词，副词只能放在宾语的后面。如：,（2）频度副词，通常放在谓语动词前面。 如果句子中有情态动词、助动词或动 词to be，就放在这类动词的后面。如： We have never had women working in this part of our company before 我们以前从来没有让妇女在我们公司的这种 部门工作过。 He is seldom late for work他上班很少迟到。 I always meet him in the streetHe must live quite near here,我总在这条街上碰到他，想必他就住在附近。 这类副词有：almost, already, always, frequently, hardly, nearly, occasionally, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldom等。另外, 还有一类副词如 yet, once, just, really, soon, surely等也可以放在这个位置。 如：Although many families became separated, people still kept in touch with each other虽然许多家庭都分散了， 但是人们还是保持着联系。 Fish soon goes bad in hot weather热天鱼很快就变质了。 但有的副词有时放在动词后面，如： Do you come here often? 你常到这里来吗？,（3）疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一些 形容整个句子的副词。如actually, fortunately, unfortunately, of course, first, at first, secondly, surely, perhaps, probably, certainly等，通常放 在句子（或从句）的开头。如： Perhaps weve going to have a storm 可能要来暴风雨了。 Surely you dont think shes beautiful? 你一定觉得她不漂亮吧？ 有些时间副词和频度副词也可放在句首，,这类词有yesterday, tomorrow, last night, finally, at last, now, soon, once, occasionally, usually, sometimes等。如： Finally, he demanded an end to the British rule over India and independence for his country 最后，他要求结束英国对印度的统治，要求 国家的独立。 Yesterday he was late for class昨天他上学迟到了。 Occasionally I try to write poems 我偶尔也试着写几首诗。 程度副词一般放在它所修饰的词的前面。 如：After all, this ball is very important 这次舞会毕竟还是很重要的。 My poor mother, your hair has gone quite white! 可怜的妈妈，你的头发全都变白了！,重点提示 enough要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如： He didnt run quickly enough他跑得不够快。 He is smart enough for this work 他很机灵，足以胜任这项工作。 2副词的排列顺序 英语中几个副词用在一起时，一般的词序是： 程度状态地点时间， 如：They played fairly well there yesterday 昨天他们在那里打得很好。,三、形容词和副词的区别： 1.形容词修饰系动词，副词修饰行为动词。 She always looks _ .(美丽） She is always dressed _.,beautiful,beautifully,2. 形容词修饰名词；副词修饰形容词，副词和全句。 He has got a serious illness.（名词） He is seriously ill.（形容词） You can find books on that subject quite easily .（副词） Luckily she was in when I called.（句子）,四、形容词和副词的比较等级,原级,1. 肯定 as adj. / adv. 原级 as,2. 否定 not as (so) adj. / adv. 原级 as,3. 倍数 倍数 as adj. / adv. 原级 as 倍数 the size (height, length, width，depth) of,如：1. Mr. Sun speaks English as fluently as you.,2. This building looks not so (as) high as that one.,3. This room is three times as large as that one.,more most,worse worst,less least,比较级,1. 构成形式：,- er,more,注意不规则变化,better best,farther farthest further furthest,2. 用法,A. 表示一方超过另一方 “ 比较级（-er/more) than ”,B. 表示一方不及另一方 “ less 原级 than ”,C. 表示 越来越 “ 比较级 and 比较级 ”,D. 表示 越 越 “ the 比较级 , the 比较级 ”,E. 表示 两者中比较 “ the 比较级 of the two”,F. 表示 倍数 “ 倍数比较级 than ”,3. 比较级前的副词或副词短语。,“一点点, 稍微”：a little (bit), slightly, any, some “得多”：many, much, a lot, far, by far “更，甚”：even, still,4. 比较级句型表达最高级含义 + any other + 单数名词 比较级 + the other + 复数名词 + any of the other + 复数名词 Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class . ( = Tom is the tallest boy in his class .),1. 形容词后置： A. 修饰some, any, no, every 等构成的复合不定代词要后置。如： something new; nothing serious; anything interesting,五、形容词和副词的一些特别用法,B. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如： Nobody else is so silly as you are.,C. “enough”作定语时一般放在中心词前；但作副词时只能后置。 We have enough food to eat. She is old enough to go to school.,E. 某些形容词，如: present (在场的，出席的), involved(有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。 如: the students present (出席的学生) the cost involved (所需费用),D. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置。如：alike, alive, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 如：He is the only man awake at that time.,3. so和such的用法,A: 基本用法：such + n. /n.p.; so + adj./adv.,B,B: 修饰可数名词单数，so 和such可以互换； 如：so good a student， such a good student C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。 如：so many people, so little water,Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such,4. 两种形式的副词 close 与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.,late 与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?,3) deep 与 deeply deep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常 表示感情上的深度，“深深地“ He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film.,high 与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，“高度地” The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.,5) wide 与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.,6) free 与 freely free的意思是“免费“；freely 的意思是“无限制地“ You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.,注意下列各组副词的区别 1) just(完成时) - just now（过去式）位置不一样 2) rather修饰贬义词 - quite（同fairly,但语气较强fairly good ,quite good极好） - fairly修饰褒义词 3) yet 期望，否定，疑问句- still原状，强调持续性 - already完成，强调后果，多见于肯定句 4) hard努力地- hardly几乎不，办否定词 - rarely很少，表频率 - scarcely罕见 5) much too+形容词、副词 - too much太多 +不可数名词,6) especially尤其；格外 - specially特别地；专门地 7) every day名词短语，状语 - everyday形容词，定语 8) sometime 副词，将来某一天或曾经- sometimes 副词，有时，偶尔-some time 名词短语 有些时间，一些时间,巩固练习： Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. Extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 2. Would you be _ do me a favor? A. kind enough B. so kind as to C. so kind to D. kind as to 3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _ the next month. A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes 4. It is _ that his English is _ perfect. A. sure very B. right rather C. exact fairly D. certain quite,D,B,B,D,5. Alien had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,A,1.She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. A.as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as 2.Of all the story books, I like this one _. Its not interesting at all. A. very much B. the best C. very less D. the least,A,D,3.-If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -Ok, but do you have _size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger 4.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _choice. A.good B.the best C.better D.the better,B,D,5.-Its so hot today. -It surely is. Its _yesterday. A.two degrees hotter than B.two degrees as hot as C.two degree hotter than D.as two degrees hot as,A,6.Everybody says that this problem is _ difficult than the one you asked me about yesterday. A.a lot quite more B.quite a lot more C.a lot more quite D.very much more quite 7.He is not _ as any of us, but he is brave enough. A.as a good player B.as good a player C.a player so good D.a so good player,B,B,8.The harder you work, _. A. the greater progress youll make B. the greater youll make progress C. youll make the greater progress D. youll make greater progress,A,9.Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most,C,10.Toms handwriting is better than _. A. any other students handwriting B.any students handwriting else C.any of the other students D.any student handwriting 11. Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largest B.that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest,A,D,12.To my surprise he is _ than his younger sister. A. taller B. less taller C. less shorter D. less tall,D,13.Although Linda tried hard in the exam, she did _ than her brother. A. more badly B.much better C. much badly D. much worse,D,V-ed &