2019年高中英语Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldSectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage.docx

Section Learning about Language & Using Language原文呈现 读文清障STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not， there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern， southern， African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.standard adj.标准的；普通的n.标准；规格believe it or not信不信由你such adj.如此的；这样的as表示“像一样”on TV在电视上过去分词短语spoken on TV and the radio作后置定语，修饰the English。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。expect vt.盼望；预期；预料people speak为定语从句，修饰the way。省略了作状语的引导词that/in which。expression Ikspren n词语；表示；表达形容词短语different from the “standard language”作后置定语，修饰其前面的words and expressions。dialect daIlekt n方言midwestern mIdwestn adj.中西部的；有中西部特性的southern adj.南方的；南部的neighbouring adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)all over遍及；到处标准英语和方言第12段译文什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视上和收音机里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Some people。eastern istn adj.东方的；东部的southeastern saistn adj.东南方的；来自东南的the same . as .和一样的northwestern nwestn adj.西北方的；来自西北的in which引导定语从句，从句修饰a large country。recognize reknaIz vt.辨认出；承认；公认第3段译文地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。Choose the best answers according to the text.1From the text, we know that _ is standard English.ABritish EnglishBAmerican EnglishCthe English spoken in AustraliaDno English2People think the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English, because _.Apeople believe those who reported the news speak excellent EnglishBthey speak the same EnglishCthey speak it to all the peopleDthere are some dialects on TV and the radio3American English has so many dialects because _.Apeople have come from all over the worldBthe US is made up of so many statesCAmericans move from one place to anotherDthe US is a large country答案：13DAA一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.command n& vt.命令；指令；掌握2.request n& vt. 请求；要求3.accent n. 口音；腔调；重音4.lightning n. 闪电5.straight adv. 直接；挺直 adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的6.block n. 街区；块；木块；石块.拓展词汇1.expression n词语；表示；表达express v表达；表示2.eastern adj.东方的；东部的east n东方；东部地区3.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认recognition n认出；承认1.动词sion变为名词的常见单词expressexpression表达；表情discussdiscussion 讨论decidedecision 决定2.“方位”大聚焦midwest n中西部midwestern adj.中西部的southeast n东南southeastern adj.东南的northwest n西北northwestern adj.西北的east n东方eastern adj.东部的west n西方western adj.西部的south n南方southern adj.南部的north n北方northern adj.北部的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.believe_it_or_not信不信由你2from_all_over_the_world 来自世界各地3play_a_part_(in) 扮演一个角色；参与4from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方5the_same_._as_. 和相同6hold_on 请稍等(电话用语)7take_note_of 注意；记下8build_up 建立；增进(健康)1.without a second thought不假思索2correct your spelling mistakes 纠正你的拼写错误3turn off the radio 关闭收音机4standard English 标准英语5in the early days of radio 在早期的电台节目里6two people from neighbouring towns 两个来自相邻城镇的人三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.As we know, British English is a little different from American English.众所周知，英式英语和美式英语有所不同。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。As_we_know/As_is_known_to_us,_China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。2.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。There is no such . as .没有像的。There_is_no_such_thing_as a free lunch in the world.天下没有免费的午餐。3.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。This/That is becau se .这/那是因为。This_is_because you are playing an important part in your family. 这是因为你在你的家庭中起着重要作用。4.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。the same . as与一样。Could you buy me the_same_book_as you gave Tom yesterday？你能给我买一本和你昨天给汤姆的那本一样的书吗？1(教材P12)Can you find the following command and request from Reading? Lets see how to retell them in indirect speech.你能从阅读部分找到下列命令和请求的表达方式吗？我们看看如何把它们转述为间接引语。command n&vt.命令；指令；掌握(1)have a command of .了解/掌握under the command of sb. under sb.s command 由某人指挥；由某人控制be in command of 控制take command of 控制(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事Because of his years of hard work, he has a good command of French now.由于他数年勤奋学习，现在他的法语很好。She is in_command_of our class at present.她目前负责我们班。The police arrived and took_command_of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。The policeman commanded the thief to_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.The policeman commanded that the thief (should)_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.警察命令那个小偷上交他所偷的东西。request n&vt.请求；要求(1)at sb.s request at the request of sb.应某人的请求make a request for sth./that . 请求，要求(2)request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do . 要求The boy requested a cellphone from his parents.那个男孩向父母要一部手机。The tourist came up to the native, and made a request for his help.这位游客走向那位本地人，向他求助。Our headteacher requested us to_go (go) over our lessons.Our headteacher requested that we (should)_go (go) over our lessons.班主任要求我们复习功课。2(教材P13)When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called a dialect.当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。expression n词语；表示；表达；表情(1)beyond expression无法形容；表达不出without expression 毫无表情(2)express vt. 表达express oneself 表达自己的意见The view in my hometown is beautiful beyond expression.我家乡的景色美得无法形容。He looked at me without expression.他毫无表情地看着我。He is still unable to_express_himself in English.他仍旧不能用英语表达自己的意见。3(教材P13)Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与play a part in play a role in在扮演一个角色；在起作用play the part/role of . 扮演的角色As we all know, computers play an important part in modern society.众所周知，计算机在现代社会中起着重要的作用。She plays_an_active_part/role_in all kinds of activities held by school.她积极参与学校举行的各种各样的活动。In the film, he will play the part/role of a policeman.在这部电影里他将扮演一位警察的角色。4(教材P13)Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认(1)recognize sb./ones voice认出某人/听出某人的声音recognize sb./sth. as/to be 承认是recognize that . 承认(2)recognition n. 认出；认识beyond recognition 无法辨认Jack has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him.杰克变化这么大，以至于我几乎认不出他来。We recognize him to_be (be) a hardworking and honest person.我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。We have_to_recognize_that there are shortcomings in our work.我们不得不承认我们的工作中有缺点。1Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。there is no such . (as .)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像)这样的”。句中“no such单数名词”意为“没有这样的”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an单数名词”；as在此为介词。There is no such (not such a ) man in our company.我们的公司没有这样的人。It may help you to know that there_is_no_such_thing_as a perfect speech.它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。2This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。This/That is because .这/那是因为This/That is why . /那就是的原因。He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。You have made great progress in English. This is because you have improved your studying methods.你在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这是因为你改进了学习方法。Ive got a cold; that is why I wouldnt like to have a meal.我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。3So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。the same (.) as .和一样；与相同。As a matter of fact, I have the same trouble as you.事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。(1)the same . as .表示同类的事物(2)the same . that . 表示同一个事物This is the same book as Mr Li lost.这本书和李先生丢的书一样。(同类的书)This is the same book that Mr Li lost.这就是李先生丢的那本书。(同一本书).单句语法填空1In the company, we know that he is_recognized (recognize) as a strict leader.How do you like our city?It has changed beyond all recognition (recognize) in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of me.2We send messages to people around us through facial expressions (express) and body movements.The boy is old enough to_express (express) himself.3Having (have) a good command of English and computer science is of great help.The command was that the room (should)_be_cleaned (clean) at once.He is in command of the basketball team.The boss commanded me to_go (go) there at once.The boss commanded that I (should)_go (go) there at once.4The teacher made a request that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.The teacher requested that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.The teacher requested the students to_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.The students were_requested (request) to be well prepared for the coming exam last week.补全句子1Vinegar plays_an_important_part/role_in_helping us keep healthy.(play)醋在帮助我们保持健康方面起着重要作用。2There_is_no_such_man as you have described in our neighbourhood.(such)我们的居民区没有你描述的那样的人。3There are many fans crowded in the concert hall now. This_is_because their idol is to hold a concert here.(because)现在很多歌迷挤在音乐厅里。这是因为他们的偶像将在这里举办音乐会。4I bought the same book as_you_gave_to_her.我买了一本和你给她的一样的书。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1Would you be kind enough to explain the meaning of this expression (词语) to me?2Even today tobacco is grown along Americas Eastern (东部的) Coast.3The man spoke on the phone and I couldnt recognize (辨认出) his voice.4Judging by her accent (口音), she must be a southerner.5Thunder and lightning (闪电) are not caused by gods being angry.6Go straight (笔直地) down the road until you come to the English language school.7The hotel is not far from here. Just turn right at the end of the block (街区)8The cab (出租车) driver promised to get me to the meeting on time.9The bridge trembled when the heavy lorry (卡车) drove over it.10Most of the African (非洲的) countries have suffered from drought in recent years.单句改错1My father requested that I arrived home at dusk.arrivedarrive2Im in your command. What would you like me to do at present？inat3There is no such a word within my memory.去掉a或nonot4Telephones are playing the important part in our daily life.thean5He failed in the exam. That was why he didnt study hard.whybecause6They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life like you are.likeas.选词填空build up， take note of， play an important part in， from all over the world， the same . as， believe it or not1As we all know, cars play_an_important_part_in our life.2Heat may travel in the_same manner as light does.3After he recovered from illness, he tried to build_up his strength.4We should welcome friends from_all_over_the_world with a smile and be friendly to everyone.5Believe_it_or_not,_the little boy can lift the heavy box.6Take_note_of what I say and do not forget it.本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should be based on their own interests.2What on earth did you tell her? The expression (express) on her face suggested that she was more than angry.3I believe that you will be able to speak English fluently (fluent) in one month.4Teachers enrich (rich) their own knowledge while teaching their students.5Every minute should be made use of to_learn (learn) English well.6Women are_playing (play) a more and more important part in todays society they hold up half the sky.7As we all know, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.8As the strong winds blew down many tall trees, some of the streets in the city were_blocked (block).补全句子1After three years of study, she has_a_good_command_of_the_dialect here.经过三年的学习，她已经对这里的方言掌握得非常好。2There_is_no_such_thing_as “slimming” food in the world.世上根本就没有“减肥”食物这样的东西。3Even_though_I_have_studied_English_for_six_years,_I still have some difficulty in communicating with Americans.尽管我学了六年英语，我与美国人交流起来仍有困难。4He wouldnt like to go out; this_is_because_he_doesnt_feel_well.他不想出去，这是因为他觉得不舒服。5Tom is_more_than_my_neighbor. He is a good friend of mine as well.汤姆不仅是我的邻居，也是我的一个好朋友。6Because_of_the_bad_air,_we have got to stay indoors all day long these days.Because_the_air_is_bad,_we have got to stay indoors all day long these days.因为糟糕的空气，我们这些天不得不整天待在室内。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Lets have a look.People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people.My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些与衣服有关的英语习语。1What is this passage mainly about?AWhat pants mean in English.BSome special English expressions.CSome funny English expressions.DSome expressions related to clothes.解析：选D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文主要是介绍了一些关于衣服的英语习语。2Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous?AGet caught with ones pants down.BHave ants in ones pants.CWear the pants i