2019年高中英语Unit15LearningSectionⅣLesson2.docx

Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1drill n练习，训练2reputation n. 名誉，名声3obey vt. 服从，听从4outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的5misunderstand v. 误解6pour vt. 倒，灌7drag vt. 拖，拉.拓展词汇1conservative adj.保守的，旧式的conservatively adv.保守地，守旧地conserve vt.保护，保存2alternative adj.可选择的；非传统的；另类的alter v(使)改变，更改3punishment n惩罚，处罚punish vt.处罚，惩罚4reflect vt.反映；反射reflection n映象，反射5select vt.挑选selection n选择，挑选6lack vt.缺乏，没有lacking adj.不足的，缺乏的7access n(使用或见到的)机会，权利accessible adj.易接近的，可到达的8worthwhile adj.值得努力的worthless adj.无价值的，不值钱的1.obey vt.服从，听从反义disobey v违反，违抗，不顺从2reflect v反映；反射，映出；思考记法图片记忆：3accessible adj.易接近的，可到达的联想归纳ible结尾形容词sensible 明智的responsible 负责的terrible 可怕的 possible 可能的4misunderstand v误解联想归纳mis前缀单词mislead 误导 mistake 错误，弄错misdirect 误导 misinterpret 曲解mispronounce 发错音 misplace 放错地方miscount 数错 misguided 帮倒忙的5worthwhile adj.值得努力的联想“值得”点点记worth adj.值的 deserve v应受，应得worthy adj.值得的；有价值的6fellow n同伴，伙伴，家伙联想follow v跟随；追随二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.to a certain extent在某种程度上2put off 延期；推迟3be proud of . 为感到骄傲4be related to . 与有关5hand out 分发6contribute to 捐献；有助于7set up 创立，建立8take up 开始从事9set off 引发；使爆炸10add up to 共计11be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事12have access to 可以获得(接近)1.not necessarily不一定2in a bad mood 心情很糟糕3light a flame 点火4a willing student 一个积极肯学的学生5lack confidence in 缺乏信心6give a presentation to the class 给全班上一堂课7set up an experiment 做实验8ask for his opinion 问问他的意见9exchange student 交流生10study at their own pace 按自己的进度学习11reallife skills 现实生活中的技能12work on a huge assignment 做大量的工作三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Some schools teach how to pass tests so that the students can go to university.有些学校教授通过考试的方法以便学生能进入大学。“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作宾语；so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。Schools should teach their students how_to_conduct_themselves_so_that they can become good citizens in the future.学校应该教学生如何做人以便他们将来成为好公民。2.Whats up?怎么了？be up “从事，忙于”，该句型常用于口语中。You were an hour late this morning. Whats_up?今天早晨你迟到了半个小时，出了什么事？3.I hate to think what will become of my reputation as an excellent accountant!我不愿去想作为一名出色的会计，我的名声会怎样！What will become of .用于询问某人/物将来有可能发生什么情况，有何结果，此句型常用于口语。What_will_become_of_these_teenagers if they dont study, but play cards all the time? 这些青少年不学习，却成天玩牌，长此以往，他们会怎样？4.Once I caught him and a friend seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage!有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！catch sb. doing sth. “抓住某人正在做某事”。The police caught_him_stealing_a_car last night.昨晚，警察抓住他正在偷车。5.He was very bright and should have done much better in all his other subjects.格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。should have done表示 “本应该做某事，而实际未做”。I should_have_gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill. 今天早晨我本应该走的，但是我觉得有点不舒服。1(教材P38)What does “alternative education” mean?“非传统教育”指的是什么？alternative (1)adj.非传统的；另类的(反义词为traditional)The couple have an alternative lifestyle.那对夫妇的生活方式很另类。(2)adj.可供选择的；可供替代的The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。Do you have an_alternative_solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？(3)n.可供选择的事物To stay where I was is my only alternative.留在原地是我唯一的选择。 an alternative to . 的替代品I had no money, so I had no alternative but to_stay (stay) at home.我没有钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。His idea is an alternative to the orginal plan.他的主张是原定计划的备选。名师点津“别无选择只好做某事”还可表示为：cannot but do sth.; have no choice but to do sth.; cannot help but do sth.。2(教材P38)Our school motto reflects the importance we place on good manners, hard work and success.我们学校的箴言反映了我们对礼貌、努力学习和成功的重视。reflect vt.反射；反映vi.仔细考虑，思考(1)reflect sb./sth. (in sth.)(从某物中)映出某人/物的影像reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事(2)reflection n. 反映；反射；映像；思考on/upon reflection 经再三思考Her beautiful face and hair were reflected in the mirror.她漂亮的脸蛋和头发映现在镜子里。The start of a new year is a good time to reflect_on/upon the many achievements of the past. 新年伊始是反思过去一年诸多成就的好时机。This film is a real reflection (reflect) of the living conditions of people in the western region.这部电影真实地反映了西部人民的生活状况。3(教材P39)To a certain extent, youre right.在某种程度上，你是对的。to a certain extent在某种程度上to some extent在某种程度上to a great/large extent 在很大程度上to such an extent 达到如此程度to what extent . 在多大程度上to the extent that . 达到的程度Language is a reflection of a society to some extent.在某种程度上，语言反映了社会。To what extent did she influence your decision?她在多大程度上影响了你的决定？Violence increased to the extent that people were afraid to leave their homes.暴力不断升级，到了人们害怕离家的程度了。名师点津表示“在某种程度上”的短语还有：in some/a/one way, to some/a certain degree等。4(教材P40)I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火将火箭发射了出去。set off出发，动身；引爆，使爆炸；引发，激起写出下列句中set off的含义Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.引爆If you want to catch that train wed better set off for the station immediately.出发，动身Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling.引发，激起set up开办，建立set down 放下；记下；写下set out (to do) 动身；开始(做)set about (doing) 开始(做)；着手(做)set aside 把放到一边，不理会(2014陕西高考单选)Ralph WEmerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.拉尔夫W爱默生总是把他想到的一些新主意记下来。He sets about doing (do) his homework after supper every day.He sets out to_do (do) his homework after supper every day.每天晚饭后他开始做家庭作业。5(教材P40)I know that I wasnt a willing student and I shouldnt have been so difficult at school, but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.我知道上学时我不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。lack v& n缺乏，没有(1)lack (for) sth.缺乏某物(2)(a) lack of 缺乏for/through lack of 因缺乏(3)lacking adj. 缺乏的be lacking in . 缺少It may be a good report, but it seems to lack (for) facts. It may be a good report, but it seems to be_lacking_in facts. 这或许是个好报告，但事实似乎还不充分。More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for/through_lack_of space.因缺乏空间，大城市里已经建起了越来越多的高楼大厦。Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a)_lack_of_exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。名师点津(1) lack既可以作动词也可作名词。作及物动词时，后面直接跟宾语，作不及物动词时常接介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。(2)lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语。6(教材P40)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.作为一名老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。access n接近或进入之路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利(1)access to .通往的入口have/gain/get (no) access to 拥有/没有的机会或权利；(不)可以获得或接近(2)accessible adj. 可到达的；可接近的；可使用的；可进入的be accessible to sb.易于为某人所接近/进入/得到The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。We can have/gain/get_access_to various information we need through the screen.通过屏幕我们可以获得我们所需要的各种信息。It is reported that 30 percent of the world population have_no_access_to clean drinking water and health care.据报道，世界上30%的人无法获得干净的饮用水和医疗保健。Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible (access) to children.药品应放在孩子们够不着的地方。名师点津access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。7(教材P40)And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what Im doing is worthwhile.如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。worthwhile adj.值得努力的，值得做的；有意义的(可作定语或表语)I thought it was worthwhile to clarify/clarifying the matter.我认为有必要澄清事实。Sometimes I doubt whether its worthwhile to_study/studying (study) abroad for some Chinese students.有时我怀疑某些中国学生到国外学习是否值得。(1)be worth(2)be worthyIn my opinion, the book_is_well_worth_reading/worthy_of_being_read/worthy_to_be_read.依我看来，这本书很值得读。名师点津(1)表示“很值得做”要用副词well来修饰。(2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。1Some schools teach how to pass tests so that the students can go to university.有些学校教授通过考试的方法以便学生能进入大学。(1)so that在此处引导目的状语从句，意为“目的是，为了”，相当于in order that。so that引导目的状语从句时，常与can, could, be able to等词连用。We decide to hold a meeting so that we can discuss the matter.We decide to hold a meeting in_order_that we can dicuss the matter.我们决定开会来讨论这件事。He spoke aloud so_that he could be heard by the people at the back.他讲话声音很大，以便后面的人也能听到。(2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果；因此”。但作此用法时，一般不与can, could, be able to连用。Man has killed too many animals, so that there are fewer and fewer kinds of animals left.人类猎杀了过多的动物，结果动物的种类越来越少。2He was very bright and should have done much better in all his other subjects.格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。should have done意为“本来应该做”，是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设情况。(1)用于肯定句，表示“应该做某事却未做”。With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本来应该去参加聚会的。(2)用于否定句，表示“本不应该做某事却做了”。You should_not_have_gone_back_to_work yesterday without the doctors permission.你昨天没有得到医生的允许，本不应该回去工作的。(3)“情态动词have done”结构，表示对过去发生的事情的推测，或表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，含有责备、批评的意味。(1)must have done sth.肯定做过某事(2)may/might have done sth. 大概已经做了某事(3)neednt have done sth. 本来不必要做而做了某事(4)could have done sth. 本来可以做某事但却未做It must_have_rained last night, for the road is wet.路面是湿的，昨晚肯定下过雨。He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎地却落后了。.单句语法填空1If uncontrolled, the shortage would set off a new rise in meat prices.2Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.3Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done.4Reflecting on/upon her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.5You neednt have_told (tell) her the news, for I had told her about it earlier.完成句子1通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵经验，以便我能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。(2016全国卷书面表达)By doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so_that_I_can_better_adapt_to_the_development_and_changes_of_society.2在某种程度上，他们都对这起事故负有责任。To_a_certain_extent,_they are all responsible for the accident.3如果你坚持要求涨工资，那么除了辞退你我别无选择。If you insist on your demand for a pay raise, I shall have_no_alternative_but_to dismiss you.4读文学类图书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。(2014浙江高考书面表达)Its_worthwhile_reading/to_read literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1I thought he was her husband I must have misunderstood (误解)2Li Na is such an outstanding (杰出的) player that all of us love her.3Never put off doing your assignments (作业) until the last minute.4It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are reflected (反射) in the lake around which there are many trees.5Kate grabbed his arm and dragged (硬拉) him over to the window. 6Every student must obey (服从) the rules at school.7Although I poured (倒) it carefully, I still spilt some outside.8She has a very good reputation among her fellows (同事)9This city has been_selected (选作) as the site for the coming Olympic Games.10In many countries, it is considered rude to spit (吐痰) in public.单句语法填空1The chief editor had time to reflect on/upon his success and failure.2The book is completely lacking in creativity.3I caught her smoking (smoke) in the bathroom.4How could he set about preparing (prepare) the party when he was lying helpless in bed?5The victory set off the enthusiasm of the whole team.6I dont dare to think what will become of them if they lose their home.7They were threatened with punishment (punish) if they disobeyed.8Hes a bright kid and eager to_learn (learn)9Its generally believed that hard work contributes to good results.10Its worthwhile watching/to_watch (watch) a movie like this.完成句子1他很明智，不应该失去这样好的机会。He is very wise and shouldnt_have_missed_such_a_good_chance.2我丢了工作，别无选择只好待在家里。I lost my job and I had_no_alternative_but_to_stay_at_home.3如果战争爆发我们会怎样？What_will_become_of_us if the war breaks out?4我想知道您是否能给我一些如何学习英语的建议。I wonder if you could give me some advice on_how_to_learn_English.5他们动身早，以便能赶上早班车。They left early so_that/in_order_that_they_could_catch_the_early_bus.课文语法填空Graham Lawrence, now a TV presenter, is very grateful to his science teacher, Mr.Jenkins.He was a little 1.lazy (laziness), but very clever in the teachers eyes.Mr.Jenkins thought he 2.should_have_done (do) much better in all his subjects after Graham gave all his attention to the experimenthow the human stomach 3.works (work). Mr. Jenkins is proud 4.of him when he sees him on TV. He certainly wishes all his students would be 5.successful (success) just like Graham.In Grahams opinion, he wasnt a 6.willing (will) student because he lacked confidence in himself.It is Mr.Jenkins 7.who/that made everything interesting and gave him the chance to give a presentation to the class.Now when hes making 8.preparations (prepare) for a program, he often thinks about how Mr.Jenkins would have done it.The thing about being a teacher is that you have access 9.to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn. 10.It is worthwhile to turn a child like Graham into a successful adult.串点成篇微表达一些可疑的间谍引爆了(set off)一辆公共汽车上的几袋炸药(powder)并且倒了一些(pour)汽油。火焰(flame)引起了一场大火并使许多人死亡。人们建议(suggest)政府惩罚犯罪分子以便(so that)保护他们的安全。Some_suspected_spies_set_off_several_bags_of_powder_in_the_bus_and_poured_some_petrol.The_flame_caused_a_big_fire_and_many_deaths._People_suggested_that_their_government_(should)_punish_the_criminals_so_that_they_could_protect_peoples_safety.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解A few good grades could develop a positive attitude which could result in better grades down the line, a new study shows. The findings suggest that developing a positive, cando attitude about math can help students master the subject.Reinhard Pekrun, a psychologist at the University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues followed 3,425 German students from fifth through ninth grades. At the end of each year, the researchers asked the students whether they enjoyed it or if it angered or worried them. Students also were asked whether they took pride in their math achievements or felt ashamed. The scientists then compared the students reported feelings about math to their grades.It turns out that those feelings were linked with their math grades. The reverse (相反的情况) also was true. How kids felt about the subject in one year was linked to their math grades the next. Those who had gotten poor grades felt bad about math. And those who had dark emotions performed poorly. These associations between feelings and math grades showed up in both boys and girls. But girls were more likely to suffer from bad feelings about the subject. “The likely reason is gender stereotypes (有关性别的旧框框)，” Pekrun says. “Theres a stereotype that girls cant do math.” Thats not true. Large international studies show girls do just as well as boys in math.“It does a lot to tell us how emotions might predict grades over time, (and how) doing well, in turn, predicts the emotions youre experiencing，” says Lisa LinnenbrinkGarcia, a psychologist at Michigan State University in East Lansing. This is the first time that a study has shown that the feedback (反馈) between grades and emotions can go on for years.Teaching math isnt just about numbers and formulas (公式), Pekrun says. How students feel about those numbers whether they approach them with curiosity or fear, also matters. Teachers can help by teaching concepts clearly, of course. But they also can help by grading students based on how much they improve over time. And it helps if teachers themselves have positive feelings about math, Pekrun says.语篇解读：本文是说明文。研究发现，对数学抱良好的态度有利于提高数学成绩。1What does the text begin with?AThe results of the study.BThe purposes of the study.CThe processes of the study.DThe background of the study.解析：选A推理判断题。由第一段中的“a new study shows”和“The findings suggest that”可知，本文以研究的结果开头。2What can we know about the study?AIt lasted as long as about six years.BIt surveyed the students on math each year.CIt focused on the positive feelings about math.DIt ignored the effects of grades on students feelings.解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段中的“At the end of each year, the researchers asked the students whether they enjoyed it or if it angered or worried them. Students also were asked whether they took pride in their math achievements or felt ashamed.”可推知，每年研究者都要对学生在数学方面进行调查。3What may result in girls bad feelings about math according to Pekrun?ATheir bad academic performance.BTheir poor mathstudying abilities.CNo positive attitude toward studies.DMisunderstandi