2019年高中英语Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅡWarmingUp.docx

Section Warming Up & Reading-Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败2.expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加4.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光5.cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗6.challenge n. 挑战vt. 向挑战7.suspect vt. 认为；怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8.blame vt. 责备；谴责n. 过失；责备9.handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵10.link vt.& n. 连接；联系.拓展词汇1.scientific adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家2.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束3.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的4.pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染5.announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n公告；宣布announcer n播音员；宣告者1.painter n画家；油漆匠记法paint (v.给上油漆)er(表示“的人”)同义drawer n画家串记The painter is painting the door.这位油漆匠正在给门上油漆。2.physician n医生；内科医师联想doctor 医生； dentist 牙医词块see a doctor/dentist 看医生/牙医3.neighbourhood n附近；邻近记法neighbour (n.邻居)hood联想childhood n童年4.pump 名词动用 n泵；抽水机vt.(用泵)抽水联想“名词动用”的常见词集锦book n书v.预订seat n座位v.容纳back n背部v.支持 face n脸vt.面对head n头vi.前往5.foresee (原形)foresaw (过去式)foreseen (过去分词)规律ABC型联想“ABC型”不规则动词一览seesawseenhidehidhiddenwritewrotewrittenrideroderiddengivegavegiven6.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达attend (to) sb.care for sb.take care of sb. look after sb.二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.put_forward提出；推荐2draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3expose_._to 使显露；暴露4of_sb.s/sth.s_day 在某人/某物存在的时候5face_a_challenge 面临挑战6mark_._on_. 在上把标出来7be_to_blame 该受责备；应负责8look_into 调查9slow_down 减速；减缓10link_._to_. 将和联系或连接起来1.pass sth. from parents to their children父母传给子女某物2find supporting evidence 找到有力的证据3the research into a disease 对疾病的研究4a cloud of gas 一团气体5gather information 收集信息6make further investigations 做进一步调查7to prevent this from happening again 为了防止这种情况再次发生8an outbreak of cholera 霍乱爆发三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。neither .nor .“既不也不”。In autumn, its neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold.(2014天津高考标准范文)秋天，既不太热也不太冷。2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.因此，每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。every time “每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_she was absorbed in her research work.每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。3.In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。so . that .“如此以至于”；that引导结果状语从句。They look so_attractive_that I think you could be interested in the exhibition. (2017全国卷书面表达)它们看上去很有吸引力，我认为你可能会对这个展览感兴趣。4.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句中的谓语动词常常使用“(should)动词原形”。但表示“表明；暗示”时不用虚拟语气。My deskmates sleepy look suggested that he was_tired_of his study and I suggested he (should)_have_a_rest. 我的同桌困倦的表情表明他学习累了。我建议他休息一下。1(教材P1)Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？put forward写出下列句中put forward的含义Theyve put the date of their wedding forward by one week.提前She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting.提出You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.将(钟表)向前拨Can I put you forward as our club secretary？提名；推荐put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出；放一边put away 放好；存起来put off 延期；推迟put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put up with 容忍；忍受Encourage children to_put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。It has become a habit for some students to put_off their homework.(2015广东高考写作)对有些学生来说推迟他们的作业已成为一种习惯。2(教材P1)Draw a conclusion得出结论conclusion n结论；结束(1)draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion 总而言之(从中)推断出conclude sth. 以结束I concluded/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(2014山东高考写作)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。名师点津除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语。in shortin a wordin briefall in all to sum up briefly (speaking)on the whole3(教材P2)John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones defeated conventional PCs in sales. (2017江苏高考)仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世5年后，智能手机的销售量就打败了传统的个人电脑。She was a woman who hated to_admit_defeat. 她是个不愿服输的女人。辨析比较defeat, beat, windefeat击败，强调过程和结果宾语是对手beat打败；(连续)击打宾语是对手win赢得；获胜宾语是game或prize等Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess. He won only one set, while I won two sets.昨天和约翰下棋，我赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。4(教材P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加写出下列句中attend的含义The patients are well attended in the hospital.照顾；护理You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.出席；参加He told me that he had an important party to attend that night. 参加(1)vt.&vi.照顾；护理；专心；注意attend (to) sb.照料/关怀某人attend to sth. 处理/专心于某事There was no one to attend (to) him but Tina.除了蒂娜，再无人照顾他了。Attend_to your study and stop talking.专心学习，停止说话。(2)vt.出席；参加；定期去attend a meeting/wedding参加会议/婚礼attend school/church 去上学/去做礼拜He was invited to the party but he did not attend it.他被邀请参加那次聚会，但他没参加。5(教材P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验expose . to .使暴露于；使遭受be exposed to 暴露于；接触Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.If exposed_to_very_loud_music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句)Being_exposed_to_very_loud_music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf.(动名词作主语)如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。Travelling abroad exposes_children_to different languages and cultures.去国外旅行会使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。名师点津及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。Being exposed to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.暴露在强光下会对你的皮肤有害。6(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。cure nC治愈；痊愈；疗法 vt.治愈；治疗；改掉(坏习惯)a cure for sth.医治某种病的疗法cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯Researchers find cures for certain diseases often by using the forests plant and animal life. 研究人员通常通过利用森林动植物找出某些疾病的治疗方法。The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的失眠，这令他感到欣慰。名师点津常见的“动词sb.ofsth.”结构还有：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事7(教材P2)John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战(1)a challenge to .对的挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战meet the challenge of 面临的挑战(2)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 Exploring outer space is a challenge to mankind.探索外太空对人类来说是一项挑战。Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are_facing_new_challenges from the modern market. (2017江苏高考)很多享有几百年盛誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。Teaching young children is a challenging (challenge) and rewarding job.幼儿教育是一项具有挑战性和有益的工作。名师点津challenge本身已含“向；对”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。向某人挑战8(教材P2)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb . from .从中吸收absorb . into . 把吸收入absorb oneself inbe absorbed in专心于；全神贯注于Plants absorb carbon dioxide from air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。(2015福建高考书面表达)A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he_absorbed_himself_in_his_reading. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading.名师点津be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in .。类似的结构还有：be lost in .陷入；专心致志于be caught in . 被困在be buried in . 埋头于be devoted to . 致力于；专心于9(教材P2)John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰斯诺推测第二种理论是正确的，但他需要证据。suspect vt.怀疑；认为n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspect that .怀疑；觉得suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb. to be . 怀疑某人是She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and six had picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. (2017浙江高考)她怀疑三个女儿(那时分别为10岁，8岁和6岁)中的一个捡起了它，但是这些孩子都说没有。I suspect him to be a pickpocket.I suspect that_he_is_a_pickpocket.我怀疑他是个扒手。What made you suspect her of having taken the money?你凭什么怀疑钱是她拿的？名师点津与suspect相关的单词有：criminal罪犯murderer杀人犯robber劫匪；强盗 kidnapper 绑匪thief小偷10(教材P2)It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame(1)vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于be to blame (for sth.)(对坏事)负有责任；(因某事)应受责备blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎到某人身上Whenever he didnt perform well in his studies, she would blame him bitterly, expressing her disappointment in him.每当他在学习中做得不好时，她总会训斥他，表达对他的失望。Dont always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to_blame (blame)不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。(2)n.过失；责备bear/take the blame (for sth.) (对某事)承担责任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.如果发生那样的事，教练将对此负责。It is common that nowadays some students put the blame for their poor performance in study on their low IQ.如今，一些学生把他们的学习成绩不好归咎于他们的智商低，这很常见。11(教材P3)In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。link vt.&n.连接；联系；(因特网文件中的链接)link . to .将和联系或连接起来link up with 与联合；使与衔接Ive decided to block all the information from a friend, who constantly shares links to various health tips.我决定屏蔽一个朋友的所有信息，他总是不停地分享各种保健小贴士的链接。Fingerprints linked the suspect to the case.指纹使嫌疑犯与案件联系起来。They went on to the next town, where they linked_up_with the other party.他们继续赶路到了下一个城镇，在那里他们与另一个队伍会合。 12(教材P3)With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。announce vt.宣布；宣告(决定、计划等)；(尤指通过广播)通知(1)announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announce that . 宣布；通知It is/was announced that . 据宣布(2)announcement n. 通知；通告make an announcement 宣布；下通知(3)announcer n. 广播员；播音员He said the lucky woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.(2017全国卷)他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来，整个旅行也会在线分享。One day with a basket of vegetables, he announced_to_us_that he was going to cook a delicious dish. 一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。At the end of the meeting, it was_announced_that an agreement had been reached.会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。语境串记The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。名师点津动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。13(教材P3)The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。instruct vt.命令；指示；教导(1)instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事instruct sb. in (doing) sth. 指导某人(做)某事(2)instructive adj.指示性的；有教育意义的instruction n. (常用复数形式)用法说明；操作指南；指示；命令；讲授The students need a teacher to instruct them to_paint (paint)The students need a teacher to instruct them in painting.这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。Follow the instructions (instruct) on the packet carefully.仔细按照包装上的说明操作。1Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。(1)句中neither . nor .意为“既不也不”，可连接两个平行结构。This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.(2015北京高考)这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；它就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。(2)neither . nor .连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于与谓语最近的主语，即：就近原则。Neither my wife nor my parents were (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.我妻子和我父母都没能说服我女儿改变主意，最终她参加了这个比赛。名师点津连接并列成分作主语，符合就近原则的还有：either . or .或者或者not . but . 不是而是not only . but (also) . 不但而且Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。Not you but I am (be) to blame for the mistake.不是你而是我该为此错误受到责备。2So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.因此，每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。(1)every time用作连词，意为“每次”，引导时间状语从句。Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters.(2015北京高考)每次光线以新的速度进入某一物体，就会发生折射和散射。 Something is learned every time a book is opened.谚语开卷有益。(2)含有time的时间名词短语作连词的还有：each time(每次), (the) next time(下次), any time(随时), (the) last time(上次), the first time(第一次)。The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。You are welcome to come back any_time you want to.你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。3In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。(1)so . that .意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为：We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(2016北京高考书面表达)我们做得如此好，以至于我们被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。There was so_much_work to do that everybody got bored.有这么多的工作要做，人人都感到厌烦了。(2)such . that作“如此以至于”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句时，与so . that意思相同，但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，such . that的句型结构可分以下三种：He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.This is so_interesting_a_book that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。(3)当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。So difficult is the article that I can hardly understand it.这篇文章太难了，我几乎读不懂。.单句语法填空1So its safe to_conclude (conclude) that it is reasonable to include English which facilities daily communication.2Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.3His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits. I think he should cure him of them.4When linked (link) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to.5It was_announced (announce) that our team took the first place.6I tried to follow the instructions (instruct), but I got confused.7Wounds exposed (expose) to the air heal more quickly.8Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.9(2017天津高考)That year, I attended (attend) a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. 10They had_defeated (defeat) their enemies before they could get help.选词填空neither . nor .， take up a challenge， so . that .， every time， be exposed to， put forward， be absorbed in， be blamed for1Everyone is supposed to put_forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.2Neither he nor his parents are going to travel this holiday for they are all busy.3The managing director was_blamed_for the accident, although it was not really his fault.4He was so absorbed_in his work that he didnt notice a visitor came in.5Are you going to take_up_a_challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing?6Every_time I call on her, she is always busy writing.7Nowadays more and more people would like to live in the countryside.Yeah. Youd be_exposed_to a lot less pollution if you moved to a village with pure water and air.8Nowadays, shopping online is so popular that it has become a part of our life. 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1With the teacher instructing (指导) them, the students have made great progress in English.2I suggest that you should make friends with people having different characteristics (特征) or backgrounds.3We are taking steps to prevent air from being polluted (污染)4(2017全国卷)Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert (专家)5Mr. Wang is just one of the victims (受害者), from whose houses the thieves stole money and other valuables.6(2016全国卷)I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame (责备) for Millers accident. 7One of the challenges (挑战) he has accepted is to swim across the river.8(2017江苏高考)Then they identified begging calls by analyzing (分析) the order and number of notes. 9The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the scientific (科学的) farming.10He is good at handling (操纵) the huge calculating machine.单句改错1When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged to me to a race. 去掉第一个to2Please announce students that the holidays will begin next Monday.announce后加to3Always read the instruction on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.instructioninstructions4He ran such quickly that we all couldnt catch up with him.suchso5Neither he nor his parents has seen the film. hashave6I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public.去掉for7Absorb in his experiment, Newt