高三英语如何做好短文改错新课标人教版.ppt

许老师教你如何做短文改错,巧解短文改错,从2000年到2006年这六年NMET短文改错的选材特点看，材料内容贴近考生的实际生活，谈论的都是跟学生的学习和生活有关的话题，多以书信和日记的形式出现，似乎是“粗心的学生挥手写就的一篇习作“。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇，句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句。,材料特点,高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，分成10行，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，10行中一般只有一行全部正确，其他9行都存在错误。各种错误所占比例为,命题特点,1：3：6,1行正确； 3行缺词和多词； 6行需要找出错误并改正。,表2 NMET改错类型统计,2006各地测试重点,1）主谓一致 2）时态一致 3）名词的数与格的一致 4）代词中指代关系的一致 5）句式结构与语意的一致 6）行文逻辑关系的一致,1）词的分类知识： 2）构词法知识： 3）词的惯用法,1）错词更正 2）多词删除 3）缺词补漏,1.一致性问题,2.词的用法,3.改错项目,考查的重点主要集中在以下几个方面：,【解题指导】,（一）解题步骤,1浏览全文，掌握大意,2分句阅读，逐行找错,3由易到难, 各个击破,4检查核对，注意方法,（二）错误形式与改法,1改词（56个）：在文中该词下面划横线；在题号后横线上写出要改的词。 2 添词（12个）：在文中标上添词符号（）；在题号后横线上写出要添的词。 去掉（12个）：在文中用斜线划掉该词；在题号后写上要划掉的词，并也用斜线划掉。 4正确（1个）：在题号后横线上写出正确符号（）。,短文改错口诀：,动词形，名词数， 还要注意形和副； 非谓语，细辨别， 习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析， 逻辑错误须关注。,一、动词形,主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：,NMET98： My favourite sport is footballI was a member of our school football team NMET2000： Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. ,am,are,_,_,二、名词数,指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：,NMET2001： so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. ,subjects,_,三、还要注意形和副,注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。例如：,NMET95 ： Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. NMET99 ： Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. ,wonderful,Unfortunately,_,_,四、非谓语，细辨别,这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和ing形式两类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：,NMET97： in my spare time，but now I am interesting in football NMET98 ： Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also NMET2001： My parents love me and will do all they can make sure ,interested,Playing,to,_,_,五、习惯用法要记住,主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：,NMET96 ： It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and NMET98： We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves ,of,of,_,六、句子成分多分析,不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待于我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：,NMET96 ：They eager to know everything about China and NMET97： I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. ,were,which,_,七、逻辑错误须关注,与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：,NMET96： The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. NMET97 ： First，let me tell you something more about myself. NMET99： no way of setting the matter except by selling the set Now someone at home reads instead ,their,more,everyone,_,除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：,NMET2000： She was smiling but nodding at me NMET2001： It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. NMET2001： We may be one family and live under a same roof. ,and,or,the,_,_,_,下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了这些口诀。,Last week my parents and I took a twoday trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan As everyone knows， its famous 76 mountain with all kinds of plants and animals The weather 77 was fine It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. the mountain， the three of them were very excited As we 79 climbed the mountain， we fed monkeys， visiting temples 80 and told stories On the way up I was busy taking picture 81 since the scenery was so beautiful The time passes quickly. 82 Evening came down We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83 of the mountain The food was expensive and the service was 84 good I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85 head touched the pillow,a,（名词数）,when,（句子成分多分析）,us,（逻辑错误须关注）,visited,（非谓动词细辨别）,pictures,（名词数）,passed,（动词形）,down,（习惯用法要记住）,but,（逻辑错误须关注）,at,（句子成分多分析 习惯用法要记住）,_,_,_,_,_,Practice,请进入改错陷阱！,Challenge yourself !,I,我,爱,世,界,杯,you,are,my,best,friend,I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing. (99)一般现在时与一般过去时的错误,2.Last Sunday， police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York. （NMET92）一般现在时与一般过去时的错误,动词形常见错误,一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。 第三人称单数形式错用。 and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性） 主谓不一致。 缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词） 主动与态与被动语态错用 Used to 的运用错误,1.They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (NMET2001),2.Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.(NMET1998）,3.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (NMET96),非谓语动词常见的错误,1）不定式 2）动名词作主语、宾语 3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时） 4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。,1.We often watch football match on TV together.(NMET97),2.Ill get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001),3.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (NMET2002）,介词的错误,1.We practise for three times every week.(NMET98),2.And I cant forget the food you cooked for I.(NMET95),介词短语常常考， 固定搭配要记牢。 介词后边跟宾语， 结合语境细推敲。,1.Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.(NMET99),2.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(NMET99),1.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET98),1.人称代词的偷换错误,2. 缺少人称代词的错误,3. 人称代词数的一致问题,4. 人称代词格的一致问题,代词的错误,连词，冠词的错误,1.Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. (NMET96),2.It looks as if my parents treat