2017_2018学年高中英语Unit5Thepowerofnature单元检测试题含解析新人教版.docx

Unit 5 The power of nature.阅读理解AWe all know the feeling of walking into an air-conditioned office building on a hot summer day. Its 94 outside. Its 64 inside. Suddenly, you need a knit sweater just to sit at your desk. I know someone who used to bring a space heater to workin August.Aside from being uncomfortable, this is horrifically inefficient. The low hum of the air conditioner is the sound of coal being burned and money being spent to make you miserable at work. BuildingIQ is trying to change that. Their secret weapon? Machine learning.The company has developed cloud-based software that gathers information about a building and uses it to build a thermal model (热模型). That model can predict how much or how little energy is needed to keep the people inside comfortable by analyzing factors like indoor temperature and pressure, electricity consumption, the weather forecast, the price of electricity, and therefore tailors heating and air conditioning for maximum energy efficiency.Thanks to a recent cooperation, BuildingIQ will soon take human preferences into account. Changes to heating and air conditioning are always influenced by the limits of human comfort, and those limits vary from person to person. This data will be added into the thermal model. Imagine a retirement home where the occupants are always too cold. If the system knows this, it will reduce the air conditioning in the summer to keep grandma and grandpa nice and warm.How well does it work? BuildingIQ says it regularly saves between 10 and 25 percent on heating and air conditioning, the two items that make up 50 or 60 percent of a buildings total energy use. The software will help cut energy bills and improve comfort all while reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. It wont be long before you can leave your space heater at home.1. In Paragraph 1, the author intends to .A. complain about the coldness in air-conditioned officesB. describe the harmful effects of an unhealthy lifestyleC. criticize some peoples unawareness to save energyD. indicate the low efficiency of the old way of air conditioning2. According to the article, what does the “thermal model” do?A. Gathering information about a buildings history.B. Learning about machines that heat a building.C. Predicting the amount of air conditioning needed.D. Analyzing the physical fitness of people inside.3. The underlined word “tailor” can be best replaced by .A. limitB. adjustC. expandD. prevent4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A. BuildingIQ is going to be experimented at retirement homes.B. BuildingIQ will also analyze human temperature preferences.C. People have different preferences for temperature and comfort.D. The limits of human comfort vary and change at different ages.BRainforests, it turns out, are not created equal. Take the Amazon rainforest, an area that covers about 7 million square kilometers. But within that huge expanse are all kinds of ecological zones, and some of these zones, says Greg Asner, are a lot more crowded than others.“Some forests have many species of trees,” he said, “others have few. Many forests are unique from others in terms of their overall species composition” And all of these different small areas of forest exist within the giant space that is the Amazon Rainforest.So Asner, using the signature technique called airborne laser-guided imaging spectroscopy, began to map these different zones from the air. “By mapping the traits of tropical forests from above,” he explains, “we are, for the first time, able to understand how forest composition varies geographically.”The results show up in multicolored maps, with each color representing different kinds of species, different kinds of trees, the different kinds of chemical they are producing and using, and even the amount of biodiversity, the animal and plant species that live within each zone.Armed with this information, Asner says decision-makers now have “a first-time way to decide whether any given forest geography is protected well enough or not. If not, then new protections can be put in place to save a given forest from destruction.”Asner says the information is a great way for decision-makers to develop a “cost-benefit ratio type analysis.” Conservation efforts can be expensive, so armed with this information, government leaders can ensure they are making the most of their conservation dollars by focusing on areas that are the most biologically diverse or unique.The next step, Asner says, is to take his project global, and to put his eyes even higher in the sky, on orbital satellites. “The technique we developed and applied to map Peru is ready to go global.” Asner said. “We want to put the required instrumentation on an Earth-orbiting satellite, to map the planet every month, which will give the best possible view of how the worlds biodiversity is changing, and where to put much needed protections.5. Unequally-created rainforests refer to the fact_.A. how crowded they areB. where they are locatedC. when they came into beingD. what kinds of species they have6. What can government leaders learn from Asners mapping?A. The cost to conserve forestsB. The chemicals needing for certain forestsC. The forest areas needing special protectionD. The number of animals living in a forest7. What is Asner planning to do now?A. To send a satellite to map the worldB. To track the change of biodiversity in the worldC. To develop technology for mapping the globeD. To advertise his project around the world8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Using eyes in the sky to map biodiversityB. Making a map of big forests in the worldC. Learning about the biodiversity of Amazon forestD. Protecting the forest from being destructed.完形填空One day after school I was just finishing up some math homework. My dad came back from work and sat right beside me,1over my homework with me. We made corrections2. After that we3and my dad said,” I will always4every moment spending time talking with you”.I remember my Dad telling me his stories of when he was5. My dad didnt have a father6. He was always moving from place to place with my7. My dad wasnt the easiest kid to8. He would9with kids at school, which made my grandma worried. Hed act out to release the anger he had from not having his father present in his10and teenage years.At high school, things got a little11. He made a football team, he did well and didnt get into as much12as before. He also made many friends.13those friends was my uncle. My Dad and Uncle were friends all throughout high school. It was through my uncle14my Mom and Dad met15. Later, they got married. After I was born, my dad felt that becoming a16was an honor and that he would not be17in my life.I suddenly looked up to see my Dad18at me. I could see in my Dads eyes how he longed for a19like this. I continued to do my math homework and20my Dad say,” I love you, always”.1. A. takingB. lookingC. gettingD. handing2. A. equallyB. insteadC. togetherD. hardly3. A. thoughtB. plannedC. listenedD. talked4. A. wasteB. organizeC. treasureD. choose5. A. youngB. oldC. tiredD. poor6. A. growing upB. turning up C. settling downD. breaking away7. A. momB. uncleC. grandpaD. grandma8. A. connectB. handleC. changeD. recognize9. A. fightB. danceC. competeD. study10. A. struggling.B. travellingC. childhoodD. adulthood11. A. harderB. easierC. worseD. larger12. A. troubleB. debtC. sadnessD. anxiety13. A. BetweenB. Apart fromC. AmongD. As for14. A. whoB. whenC. howD. that15. A. practicallyB. officiallyC. especiallyD. entirely16. A. fatherB. motherC. fighterD. student17. A. presentB. differentC. absentD. strict18. A. glaringB. pointingC. aimingD. smiling19. A. appearanceB. relationshipC. backgroundD. behavior20. A. feltB. foundC. heardD. made. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。How long can a person live? How tall can a human being grow? The Guinness(吉尼斯)World Records book lists many of the greatest records1the greatest potentials(潜能). But its a fossil record. It speaks only to what has been done, not how much can2(do), which is why it has to be constantly updated(更新).Take the3(surprise )case of the British middle-distance runner Roger Bannister for example. In the 1950s, experts said4the human body could not run a mile in less than four minutes. Then Bannister came along in 1954 and proved it could5fact be run in 3:59. 4. Once Bannister broke the imaginary barrier, 6(sudden )the floodgates opened; scores of runners started besting(击败)the four-minute mark every year, each one7(fast) than the last. How fast does a human have the ability8(run)the mile today? We honestly dont know. That is why we hold our9(breathe )during every Olympics.All we know10(be)that this kind of change is possible. Keep this in mind the next time you feel stuck or challenged. Just because it hasnt been done before doesnt mean its impossible. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Recently, people were moved by a story taking the place in Thailand. It told about a girl whom had a quarrel with her mother and ran away from home. After several days, the girl walked into a restaurant in hungers. A man who was the cook invites her to sit down and then made some delicious food for him. The girl was very surprising. Then the cook told the girl that a woman took a photo and asked him whether he seen the girl. But the woman gave him some money to cook for the girl if she turned up. Until then the girl realized how greatly her mother was and she should be grateful on her. 书面表达假如你是遵义市某一中学高二学生李华，与在你市学习汉语的美国朋友Jack约好一起去公园滑冰，因家里有事不能赴约。请给他写封邮件表示歉意，说明不能赴约的原因并另约一个时间。注意：1. 词数100左右。2. 应适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_.阅读理解A【语篇解读】针对传统空调的低效使用问题，Building IQ公司研发了一种软件解决该问题。3. B【解析】词义猜测题。结合语境，热模型通过分析各种数据预测出使人舒适所以得空调量，因此可以调整加热和空调以使能源效率最大化，故选B项。4. B【解析】主旨大意题。结合文章第四段首句提到building IQ会将人的喜好也考虑在内，后面的内容具体叙说做法，故本段主题是building IQ会将人的喜好也考虑在内，选B项。B【语篇解读】一片热带雨林不同于其他地方主要在于各自区域内的树木物种不一样。Asner和其团队利用现代化科技监控全世界范围内森林区域生物多样性的变化，进行测绘。6. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Conservation efforts can be expensive, so armed with this information, government leaders can ensure they are making the most of their conservation dollars by focusing on areas that are the most biologically diverse or unique. 和倒数第一段中“Asner said. “We want to put the required instrumentation on an Earth-orbiting satellite, to map the planet every month, which will give the best possible view of how the worlds biodiversity is changing, and where to put much needed protections.”可知，某些森林区域需要特殊保护。故选C。7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段中“to put his eyes even higher in the sky, on orbital satellites. “The technique we developed and applied to map Peru is ready to go global.” Asner said. “We want to put the required instrumentation on an Earth-orbiting satellite, to map the planet every month, which will give the best possible view of how the worlds biodiversity is changing, and where to put much needed protections.”可知，Asner的下一步目标就是要更好地监控全世界范围内森林区域生物多样性的变化，进行测绘。故选B。8. A【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一片热带雨林不同于其他地方主要在于各自区域内的树木物种不一样。Asner和其团队利用现代化科技监控全世界范围内森林区域生物多样性的变化，进行测绘。故选A。.完形填空【语篇解读】作者的父亲因为在童年和青少年时期都没有父亲的陪伴，心灵造成很大的创伤。直到作者的父亲有一天自己当了父亲，继而倍加珍惜和作者在一起的幸福时光，珍惜做父亲的荣耀，深深地爱着儿子。1. B考查动词。句意：句意：我爸爸下班回来，坐在我的旁边，看着我的家庭作业。A. taking携带；采取；B. looking看；C. getting得到，到达；D. handing传递。故选B。2. C考查副词。根据后面内容可知，“我们”一起做更正。A. equally平等地；B. instead而不是；C. together一起；D. hardly几乎不。故选C。6. A考查动词短语。根据上下文可知，我爸爸从小就在没有父亲的环境中长大。A. growing up长大；B. turning up出现；调大；C. settling down定居；解决；D. breaking away脱离。故选A。7. D考查名词。根据后面的“which made my grandma worried.”可知，爸爸小时候总是跟随我奶奶从一个地方搬到另一个地方。A. mom妈妈；B. uncle叔叔；伯父；C. grandpa爷爷；D. grandma奶奶。故选D。8. B 考查动词。根据下文可知，爸爸小时候总是与孩子们在学校打架，不是很容易管理的孩子。A. connect联系；B. handle处理，管理；C. change改变；D. recognize辨认。故选B。9. A考查动词。根据下文可知，爸爸小时候总是与孩子们在学校打架，让奶奶很操心。A. fight打架；战斗；B. dance跳舞；C. compete竞争；D. study学习。故选A。10. C考查形容词。作者父亲给自己讲他小时候的故事，因为从小没有父亲，童年和少年时期常出去打架斗殴来发泄怒气。A. struggling奋斗的；B. traveling旅行的；C. childhood 童年；D. adulthood成年。故选C。11. B考查形容词。根据上下文可知，上高中后，事情变得容易顺畅了一些。A. harder更难的；B. easier更轻松的，更容易的；C. worse更恶化的；D. larger更大的。故选B。12. A考查名词。根据上下文可知，他没有像以前那样老是惹麻烦了。A. trouble麻烦；B. debt债务；C. sadness伤心；D. anxiety焦虑。故选A。13. C考查介词。根据上文，我父亲交了很多朋友，我的舅舅就是其中的一个。A. Between在两者之间；B. Apart from除了还；C. Among在当中（三者或以上）；D. As for至于。故选C。14. D考查强调句式。这是一个强调句型，强调了状语“through my uncle”。句意：正是通过我的舅舅，我的妈妈和爸爸正式见面了。强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that (who) +其它成分。故选D。15. B考查副词。句意：正是通过我的舅舅，我的妈妈和爸爸正式见面了。A. practically实际上；B. officially正式地；C. especially尤其地；D. entirely完全地。故选B。18. D考查动词。句意：我突然抬头，看到爸爸对我微笑着。这里表明了父亲对儿子的慈爱。A. glaring怒目而视；B. pointing指着；C. aiming瞄准；D. smiling微笑。故选D。19. B 考查名词。句意：我可以从爸爸的眼神中看到，他多么渴望这样的关系（父亲和儿子亲密在一起的关系）。A. appearance外表，出现；B. relationship关系；C. background背景；D. behavior行为。故选B。20. C考查动词。句意：我继续做我的数学作业，听到我爸爸说：我爱你，永远。A. felt感觉；B. found发现；C. heard听到；D. made制作；使得。故选C。. 语法填空【语篇解读】文章介绍了吉尼斯世界纪录这本书。1and考查连词。分析句意可知，“the greatest records”和“the greatest potentials”是并列关系。故填and。2be done考查被动语态。句意：这只是说到了，已经做过的事情，而不是说多少事情能被做，这就是为什么它必须不断更新。how much与do之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；情态动词can后面跟动词原形。故填be done。3surprising考查形容词。名词case是指事物的名词，所以用-ing结尾的形容词来修饰。故填surprising。4that考查连词。 said后面的宾语从句“the human body could not run a mile in less than four minutes.”中句子成分和结构完整，所以用that引起宾语从句。故填that。5in考查介词（固定搭配）。in fact是固定搭配，指“事实上”。故填in。6suddenly考查副词。修饰谓语动词opened应该用副词。故填suddenly。10is考查主谓一致。句子的主语是all