2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit4LivingPlanet学案重庆大学版.docx

Unit 4Living Planet一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.continentn大陆；陆地2.decaden. 十年3.risen. 上升4.observevt. 庆祝5.highlightvt. 突出；强调 6.decreasevi./vt. 减小；减少 7.eruptvi. (火山)喷发 8.releasevt. 释放9.signvi./vt. 签字n. 符号10.measurevi./vt. 测量；量11.tourismn. 游览，观光12.urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的urgencyn紧急，迫切13.depth n深(度); 深奥deepadj.&adv.深的；深深地deeplyadv.强烈地；深刻地14.relatively adv.相对地relativeadj.相对的n.亲戚relatevi./vt.联系，把和联系起来relationn关系relatedadj.相关的15.appreciation n欣赏；感谢appreciatevt.欣赏；感谢16.extremely adv.极端地；非常地extremeadj.极端的；极度的17.affect vt.影响；感动affectionn喜爱，感情18.reduction n减少；降低reducevt.减少；缩小19.explore vt./vi.探索；勘探explorationn探险explorern探险者1.It is reported that the new traffic rules contribute to the reduction (reduce) of the number of traffic accidents.2.The bride appreciated Sun Li at the wedding ceremony but this appreciation seemed not to be enough.(appreciate)3.Though my house is relatively small, I often invite my relatives or friends to dinner, which makes our relations improved greatly.(relative)4.Deeply affected by Janes story, I cant help conveying my deep affection to her. (affect)5.Many explorers came here to explore the mountain. Without doubt, its worth the exploration.(explore) 6.Under such extreme weather, the visitors met with extremely great difficulties in the process of reaching White Bird Canyon.(extreme)7.The lake is over 20 meters in depth. So we were all moved deeply by the man who dived deep into the lake to save the boy. (deep)1.聚焦serve结尾动词observe观察；遵守deserve 应受，值得conserve 保存；保守preserve 保存，保护reserve 保留；预订2.rupt结尾动词集合erupt火山喷发interrupt 打扰corrupt 腐败abrupt 唐突bankrupt 破产3.“出版，发行”说法多release v. 发布，推出publish v. 出版issue v. 发行，发布come out 出版，出现bring out 公布，出版4.后缀ism名词一览tourism旅游业criticism 批评realism 现实主义socialism 社会主义pessimism 悲观主义二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.at_least 至少 2.far_away 遥远；深远 3.be_covered_with/by 被所覆盖 4.make_up 形成、构成或组成某物 5.play_a_role_in_. 在方面起作用 6.keep_._from_. 阻止；抑制 7.block_out 遮住；挡住 8.carry_out 实施；实行；执行 9.be_made_up_of 由构成；组成 10.break_off 折断；脱落；突然停止 11.get/be_involved_in 涉及；参与 12.break_away 突然离开；脱离 13.sign_the_treaty 签订条约14.float_away_into 漂离到1.Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at_least ten different films over the past years.2.Which of the following food may play_a_role_in the balanced diet？3.We can put the potatoes in salted water to keep them from turning black.4.For those with family members far_away,_the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected.(2014福建高考单选)5.It had been snowing heavily, and the ground was_covered_with/by a thick layer of snow.1.at短语训练营at least/most至少/多at first 起初at last 最后at times 有时at once 马上at home 无拘束at present 目前2.make短语速记make up构成；化妆make sure 确保，证实make it 成功，达到make up for 弥补make a difference 有作用make sense 讲得通；有意义make up ones mind 做出决定三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.The distance from the North Pole to the equator is a little longer than that from the equator to the South Pole.从北极到赤道的距离比赤道到南极的距离要长一点。that指代与前面提到的相类似但不是同一个的事物。令黛拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又获得了同事的信任。(2013辽宁高考单选)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then that_of_her_colleagues.2.The flattening and swelling are too small to see. (两极的)扁平和(赤道的)凸出都太小无法察觉。too . to .意为“太而不能”。他太紧张了以至于在老师面前一句话也说不出来。He was_too_nervous_to_speak a word before the teacher.3. If you were in a rocket near the moon, you would not be able to see Mount Everest at all.如果你乘火箭到月球附近，你将无法看到珠穆朗玛峰。if条件从句表示对现在情况的虚拟。如果我是你，我就不会对她大喊大叫。If_I_were_you,_I would not shout at her.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1observe vt.庆祝；观察；注意到；遵守；评论高考佳句Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2014北京高考单选)当在实验室做实验的时候，要仔细观察是否发生变化。一词多义写出下列句中observe的含义The players agreed to observe the spirit of fair play in all of the games.遵守People of many western countries observe the Christmas Day.庆祝The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察I observed that several students were asleep.注意到(1)observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 observe that . 观察/注意到(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节She observed a man walking (walk) on the opposite of the way.她注意到有一个人在路的对面行走。名师指津observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式须带to。The thief was observed to_open (open) the window and run away.有人发现贼打开窗户逃跑了。 2. affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭教材原句Many things in nature, such as sunshine, temperature, and precipitation, affect climate.自然界中的许多事物，如阳光、温度、降水都影响气候。一词多义写出下列句中affect的含义The reader was deeply affected by his novel.感动His left lung is affected by cancer.(疾病)侵袭Once he has made up his mind, nothing can affect his decision.影响(1)be greatly/deeply affected by被深深打动be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧(2)affection n. 喜爱，钟爱have affection for 喜爱，钟爱(3)effect n. 作用；影响have an effect on 对产生影响A lack of exercise will leave your body weak, easily affected (affect) by disease. 缺乏锻炼造成你的身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。She said she had affection for her hometown.她说她对她的家乡有钟爱之情。3decrease vi./vt.减小；减少教材原句Sunspots may decrease precipitation on the earth and cause unusually dry periods.太阳黑子可能会减少地球上的降水，导致异常干燥的时期。(1)decrease to减少到decrease by 减少了(2)on the decrease 在减少(a) decrease in sth. 减少某物The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。The population in some western countries is on_the_decrease.一些西方国家的人口在下降。The clubs members decreased to two hundred.该俱乐部会员减少到了200人。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1They have a proper appreciation (appreciate) of his great ability.2The doctors have taped up (包扎) my swollen (swell) ankle. 3The area, measuring (measure) 5 kilometres by 3 kilometres, has been purchased by the army.4Some criminals are likely to offend again when they are_released (release)5Thinking it over for a while, she signed her name to the document. 6The new bridge should reduce the travelling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes.7Relatively_speaking_(相对而言), this matter is unimportant. 8The number of the students in our school has_decreased_to (已减少到) 1,200.重难点多练1observe面面观(1)句型转换The police observed the man enter the bank. (改为被动语态)The man was_observed_to_enter the bank by the police.She observed that the pond in her village was drying up.She observed the pond in her village drying_up.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段 当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人正在闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。 When we attend the parade to_observe_National_Day,_we must observe_the_traffic_rules. If we observe_someone_running_the_red_light,_we should stop him.2affect多棱镜(1)补全句子尽管发高烧，他仍然继续工作。Affected_with_high_fever,_he continued with his work.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。She was_deeply_affected_by the news of his death.(2)一句多译听众被深深地打动了，他们长时间热烈鼓掌。The audience were_deeply_affected,_and they warmly applauded for a long time.Deeply_affected,_the audience warmly applauded for a long time.(3)句型转换We want to know whether the drug affects peoples health.We want to know whether the drug has_an_effect_on peoples health.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出highlight的词性和词义(A)v.用强光照射；照亮(B)v.使显著，使突出；强调(C)v.用彩笔做标记 (D)n.最重要的部分1His speech highlighted the need for educational reform._B_2Several lit candles highlighted the faces._A_3Her performance was the highlight of the show._D_4Ive highlighted the important passage in yellow._C_第二板块短语句型归纳集释1keep . from . 阻止；抑制 教材原句They keep the polar regions from getting overly cold. 他们阻止极地地带变得过冷。(1)keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(from不可省略)(2)prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(from可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略)(3)protect sb. from (doing) sth.保护某人不受某物的侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)It is their duty to protect their friends from the enemy.保护朋友不受敌人的伤害是他们的责任。They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat (from) escaping (escape) from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。2be made up of 由构成；组成 教材原句Unlike the Arctic in the North, which is just made up of ice, Antarctica is an actual land mass.不像北部的北极，它只是由冰组成的，南极洲实际上是一块大陆。be made up ofbe composed ofconsist of由构成；组成make up 组成，构成；占(比例)；虚构，编造；弥补；整理；化妆This medical team is made up of (is_composed_of/consists_of) five doctors and ten nurses.这个医疗队由五名医生，十名护士组成。 Not only sunshine but also hard times make_up life.生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。3The flattening and swelling are too small to see.(两极的)扁平和(赤道的)凸出都太小无法察觉。句中使用了too .to .结构。该结构的具体用法如下：(1)tooadj./adv.to .表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”；它可以与not enough .to .或so .that .句式相互转换。The question is too difficult for him to_work_out.这个问题太难了，他解决不了。He is too young to go to school. He is not_old_enough_to go to school.He is so_young_that he cant go to school.他太小了，不能去上学。(2)tooadj.to .表示肯定意义， 其中too后主要接的是表示心情、情绪的词，如glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing等，意为“做某事太/非常”。He was too eager to_know (know) the result of his examination.他迫切想知道考试的结果。(3)cant .too .表示肯定意义，意为“无论怎样也不过分”。You cant_be_too_careful while crossing the street.过马路时你再怎么小心也不过分。.基础点全练1单句语法填空/补全句子I feel strongly that each of us should play a role in making the earth a better place to live in.A big tree blocked out the sunshine to my study.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than that in any other area of the city.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened (happen) yesterday.His parents tried to keep him from playing computer games, but in vain.If you are_involved_in (涉及) an accident, you are required to remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Onethird of the country is_covered_with (被所覆盖) trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 2运用所学短语完成片段I suggest you go on a diet or at_least (至少) stop eating too much fat meat and sweets. Since your home is not far_away (遥远) from the work office, you had better walk there every day. In order to carry_out (实施) your plan of losing weight, dont make_up (编造) any excuses. Besides, you may be/get_involved_in (参与) some proper sports activities, which play an important role in keeping_you_from (阻止你) getting too fat. .重难点多练1be made up of点点练(1)介词填空To cheer the little boy up, the teacher made up a story.The exploring team is made up of five American people.A sentence is composed of several words put together.(2)一句多译委员会由教授和工程师组成。The committee is_composed_of professors and engineers.The committee is_made_up_of professors and engineers.The committee consists_of professors and engineers.2too . to全方位(1)句型转换Im afraid Im not wise enough to follow your argument. Im afraid Im too_stupid_to follow your argument. You must be very careful when you do your homework.You cant_be_too_careful when you do your homework.It was too cold for us to go shopping.It was so_cold_that we couldnt go shopping. (2)一句多译她看小说看得太专注了，没注意到老师的到来。She_was_too_absorbed_in_reading_novels_to_notice_the_coming_of_the_teacher. (too . to .)She_was_so_absorbed_in_reading_novels_that_she_didnt_notice_the_coming_of_the_teacher. (so . that .)课堂练牢基础.单句语法填空1They are a teenager band made (make) up of four cool boys.2The prisoner broke away from his guards on the way to prison.3The visitors were extremely (extreme) tired when they reached White Bird Canyon.4When passing by, I observed a tall man going (go) into the office.5Jimmy only played a minor role in the opera.6Tom told his story, breaking off now and then to wipe the tears from his eyes.7Some animals, in order to keep themselves from being_attacked (attack) by the enemies, go out for food at night.8Compared with last year, our coal output has decreased by 20%.9I cant go out with you tonight because I have something urgent (urgency) to deal with.10With the governments aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.单句改错1Although they graduated from the old school many years ago, they still have affection on it.onfor2He was an allround genius. Nothing was so difficult for him to learn.sotoo3The climate of Guangzhou is much better than one of Lanzhou.onethat4If I was you, I wouldnt accept her advice.waswere5He made up of an excuse to explain why he was late.去掉of6The table measured one and a half metres wide should be removed from this room.measuredmeasuring.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Dear Chris，Im Li Jin, and I know you will come to our school as an exchange student. Though your hometown is far_away (遥远) from here, you are sure to get used to living here. Our school lies in Tianjin City. The number of the students in our school has increased by 30% in the past ten years. In autumn, we usually celebrate the MidAutumn Day. In winter, the ground is_covered_with (被所覆盖) some snow sometimes. People here like the food made of wheat flour. But you can easily find western fast food. I dont believe it can have an effect on your life. Lastly, it is about our class, which consists of twentyone boys and twenty girls. We have at_least (至少) nine subjects, such as Chinese, math, English, music and so on. Im afraid you will be so busy with your homework that you have no time to go sightseeing. I hope you can get/be_involved_in (参与) some free activities with us, which can not only enrich your life but build up your body.If I were you, I wouldnt worry about anything.We are looking forward to your coming soon.Yours，Li Jin(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)ten yearsdecade(2)celebrateobserve(3)have an effect onaffect(4)consists ofis_made_up_of2按要求改写句式(1)用“too . to”句式改写句Im_afraid_you_will_be_too_busy_with_your_homework_to_have_any_time_to_go_sightseeing._(2)把句改为倒装句Were_I_you,_I_wouldnt_worry_about_anything.课下练熟高考阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：20分钟)A(2017江西重点中学盟校第一次联考)Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to ScienceDaily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of todays familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in todays world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake. Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesnt matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. Whats more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。1What is the major function of Paragraph 1?ATo arouse the readers concern.BTo introduce the theme of the whole passage.CTo summarize the whole passage.DTo state how climate changes.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，最新研究数据表明，即将到来的世界气候的巨大变化将严重影响社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。2What is the authors purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?ATo show major changes will take place on the planet.BTo remind people to prevent future earthquakes.CTo show the damage earthquakes caused.DTo tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球已有发生重大变化的迹象。故选A项。3Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes effects?AAnimal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.BIt could lead to the spread of diseases.CCurrent world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.DNatural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that . completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项表述错误。故选C项。4What can be inferred from the passage?AAnimals and plants wont die out as long as climate changes slowly. BTheres enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.CThe world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.DThe earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However, other planets . there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。B(2017甘肃省高三第一次诊断)College is not just about studying, writing essays and burning the midnight oil in the library. Making friends and enjoying yourself is also nece