2018版高考英语复习攻略Unit4Sharing限时规范特训新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Sharing.阅读理解(建议用时16)A2016江苏高考Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.篇章导读：本文是一篇研究报告。科学家通过比较黑猩猩和小孩子的行为得出结论，黑猩猩很自私，而很小的孩子就会帮助别人，与人合作和分享，这是人的本性。1What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?AChimps seldom care about others interests.BChimps tend to provide food for their children.CChimps like to take in their neighbors food.DChimps naturally share food with each other.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知，黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。其中C项干扰性较大，黑猩猩只是自私，而不是喜欢那么做。2Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they _.Ahave the instinct to help othersBknow how to offer help to adultsCknow the world better than chimpsDtrust adults with their hands full答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知，小孩帮助他人是出于本能。故A项正确。B项太片面；C、D两项文中没提到。3The passage is mainly about _.Athe helping behaviors of young childrenBways to train childrens shared intentionalityCcooperation as a distinctive human natureDthe development of intelligence in children答案：C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行的实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大，文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。1minimum adj. 最低的；最小的2decline vt. 谢绝；婉言拒绝；下降；衰退3cooperative adj. 合作的；同心协力的4unrelated adj. 无关联的；不相关的5considerably adv. 很；非常；相当多地1no better than 与(几乎)一样；和(几乎)一样坏2intend to do 打算做BChildrens lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years. But do they have a happier childhood than you or I did?Its difficult to look back on ones own childhood without some element of nostalgia (怀旧的). I have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them, playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploring the nearby woods. My parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure. These days, in the UK at least, the nature of childhood has changed dramatically. Firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children. It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isnt time to bring up a large family, or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child. As a result, todays boys and girls spend much of their time alone. Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home, inside. More than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers, so they wouldnt dream of letting their children play outside by themselves. Finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different. Computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood. The irony (令人啼笑皆非的事情) is that so many ways of playing games are called “interactive”. The fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than I had? I personally believe that they do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same.篇章导读：本文回顾了50年以来儿童生活发生的变化，辩证地比较了当前儿童的生活与过去儿童生活上的差异。4What is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph?ATo get peoples attention and lead in the topic.BTo gather peoples opinions on childhood.CTo show who the passage is written for.DTo compare the childhood lives of two generations.答案：A推理判断题。根据下文讲述的内容可知，第一段提出的问题主要是引起人们的注意并导入话题。5Which is NOT a reason for the changes?AFamilies are smaller today.BParents worried too much about their children.CToys can be played by children alone at home.DIts too dangerous to play outside.答案：B细节理解题。利用排除法，根据第三段“Firstly, families are smaller，”“.more than they used to about real or imagined dangers.”以及第四段第一句中“the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different.”可知，A、C、D均是童年生活发生改变的原因，而B项中的内容并非是导致童年生活改变的原因。6What has the writer focused on in the fourth paragraph? AYoung people today shouldnt play electronic games.BSome games that young people play today arent really good.CComputer and video games have replaced the board games.DBoard games are much more interesting than computer games.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The irony is that so many ways of playing games are called interactive. The fact that you can play.increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.”可知，作者认为如今青少年玩的一些游戏真的不太好。故选B。7The writers attitude towards the childhood changing is _.Aapproving B.unconcernedCobjectiveD.optimistic答案：C推理判断题。本文在论述童年生活上的变化时，均是很客观地列举事例来证明。故选C。1explore vt. 探索；探测2severe adj. 严峻的；严厉的3afford vt. 担负得起；足以买得起4replace vt. 取代；代替5relaxing adj. 轻松的；放松的1bring up 养育；培养；呕吐；提出2a huge amount of 大量的(修饰不可数名词).七选五(建议用时7)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientists and educators in the US and China say its important to introduce very young children to new technologies. _1_ They say that with the right approach, children learn not to be frightened of abstract thinking.Even before children learn to read and write, they can manipulatemove and control images. _2_Mitchel Resnick is codeveloper of a codelearning program called Scratch Jr. He says that is exactly what programming is all about. “Each block tells the character what to do. You snap the blocks together, and youve made a computer program. _3_ This block make the cat go to the right. This one makes the cat jump. By snapping them together I make a computer program that makes it move and then jump.”Parents decide how much time their children can spend using modern technology. But Sandra Calvert, director of the Childrens Digital Media Center at Georgetown University, says its all around us. “_4_ Just as its a worry that there may be too much screen time, there is also a concern that our children will be left behind if they dont know how to use the technologies that are going to shape the 21st century careers, jobs and how we are going to succeed as a nation.”Children between the ages of 4 and 15 use tools and machines at socalled “maker spaces” in Beijing. The maker space basically serves as an openaccess workshop. _5_ The young people are part of the socalled“maker movement，”a doityourself community connecting people who like to make things with their hands.AThere, children use tools and machines like 3D printers to create and build projects.BEach block has a different behavior.CComputer scientists perform lots of research in computer theory and systems.DThey advise developing skills from computer programming to designing electronic circuits.ETablet computers with touchsensitive screens are perfect for lining up simple commands.FThe education and development of our children are extremely important.GWe live in the digital age.篇章导读：本文介绍的是让小孩子尽早了解新科技，可以使孩子们不会对抽象思维感到恐惧。1D上文介绍的是中美科学家及教育家的观点，下文介绍的是尽早了解新科技带来的好处，故该空应是他们提出的建议。2E根据上文中的“move and control images”可知，此空应填写的内容与执行命令有关系。E项中的lining up simple commands符合语境。故选E。3B根据上下文中的关键词Each block，blocks及This block可知，答案是B。4G根据下文中“.that there may be too much screen time.”可知，答案是G(我们生活在数码时代)。5A根据上文“The maker space basically serves as an openaccess workshop.”可知，A项中的there为关键词。.语法填空(建议用时8)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。2017成都龙泉高三测试An old proverb says, “Friends are like wine; the older, the better.” So, nowadays many people consider old friends to be _1_ (important) than new friends. For example, if two pieces of advice are given to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from _2_ old friend, people always tend to adapt the latter one, _3_ the new friends advice may be better._4_ (disagree) with the old proverb, I believe that new friends are not _5_ (necessary) worse than old friends. Why? Because the _6_ (long) of time cannot determine whether your friendship is better or not.Once you call someone friend, he must be a reliable person, _7_ interests are in common with _8_ (you). As time goes by, a friends outside look may change, but the inside characters of him and his interests _9_ (change). It is just these unchangeable characters and interests that make him a friend to you. _10_， on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new friends.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本篇为议论文。俗话说，朋友似酒，愈久弥香。可作者却提出了这样的观点，他认为新朋友并不比老朋友差。1more important考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的than可知，应用形容词的比较级。2an考查不定冠词。由空格前的“a new friend”可知，此处也应用不定冠词，表泛指。3though/although考查连词。由句意“虽然新朋友的建议可能更好，可人们总是倾向于采纳后者(老朋友)的建议”可知，应该填though或although。4Disagreeing考查分词作状语。因disagree与逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系，且表示主动含义因此用现在分词。5necessarily考查副词。此处副词修饰形容词worse。6length考查名词。定冠词the之后应跟名词length，介词短语of time是length的后置定语。the length of time “时间的长度”。7who