研究生英语综合教程下Unit4(P).ppt

高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（下） INTEGRATED COURSE,2,Unit 4,Science and Technology,Content,Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project,Task 1 Work in groups and solve the following crossword puzzle involving words describing things that have emerged in recent years with the improvement of science and technology, e.g. email, surfing the Net, search engine, cell phone, etc.,Starting out,Across 2. a science which involves developing and making extremely small but very powerful machines 4. to post a reply in order to raise the threads profile by returning it to the top of the list of active threads 5. to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells 9. someone who secretly uses or changes the information in other peoples computer systems 10. GM food refers to _ modified food which is not affected by particular diseases or harmful insects. 13. A _ potato is someone who spends most of their time surfing the net. 15. email messages that a computer user has not asked for and does not want to read, for example from someone who is advertising something 16. a business that sells products or services on the Internet, instead of in a shop 17. a virtual pet in the form of an interactive program 19. the opposite of cyberspace or the virtual world of the Internet 20. education via the Internet; e-education,Down 1. keyboard characters used in combination to produce whimsical symbols representing a range of emotions, also known as smiley 3. online romance 6. teenagers who spend too much time in front of the screen (television or computer screens) 7. a knowledgeable and experienced Internet user 8. move information or programs from a computer network to a small computer 11. an activity performed on Internet forums or chat rooms that involves wandering the website, reading posts and never actually posting anything 12. the user (or employee) of the forum which is granted access to the posts for the purpose of moderating discussion on the Internet 14. someone who has just started doing something, especially using the Internet or computers 18. China and India will soon have far larger numbers of _(s) than any Western nation.,Task 2 Step One Directions: Work in pairs to match inventors in Column A with inventions in Column B. (P96),Starting out,1) Tim Berners-Lee (England) 2) Alexander Graham Bell (US, born in Scotland) 3) Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright (US) 4) Thomas Alva Edison (US) 5) Cai Lun (China) 6) Alexander Fleming (England) 7) Leo Baekeland (US, born in Belgium) 8) Chester Floyd Carlson (US) 9) Wilhelm Conrad von Rntgen (Germany) 10) Willis Carrier (US) ,Starting out,g. the World Wide Web,d. telephone,i. airplane,h. electric light bulb,c. paper,a. penicillin,e. plastics,j. xerography,b. X-ray,f. air-conditioner,Is Google Making Us Stupid?,Reading Focus,Reading Focus,Task 1 Complete the following extract with information from the text. Over the past few years, Ive had an 1) _ feeling that Im not thinking the way I used to think, particularly when I am 2) _. In the past, I would be able to 3) _ myself in lengthy articles. But, it is a different story now. It has become an exacting thing for me to do some 4) _ reading. This, I think, can be attributed to a universal medium the Net, which provides immediate 5) _ to such an incredibly rich store of information. Reliance on the Net leads to the gradual loss of my capacity for 6) _ and contemplation. Similar troubles with reading also fall upon other people,Reading Focus Global Understanding,uncomfortable,reading,immerse,deep,access,concentration,including Scott Karp, who recently confessed that he has 7) _ reading books altogether, and Bruce Friedman, who claimed that the Internet has 8) _ his mental habits. A recently published study of online research habits also points to the 9) _ in the way we read and think. Although the Internet and text-messaging on cell phones facilitate our reading, its a 10) _ kind of reading. According to Maryanne Wolf, a developmental psychologist at Tufts University, we tend to become “mere 11) _ of information” while reading online.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,stopped,altered,change,different,decoders,As a consequence, our ability to interpret and make rich mental connections remains tremendously 12) _. Another good case in point, illustrating the point that 13) _ extend across many regions of the brain when we apply different media, is Friedrich Nietzsche. When his vision was failing and it was tough for him to keep his eyes focused on a page, he bought a typewriter, with which 14) _ could once again flow from his mind to the page. But, as one of Nietzsches friends claimed, it made Nietzsches terse prose even 15) _ and more telegraphic.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,disengaged,variations,words,tighter,Task 2,Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P103),Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,D,A,B,D,A,C,B,C,Reading Focus Detailed Information,Critical Thinking,Reading Focus,Read the following sentences from the text and discuss with your group members how you understand them and whether you agree with them. Use examples to illustrate your point.,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,1. “We are not only what we read,” says Maryanne Wolf. “We are how we read.” 2. When we read online, she says, we tend to become “mere decoders of information.”,Read the following sentences or questions and discuss with your partner whether you have the same problems and if you have, how you will cope with these problems.,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,1. The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing. 2. People using the sites exhibited “a form of skimming activity,” hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source theyd already visited. 3. “I cant read War and Peace anymore,” he admitted. “Ive lost the ability to do that. Even a blog post of more than three or four paragraphs is too much to absorb. I skim it.”,Discuss in groups the following questions People can gain easy access to virtually all the information on the Internet, including e-books, which acts as a catalyst for the debate as to whether to abandon or strengthen the copyright of books. In your opinion, how should the issue of copyright be dealt with?,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,audi- audio-: of hearing audible：可听见的 audience：听众 audition：试听，听力 auditor：听者 auditorium：会堂，礼堂 auditory：听觉的 audiovisual：视听 audio frequency：音频,Reading Focus Vocabulary,Consort: v. consort with 1. pass time on the company of :陪伴，结交，交往 Dont consort with criminals. 2. be in harmony with:协调，一致 His action does not consort with his speaking.,Decode: de-:reverse, opposite decolonize: 使脱离殖民地 decompress：减压 decontrol：解除控制 decompose：分解 defrost：除霜,Fidget: v. n. v. fidget (about) (with): make sb. nervous The boy was fidgeting (about) with his knife and fork. n. 1. fidgeting movement Having to sit still for a long time often gives small children the fidgets. 2. person who fidgets What a fidget you are!,Over the past few years Ive had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neural circuitry, reprogramming the memory. (Para. 1) tinker withat: work in inexpert way Please dont tinker with my car engine. 翻译： 在过去的几年里，我老有一种不祥之感，觉的有什么人，或什么东西，一直在我脑子里鼓捣个不停，重绘我的脑电图，重写我的脑内存。,Reading Focus Language Point,My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. (Para. 1) get caught up: get involved in I didnt want to get caught up in endless petty arguments. stroll: quiet, unhurried walk After supper he often strolls with his wife. 翻译： 我的思维沉浸在叙述或不同的观点中，我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。,If you describe something as a godsend, you are emphasizing that it helps you very much. e.g. 1) The hot weather has been a godsend for ice- cream sellers. 2) It was a godsend to have him there just when we needed someone. 翻译： 对作家而言，网络就象天上掉下来的聚宝盆。,Reading Focus Language Point,3. The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. (Para. 2),4. A few Google searches, some quick clicks on hyperlinks, and Ive got the telltale fact or pithy quote I was after. (Para. 2) If you are after somebody or something, you are looking for somebody or something. e.g. 1) That boys always in troublethe police are after him again. 2) “Were you after anything in particular?” “No, were just looking.” 翻译： 稍微在“谷歌” 上搜索几下，快速点开几个链接，就可以找到我所需要的事实或者精练的引证。,Reading Focus Language Point,5. “The perfect recall of silicon memory,” Wireds Clive Thompson has written, “can be an enormous boon to thinking.” but that boon comes at a price. (Para. 3) boon: n. sth that is useful The bus is a real boon to people in the village. at a price: at the cost He sold the old house at a good price. He lost his independence to pay for peace, its at a high price. 翻译： “硅存储器的完美记忆性对于思想来说是一个大实惠。” 但是，这个实惠是要付出代价的。,6. And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away at my capacity for concentration and contemplation. My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles. (Para. 3) chip away at : destroy Fears about the future chipped away at her sense of well-being. take in : absorb, understand They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder? We need more time to take in the situation, form a correct idea of it. 翻译： 网络似乎粉碎了我专注与沉思的能力。如今，我的大脑就盼着以网络提供信息的方式来获取信息：飞快的微粒运动。,7. Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski. (Para. 3) These two sentences imply that I used to have a liking for deep reading whereas I tend to skim and scan for information while reading now. 翻译：曾经我是文字海洋中的潜水者，现在我则象是摩托艇骑手在海面上风驰电掣。,Reading Focus Language Point,8. “What happened?” He speculates on the answer: “What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e. Im just seeking convenience, but because the way I THINK has changed?” (Para. 4) “not so much because , but because” means 并不是因为，而是因为，与其说 不如说. speculate 1) speculate (on/about something)/ that/ wh- e.g. There was no point _ _ (猜测他们是否会一起 回来). 2) speculate in/ on something e.g. He likes to speculate on the stock market. 翻译：如果对我来说，通过网络来阅读的真正理由与其说是我的阅读方式发生了改变，比如，我只是图个方便，不如说是我的思维方式在发生变化，那么我该怎么办呢？,speculating about the possibility of them getting back together,Reading Focus Language Point,9. A pathologist who has long been on the faculty of the University of Michigan Medical School, Friedman elaborated on his comment in a telephone conversation with me. (Para. 5) If somebody is on the faculty of a particular college or university, he or she works in it. However, “faculty” has other meanings as follows. 1) How can the faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity? 2) the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 3) She is over eighty but still has all her faculties. ,Reading Focus Language Point,all the teachers,department,be able to speak, hear, see, understand, etc,elaborate (v.): to give more details or new information about something e.g. 1) He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further. 2) They refused to elaborate on the reasons for their decision. elaborate(adj.) 1) very complex e.g. an elaborate research project 2) carefully planned and organized in great detail e.g. She had prepared a very elaborate meal.,Reading Focus Language Point,10. His thinking, he said, has taken on a staccato quality, reflecting the way he quickly scans short passages of text from many sources online. (Para. 5) take on: 1) undertake He takes on heavy responsibility. 2)assume, put on The garden takes on a sunlit and enchanting scene of spring. 翻译： 他说，由于上网浏览文章的习惯，他的思维呈现出一种“碎读”特征。,11. But a recently published study of online research habits, conducted by scholars from University College London, suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea change in the way we read and think. (Para. 6) “ may well be in the midst of a sea change” means “ are very likely to undergo dramatic changes”. 翻译： 研究表明我们已经已经彻底置身于阅读与思考方式的巨变之中。,Reading Focus Language Point,12. Thanks to the ubiquity of text on the Internet, not to mention the popularity of text-messaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s, when television was our medium of choice. (Para. 7) thanks to:as the result of,owing to Thanks to your help we were successful. not to mention:without mentioning Were too busy to take a long holiday,not to mention the fact that we cant afford it. Dont mention it: youre welcome 参考译文： 多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。,Reading Focus Language Point,13.We can expect as well that the circuits woven by our use of the Net will be different from those woven by our reading of books and other printed works. 翻译： 我们可以预料，使用网络阅读形成的思维，一定也和通过阅读书籍及其他印刷品形成的思维不一样。,14. His vision was failing, and keeping his eyes focused on a page had become exhausting and painful, often bringing on crushing headaches. (Para. 9) Here, “failing” is an adjective, meaning “no longer strong or healthy”. e.g. government money wasted on failing industries “bringing on crushing headaches” is used to modify the previous sentence as an attributive. “bring on” here means “make something bad or unpleasant happen”. e.g. Stress can bring on an asthma attack. 翻译：他的视力下降的厉害，长时间盯着一张纸会另他感觉疲惫、疼痛，还常常引起剧烈的头疼。,Reading Focus Language Point,15. His already terse prose had become even tighter, more telegraphic. (Para. 10) This sentence implies that his prose had become even more concise and terse. 翻译：他那已经十分简练的行文变得更紧凑、更电文式了。,Reading Focus Language Point,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,Task 1 Step One Column A is a list of words from the passage. Find a word or phrase in Column B which is similar in meaning to each of the words in Column A. (P106),i,f,a,b,h,j,c,e,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,d,g,Step Two,1) The children get _ if they have nothing to do. 2) The shipyard has been dealt another _ blow with the failure to win this contract.,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from Column A above. Change the form if necessary. (P.106),fidgety,crushing,applaud definitive curtail duly forage pithy propel ubiquity fidgety crushing,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,3) His _ advice to young painters was, Above all, keep your colors fresh. 4) It is important to note that _ for information does not equate to aimless “surfing.” 5) The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a(n) _ answer. 6) His addiction to drugs _ him towards a life of crime.,pithy,foraging,definitive,propelled,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,applaud definitive curtail duly forage pithy propel ubiquity fidgety crushing,7) On the triumphant return home, the captain, Brian Robson, was _ for sticking to his guns. 8) The _ of advertising is not being driven by corporations searching for new ways to sell products but by media searching for new ways to make money. 9) Here are your travel documents, all _ signed. 10) By the same token, reduced military budgets would force the government to _ its foreign invo