语法：词类和句子成分sunny.ppt

语法：词类和句子成分,sunny,句子成分,根据词的形式，意义及其在句子中的功用，可将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有七种：,主语，谓语，宾语，表语， 补语，定语，状语,主语subject,它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。 在句中作主语的词有： 名词，代词，数词，动词-ing分词，不定式，从句等。 Time is money. Everybody is present. The first of July is the Partys birthday. Swimming is his favorite sport. To master a foreign language requires time and effect. What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.,名词 代词 数词 动词-ing分词 不定式 从句,英语陈述句的形式是“主+谓+宾”，但是倒装的情况也较多，即主语可以在谓语之前，甚至在谓语组成部分的中间。 Look ,there comes little girl. Never in my life have I heard or seen such a thing.,谓语predicate：,说明主语的动作或状态的。谓语一般是由一个动词或动词短语构成。语法特点是；一般在主语之后，有时态的标志。 The sun rises in the east. we have learned the three basic logic functions. This book was first published in 19999. They live in the suburbs of shanghai.,表语predictive,它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份,特征和状态的。 作表语的词有: 名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing,分词，动词-ed和从句。 This is a computer. Mary is the first to arrive. She is very kind. Japan is to the east of China. I was surprised at the news.,名词 数词 形容词 介词短语 动词 ed分词,宾语object,它通常放在及物动词后面表示行为对象或结果等。 直接宾语：直接宾语有名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing分词和从句。 Paper catches fire easily.名词 You can take all these three.数词 You must avoid calling on others on Sunday. 动词-ing分词 间接宾语：指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 I gave him my address. Ill send Charles another ticket. 复合宾语：有些动词除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语结合在一起组成的结构，叫作复合宾语。 I found him dheerful. They treated her as a child. Please help me to put these books in order.,定语attribute；,用来修饰名词，代词以及相当于名词的其他词，短语或从句称为定语。 his is a glorious but difficult task. Our government tries in every way to satisfy our need. We must live up to the Partys expectations. Liyuan is a man to be trusted. T This is the place where he was born.,形容词,前置 代词，前置 所有格名词，前置 不定式，后置 从句，后置,它有一个语法特点：形容词，代词，数词，所有格名词和某些分词作前置定语；介词结构，动词不定式，从句，分词结构和副词作后置定语。,补语object complement,补语又叫宾语补足语，位于宾语之后，有以补足宾语的内容。 We call her “big sister”. He kept me waiting half a day. Lets show him out. They found the boy in the well.,“big sister名词,waiting动词-ing分词,Out 副词,in the well介词短语,可用作补语的词有名词，形容语，副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing分词和动词-ed分词等。,状语adverbial：,用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，介词短语或状语从句，以及全句的词，短语或从句称为状语。 在句中可以作状语的有：副词，介词短语，不定式，分词和从句。 He is well thought of by his fellow workers.副词 People lined up for buses and got on them in an orderly way.介词短语