2011年职称英语考试卫生A模拟试题及答案.doc

2011年职称英语考试卫生a模拟试题及答案一、单选题(下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。)1、 she was a puzzle.a girl c problemb womand mysterya b c d标准答案： d2、 her speciality is heart surgerya regionc fieldb site d platforma b c d标准答案： c3、 france has kept intimate links with its former african territoriesa friendly c strongb privated secreta b c d标准答案： a4、 you should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly,a spread c beatenb mixedd covereda b c d标准答案： b5、 he industrial revolution modified the whole structure of english society.a destroyedc smashedb broked changeda b c d标准答案： d6、 tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.a posted c givenb sent d handeda b c d标准答案： c7、 the change in that village was miraculous.a conservative c insignificantb amazing d unforgettablea b c d标准答案： b8、 customers often defer payment for as long as possible.a make c postponeb demandd obtaina b c d标准答案： c9、 canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.a ban c eliminateb remove d expela b c d标准答案： a10、 she read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.a declares b assertsc describes d announces.a b c d标准答案： c11、 from my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculousa fieldc knowledgeb point of viewd informationa b c d标准答案： b12、 the latest census is encouraginga statement b assessmentc evaluation d counta b c d标准答案： b13、 the curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.a different c uncomfortableb proud d unconsciousa b c d标准答案： c14、 reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.a able c qualifiedb fortunate d competenta b c d标准答案： c15、 he was elevated to the post of prime minister.a pulledc liftedb promoted d treateda b c d标准答案： b二、匹配题(概括大意与完成句子(每题1分，共8分)16、successful language learnerssome people seem to have a knack for learning languages. they can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. they do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.first of all, successful language learners are independent learners. they do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. they are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. when they guess wrong, they guess again. they try to learn from mistakes.successful language learning is active learning. therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. they find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. they will try anything to communicate. they are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. when communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. it is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. they want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. it is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. they find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.what kind of language learner are you? if you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. on the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.1. paragraph 1_2. paragraph 2_3. paragraph 3_4. paragraph 4_a. ways to learn a language successfullyb. learning a language purposefullyc. learning a language activelyd. learning a language independentlye. learning from mistakesf. learning to think in the target language标准答案： a,d,c,b17、5. successful language learners derive conclusions_6. independent language learners rely on themselves_7. active language learners seize every opportunity_8. the author wrote this text_a. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rulesb. to expand vocabularyc. to use the target languaged. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefullye. from cluesf. to say strange things标准答案： e,a,c,d三、案例分析题(阅读判断(每题1分，共7分);补全短文(每题2分，共10分);阅读理解(每题3分，共45分);完形填空(每题1分，共15分)18、tv game showsone of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. a novel can be on the best seller lists with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular tv show might have 70 million tv viewers. tv can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.this is the principle behind quiz or game shows, which put ordinary people on tv to play a game for prizes and money. a quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars in the u.s. and almost everyone watched them. charles van doren, an english instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. he even had a career as a television personality. but one of the losers proved that charles van doren was cheating. it turned out that the shows producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. why? because if the audience didnt like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. the result of this cheating was a huge scandal. based on his story, a movie under the title quiz show is on 40 years later.charles van doren is no longer involved with tv. but game shows are still here, though they arent taken as seriously. in fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. there are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on tv, or that punish losers by humiliation them. the entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on tv. people still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.1. tv can make a beggar world-famous overnight.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned2. the principle behind quiz and game shows is to put ordinary people on tv to play a game for prizes and money.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned3. prizes and money are usually provided by tv stars and large companies for winners.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned4. one of the tv personalities, charles van doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the shows producers to give him the answers beforehand.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned1、 a b c2、 a b c3、 a b c4、 a b c标准答案： a,b,c,b19、5. the huge scandal of cheating in tv game shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie quiz show.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned6. nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned7. winners of present-day tv game shows no longer get money from the shows.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned1、 a b c2、 a b c3、 a b c标准答案： b,a,b20、bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poornanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter, these include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. but one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.last week, speakers at a program in washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. the program took place at the woodrow wilson international center for scholars. peter singer at the university of toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. he says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a persons blood under a microscope.in poor countries, this process is often not followed. as a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. 4experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. piotr grodzinski of the national institutes of health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. he talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. he says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6andrew maynard is chief scientist for the project on emerging nanotechnologies at the woodrow wilson center. he noted that brazil, india, china and south africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. but he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. he says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.词汇：nanotechnology/5naneutek7nledzi/n 纳米技术 matter/5mate/n.物质molecule/5mclikju:l, 5meu-/n.分子atom/5atem/n.原子nanometer/5neine7mi:te/n.纳米，毫微米 (长度单位，=10-9m)one-billionth n.十亿分之一dirt-resistant adj，防尘的，防污的promise/5prcmis/n.希望，前途program/5preuram/(=programme)n.节目，节目单vt.为编制程序scholar/5skcle/n.学者quantum/5kwcntem/n.量;量子.dot/dct/n.(小)点，圆点confirm/ken5fe:m/vt.确认;证实case/keis/n.病症;病例; malaria/me5lzerie/n.疟(疾) misuse/5mis5ju:z/n.误用，滥用 particle/5pb:tikl/n.颗粒.微粒：粒子activate/5aktiveit/vt.使激活 identify/ai5dentifai/v.辨认diagnose/5daieneuz/vt.诊断(疾病)brazil/bre5zil/n.巴西nano-material n.纳米材料investment/ in5vestment / n.投资;投资额练习：1. which of the following uses of nanotechnology is not mentioned in the passage?a to make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.b to produce better and lighter building materials.c to help more accurately diagnose diseases.d to help more effectively treat diseases.2. how can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?a by traditionally looking at a persons blood under a microscope.b by letting a person take some kind of medicine.c by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.d by subjecting a person to an x-ray examination.3. how can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?a by making a drug target the focus of a disease.b by changing the structure of the body cells.c by lowering the side effects caused by a drug.d by letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.4. the following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology except_.a china b brazil c iran d india5. which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?a they may cause some damage to the body cells.b they are harmful materials themselves.c they may store in the body.d they may behave differently in the body and the environment.1、 a b c d2、 a b c d3、 a b c d4、 a b c d5、 a b c d标准答案： b,c,a,c,d21、multivitamins urged for all pregnant womena recent study in tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. and experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. the world health organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.the new study took place in dares salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. the pills contained all of the vitamins in the b group along with2 vitamins c and e. they also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.the scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. a report by the scientists, from the united states and tanzania, appeared in the new england journal of medicine. 3 wafaie fawzi of the harvard university school of public health4 led the study. none of the women in the study had hiv, the virus that causes aids. the scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 hiv. the earlier work in tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. lymphocytes increase the bodys immunity against infection.the new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the aids virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. the rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. but the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.词汇：multivitamin/7mqlti5vaitemin/adj.多种维生素的 urge/e:dv/v.促进/v.极力主张;强烈要求;敦促 pregnant/5prenent/adj.怀孕的，妊娠的tanzania/7tanze5ni:e/n.坦桑尼亚(非洲国家) diabetes/7daie5bi:ti:z, -ti:s/n.糖尿病，多尿症 dar es salaam/5db:r es se5lb:m/n.达累斯萨拉姆(坦桑尼亚首都)folate/5feuleit/n.叶酸盐 mineral/5minerel/n.矿物质;无机盐adj.矿物质的;无机的 fetal/5fi:tl/adj.胎儿的, 胎的lymphocyte/5limfesait/n.淋巴球, 淋巴细胞immunity/i5mju:niti/n.免疫力;免疫性 infection/in5fekfen/n.传染，感染;传染病 placebo/ple5si:beu/n.安慰剂;安慰剂治疗 inactive/in5aktiv/adj.无作用的 pill/pil/n.药丸，丸剂fetus/5fi:tes/n.胎，胎儿练习:1. how many babies are born with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to who?a 20,000,000.b 18,000,000.c 2,000,000.d 38,000,000.2. a pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances excepta all vitamins in the b group.b vitamins c and e.c much iron and folate.d antiviral substances.3. which of the following is not one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?a to reduce the rate of babies born too early.b to reduce the risk of low birth weight.c to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with hiv.d to increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers blood.4. what a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?a to reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.b to raise the bodys immunity against infection.c to help prevent the development of heart disease.d to help prevent the development of diabetes.5. how many percent of babies were born with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the aids virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?a less than8%.b about 9.5%.c 1.5%.d 17.5%.1、 a b c d2、 a b c d3、 a b c d4、 a b c d5、 a b c d标准答案： c,d,a,b,a22、warm people likely to keep cold at baystaying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting iii, new study findings suggest. is an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or fluvirus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.the findings, published in the journal psychosomatic medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” 5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.“people with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,”explained lead study author dr sheldon cohen of carnegie mellon university in pittsburgh. “and when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.for the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style”. those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.the researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particul