冷负荷计算步骤.doc

4.1.1冷负荷计算：冷负荷计算是空调设计及空调设备选型的主要依据；夏季冷负荷采用冷负荷系数法计算，求出每个房间的逐时值。查实用供热空调设计手册、供暖通风与空气调节附录和采暖通风与空气调节设计规范gb500192005得：屋面构造如图所示，从上到下为：1、 防水层加小豆面2、 水泥砂浆找平层3、 屋面板4、 吊顶空间5、 保温层（沥青矿渣棉=90mm）6、 隔气层7、 石膏板属于型，传热系数=0.53 w/.，屋面吸收系数修正值kb=0.88外墙体构造如图：1、 水泥砂浆抹灰、喷浆2、 砖墙=370mm3、 保温层（沥青膨胀珍珠岩=110mm）4、 内粉刷加油漆属于型，传热系数=0.59 w/.，外墙吸收系数修正值kb=0.94(外墙颜色为浅色)内墙构造图：传热系数=1.75 w/.外窗：三波塑钢窗，氩气层12.7mm，两层镀low-e膜，e=0.1，传热系数=1.61 w/.金属窗框80%玻璃，修正系数cw=1.00玻璃窗的地点修正值td=2窗玻璃遮挡系数：cs=0.78窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数：ci=0.60（浅蓝布帘）窗有效面积系数ca=0.85办公室群集系数：=0.97照明功率：25w/m2 n1=1.0 n2=0.7所用公式：外墙和屋面瞬变传热引起的冷负荷外墙传热系数与内墙相同，即k=0.97w/.；根据夏季室外风速为2.8m/s，查空气调节设计手册表2-8，用内插法求得w=23.48w/.；再由此查空调负荷实用计算法表3-6得ka=0.97，查表3-7得外墙kb=0.94(外墙颜色为浅色)，屋面kb=0.88，由表3-3查得型外墙不同朝向逐时的tj值。则tj=(tj+td)kakb ，外墙冷负荷计算公式： （4.1）由于该建筑外表面都为玻璃幕墙，有的房间外墙面积所占外维护结构面积比例很小，可忽略不计；房间0501、0502、0504、0507、0509、0510、0511外墙冷负荷忽略不计。外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷查空调负荷实用计算法表3-11得玻璃窗冷负荷计算温度tj ，再查表3-12得玻璃窗地点修正值td，则tj=(tj+td)ka ，玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷计算公式： （4.2）式中 qcl 外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷，w； k 外玻璃窗传热系数，w/(m2 )； f 窗口面积，m2； tj 外玻璃窗的冷负荷温度的逐时值，； tn 地点修正值；透过玻璃窗的日射得热引起的冷负荷查空调负荷实用计算法表2-2得玻璃窗的cs值为0.516，查表2-3得窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数cn=0.60（内遮阳为活动百叶帘），查表2-1得夏季日射得热因数最大值djmax ：南：251w/ 东：575w/ 北：122w/ 西：575w/查表2-6得北区有内遮阳窗玻璃冷负荷系数ccl值。 玻璃窗日射得热引起的冷负荷计算公式： （4.3） cz= ccn （4.4）式中 c 有效面积系数；f 窗口面积，m2；cz 窗玻璃的遮阳系数；cn 窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数；djmax 日射得热因数；ccl 窗玻璃冷负荷系数，无因次；内围护结构冷负荷 （4.5）式中 k 内围护结构传热系数，w/(m2 )； f 内围护结构的面积，m2；t 附加温升，取5。照明散热形成的冷负荷查空调负荷实用计算法表4-1得照明设备散热冷负荷系数qcl值。照明设备散热冷负荷计算公式： ，其中n1=1.0（采用暗装荧光灯），n2取0.6，n=fq(f为各房间面积，q为照明容量)。 （4.6）式中 n 照明灯具所需功率，w； n1镇流器消耗功率稀疏，明装时，n1=1.2，暗装时，n1=1.0；此为暗装 n2灯罩隔热系数，灯罩有通风孔时，n2=0.50.6；无通风孔时，n2=0.60.8；取0.7ccl照明散热冷负荷系数。设备散热形成的冷负荷无罩设备和用具显热散热冷负荷系数qcl 值由空调负荷实用计算法表4-6查得。散热设备冷负荷计算公式：，其中n=fq(f为各房间面积，q为设备单位发热量)。 （4.7） n机器设备发热量ccl设备和用具显热散热冷负荷系数人体散热形成的冷负荷室内人员散出的热量包括显热和潜热两部分，显热散热中对流热成为瞬时冷负荷，而辐射热部分则先被围护结构等物体表面所吸收，然后再慢地逐渐散出，形成冷负荷.潜热散热瞬时冷负荷。人体散热与性别，年龄，衣着，劳动强度以及环境条件(温、湿度)等多种因素有关。从性别上看，可认为成年女子总散热量约为男子的85%，儿童约为75%。由于性质不同的建筑物中有不同比例的成年男子，女子和儿童数量，而成年女子和儿童的散热量低于成年男子。为了实际计算方便，可以成年男子为基础，乘以考虑了各类人员组成比例的系数，称群集系数。人体显热散热形成的逐时冷负荷为： （4.8）式中 qx 不同室温和劳动性质成年男子显热散热量，w； qq 不同室温和劳动性质成年男子潜热散热量，w；n 室内全部人数； 群集系数；ccl 人体显热散热冷负荷系数；501房间：内围护结构冷负荷： （4.5）k=0.97f=(7.7+1.7+8)3.5=59.15t=5q=0.97*59.155=286.9w窗瞬变传热冷负荷： （4.2）表4.1 501房间窗瞬变传热冷负荷分项时刻7891011121314151617t2626.927.92929.930.831.531.932.232.232tj=(tj+t)k27.4428.3229.330.3831.2632.1432.8333.2233.5233.5233.52f27k03.12k=1.2k03.74tj-tn1.442.323.34.385.266.146.837.227.527.527.52qcl143.08230.52327.89435.2522.63610.07678.63717.38747.19747.19727.32窗日射得热冷负荷： （4.3）表4.2 501房间窗日射得热冷负荷分项时刻7891011121314151617f0.7527=20.25k3.74cz0.516djmax122w/ccl0.540.540.650.750.810.830.830.790.710.60.61qcl688.38688.38828.61956.081032.571058.071058.071007.07905.09764.87777.61其中根据不同朝向取不同值南：251 w/；东：575 w/；北：122 w/；西：575 w/；水平：844 w/照明冷负荷： （4.6）表4.3 501房间照明冷负荷分项时刻012345678910n11n20.7ccl0.690.860.890.90.910.910.920.930.940.950.95n=fq67.0725=1676.75qcl809.871009.41044.621056.351068.091068.091079.831091.561103.31115.041115.04设备冷负荷： （4.7）表4.4 501房间设备冷负荷分项时刻12345678910ccl0.60.680.730.770.810.830.850.870.890.9n1676.75qcl1006.051140.191224.031291.11358.171391.71425.241458.771492.311509.08人体冷负荷： （4.8） （4.9） （4.10）表4.5 501房间人体冷负荷分项时刻12345678910ccl0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qq57wqq77wn67.07/6=11人0.96qq77110.96=813.1wqx319373.2415.3445.4463.5481.5499.6511.6523.7535.7qcl1132.11186.31228.41258.51276.61294.61312.71324.71336.81348.8以上是第501房间的各冷负荷计算，其他房间计算方法与该房间一致，故不另外列出详细计算过程，而以表格的形式列出，具体表格见下表。表4.6 五至六层冷负荷501时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构286.9外窗玻璃瞬变143.08230.52327.89425.2522.63610.07678.63717.38747.19747.19727.32玻璃日射得热688.38688.38828.61956.081032.571058.071058.071007.07905.09764.87777.61室内设备散热1006.051140.191224.031291.11358.171391.71425.241458.81492.311509.1室内照明809.871009.41044.621056.351068.091068.091079.831091.561103.31115.041115人体散热1132.11186.31228.41258.51276.61294.61312.71324.71336.81348.8房间最大值4367.18502时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构135.8外窗玻璃瞬变11.36197.14280.41372.18446.96521.73580.36613.5639639622玻璃日射得热579.26579.26697.26804.53868.89890.34890.34847.43761.62643.62654.35室内设备散热841.2953.361023.461079.541135.621163.661191.71219.71247.781261.8室内照明677.17844873.45883.26893.07893.07902.89912.7922.52932.33932.33人体散热926.3970.61005.11029.71044.51059.31074.11083.91093.81103.6房间最大值4775.23503时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构303.9续表外窗玻璃瞬变170.77275.13391.35519.43623.79728.15809.98856.23891.81891.81868.09玻璃日射得热889.29889.291070.441235.121333.931366.861366.861300.991169.3988.091004.6室内设备散热944.551070.491149.21212.171275.141306.631338.111369.61401.081416.8室内照明760.36947.7980.76991.781002.81002.81013.821024.841035.91046.861046.9人体散热1029.21078.51116.81144.11160.511771193.41204.31215.31226.2房间最大值5871.01505时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构229.2外窗玻璃瞬变101.22163.08231.97307.88369.74431.6480.1567.52528.61528.61514.55玻璃日射得热479.32479.32576.96665.72718.97736.73736.73701.22630.21532.51541.45室内设备散热652.05738.99793.33836.8880.27902923.74945.47967.21978.08室内照明524.9654.22677.05684.65692.26692.26699.87707.47715.08722.69722.69人体散热720.4754.9781.7800.8812.3823.8835.3843850.6858.3房间最大值3964.45506时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构203.7外窗玻璃瞬变175.17282.21401.42532.8639.84746.89830.83878.27914.76914.76890.43玻璃日射得热283.29360.55437.81463.56489.32515.07875.621442.21854.32137.551983室内设备散热1159.21313.761410.361487.641564.921603.561642.21680.81719.481738.8室内照明933.161163.061203.641217.161230.681230.681244.211257.731271.31284.781284.8人体散热133814021451.81487.41508.71530.11551.41565.71579.91594.1房间最大值7840.17507时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构203.7外窗玻璃瞬变175.17282.21401.42532.8639.84746.89830.83878.27914.76914.76890.43玻璃日射得热558.6821.311263.561832.162274.42653.472527.111958.521421.51010.85758.13玻璃日射得热283.29360.55437.81463.56489.32515.07875.621442.21854.32137.551983室内设备散热1195.21354.561454.161533.841613.521653.361693.217331772.881792.8室内照明962.141199.181241.021254.961268.91268.91282.851296.791310.71324.681324.7人体散热133814021451.81487.41508.71530.11551.41565.71579.91594.1房间最大值9024.08508时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷续表内围护结构135.8外窗玻璃瞬变11.36197.14280.41372.18446.96521.73580.36613.5639639622玻璃日射得热397.25573.81882.781280.031589.011853.841765.561368.31993.13706.22529.67玻璃日射得热579.26579.26697.26804.53868.89890.34890.34847.43761.62643.62654.35室内设备散热769.2871.76935.86987.141038.421064.061089.71115.31140.981153.8室内照明619.2771.76798.69807.66816.63816.63825.61834.58843.56852.53852.53人体散热823.4862.8893.5915.3928.5941.6954.7963.5972.3981房间最大值5844.02509时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构140.9外窗玻璃瞬变74.32119.74170.32226.06271.48316.9352.51372.64388.12388.12377.8玻璃日射得热241.29348.53536.2777.48965.151126.011072.39831.1603.22428.96321.72室内设备散热801.15907.97974.731028.141081.551108.261134.961161.71188.371201.7室内照明644.93803.82831.86841.21850.55850.55859.9869.25878.59887.94887.94人体散热926.3970.61005.11029.71044.51059.31074.11083.91093.81103.6房间最大值4422.95510时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构171.4外窗玻璃瞬变117.19188.81268.56356.45428.07499.69555.84587.58611.99611.99595.72玻璃日射得热380.47549.56845.481225.951251.861775.511690.961310.49951.17676.38507.29室内设备散热866.85982.431054.671112.461170.251199.141228.041256.91285.831300.3室内照明697.81869.74900.08910.19920.31920.31930.42940.53950.65960.76960.76人体散热1029.21078.51116.81144.11160.511771193.41204.31215.31226.2房间最大值5431.44511时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构135.8外窗玻璃瞬变11.36197.14280.41372.18446.96521.73580.36613.5639639622玻璃日射得热397.25573.81882.781280.031589.011853.841765.561368.31993.13706.22529.67玻璃日射得热579.26579.26697.26804.53868.89890.34890.34847.43761.62643.62654.35室内设备散热1057.21198.161286.261356.741427.221462.461497.71532.91568.181585.8室内照明851.051060.721097.731110.061122.391122.391134.731147.061159.41171.731171.7人体散热12351294.11340.11372.91392.61412.314321445.11458.31471.4房间最大值7759.63512续表时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构135.8外窗玻璃瞬变126.67204.08290.28385.29462.69540.1600.8635.11661.5661.5643.9玻璃日射得热411.24594.01913.861325.11644.961919.161827.731416.51028.1731.1548.32室内设备散热1057.21198.161286.261356.741427.221462.461497.71532.91568.181585.8室内照明851.051060.721097.731110.061122.391122.391134.731147.061159.41171.731171.7人体散热12351294.11340.11372.91392.61412.314321445.11458.31471.4房间最大值6264.17513时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构81.48外窗玻璃瞬变122.41197.22280.53372.34447.15521.96580.62613.77639.28639.28622.27玻璃日射得热2913.43513.173384.632527.771628.051028.241028.24985.46899.71771.18642.65玻璃日射得热397.43574.06883.171280.61589.711854.661766.371368.91993.57706.54529.9室内设备散热601.2681.36731.46771.54811.62831.66851.7871.74891.78901.8室内照明483.97603.2624.25631.26638.27638.27645.29652.3659.32666.33666.33人体散热720.4754.9781.7800.8812.3823.8835.3843850.6858.3房间最大值5388.86表4.7 七至九层冷负荷701时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构409.8外窗玻璃瞬变198.73320.17455.42604.47725.91847.36942.58996.41037.811037.811010.2玻璃日射得热940.96940.961132.631306.881411.431446.281446.281376.581237.181045.511062.93室内设备散热1006.051140.191224.031291.11358.171391.71425.241458.771492.311509.08室内照明809.871009.41044.621056.351068.091068.091079.831091.561103.31115.041115.04人体散热1132.11186.31228.41258.51276.61294.61312.71324.71336.81348.8房间最大值6600.55702时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构194外窗玻璃瞬变168.25271.06385.56511.75614.57717.38798843.57878.62878.62855.25玻璃日射得热796.82796.82959.141106.71193.231224.741224.741165.721047.67885.36900.11室内设备散热841.2953.361023.461079.541135.621163.661191.71219.741247.781261.8续表室内照明677.17844873.45883.26893.07893.07902.89912.7922.52932.33932.33人体散热926.3970.61005.11029.71044.51059.31074.11083.91093.81103.6房间最大值5381.79703时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构434.1外窗玻璃瞬变258.29416.14591.92785.64943.491101.331225.11295.051348.871348.871312.99玻璃日射得热1222.771222.771471.851698.291834.151879.441879.441788.861607.711358.631381.27室内设备散热944.551070.491149.21212.171275.141306.631338.111369.61401.081416.83室内照明760.36947.7980.76991.781002.81002.81013.821024.841035.861046.861046.86人体散热1029.21078.51116.81144.11160.511771193.41204.31215.31226.2房间最大值7074.36705时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构327.4外窗玻璃瞬变138.07222.47316.45420.01504.4588.79654.95692.35721.12721.12701.94玻璃日射得热654.05654.05787.28908.4981.071005.291005.29956.85859.95726.72738.83室内设备散热652.05738.99793.33836.8880.27902923.74945.47967.21978.08室内照明524.9654.22677.05684.65692.26692.26699.87707.47715.08722.69722.69人体散热720.4754.9781.7800.8812.3823.8835.3843850.6858.3房间最大值4443.11706时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构291外窗玻璃瞬变235.89380.04540.58717.5861.651005.811118.841182.721231.811231.871199.1玻璃日射得热723.39723.39870.751004.711085.091111.881111.881058.3951.13803.77817.17玻璃日射得热377.94481.01584.08618.44652.8687.161168.171924.042473.772851.72645.56室内设备散热1159.21313.761410.361487.641564.921603.561642.21680.841719.481738.8室内照明933.161163.061203.641217.161230.681230.681244.211257.731271.261284.781284.78人体散热133814021451.81487.41508.71530.11551.41565.71579.91594.1房间最大值9993.48707时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构291外窗玻璃瞬变235.89380.04540.58717.5861.651005.811118.841182.721231.811231.871199.1玻璃日射得热377.94481.01584.08618.44652.8687.161168.171924.042473.772851.72645.56续表玻璃日射得热496.1716.591102.441598.541984.392315.122204.881708.781240.25881.95661.46室内设备散热1195.21354.561454.161533.841613.521653.361693.21733.041772.881792.8室内照明962.141199.181241.021254.961268.91268.91282.851296.791310.741324.681324.68人体散热133814021451.81487.41508.71530.11551.41565.71579.91594.1房间最大值10195.33708时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构194外窗玻璃瞬变168.25271.06385.56511.75614.57717.38798843.57878.62878.62855.25玻璃日射得热546.45789.321214.341760.82185.821550.122428.681882.231366.13971.47728.61室内设备散热769.2871.76935.86987.141038.421064.061089.71115.341140.981153.8室内照明619.2771.76798.69807.66816.63816.63825.61834.58843.56852.53852.53人体散热823.4862.8893.5915.3928.5941.6954.7963.5972.3981房间最大值5798.78709时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构201.3外窗玻璃瞬变98.29158.35225.24298.96359.02419.09466.18492.8513.28513.28499.63玻璃日射得热318.92460.66708.711027.631275.681488.291417.421098.5797.3566.97425.23室内设备散热801.15907.97974.731028.141081.551108.261134.961161.671188.371201.73室内照明644.93803.82831.86841.21850.55850.55859.9869.25878.59887.94887.94人体散热926.3970.61005.11029.71044.51059.31074.11083.91093.81103.6房间最大值4870.91710时间7891011121314151617外围护结构负荷内围护结构244.9外窗玻璃瞬变161.14259.61309.27490.13588.6687.07764.28807.92841.49841.49819.11玻璃日射得热523.14755.651162.541685.682092.562441.322323.07180