四级辅导-虚拟语气.ppt

一、虚拟语气考查点,1、条件从句中的虚拟语气,（1）虚拟条件句的基本形式：,与现在事实相反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形,与将来事实相反：if 条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would (should/could/might)+动词原形。,与过去事实相反：if 条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词。,1）The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.(2001年 1月，CET-4) A had lost B would have lost C would lose C should have lost,答案为B，虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时，主句应用would/should have done的形式。,2)Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月，CET-4) A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got,答案为B，表示与将来事实相反时，if条件句中用过去时，或should/were to +动词原形，主句用would(should /could/might )+动词原型。本句四个选项中只有B符合要求。,（2）虚拟条件句的倒装形式,3） before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (1997年1月，CET-4) A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they to arrive C Were they arriving,答案为C。从后半句should可以判断这是一个虚拟语气的句子，并且是与将来事实相反的，所以前半句应用过去时，用倒装可以省if。,（3）含蓄虚拟条件句,虚拟条件有时不是通过if从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中。经常表示这种含蓄条件的有：otherwise或or（否则，不然的话）；with（如果有了）或without（要是没有）；but for.（要不是，倘若没有）；介词短语，如in the past(要是在以往)，in sbs position(如果处在某人的位置上)，under.（要是在情况下）；would rather.（宁愿，更情愿）等等都可以表示隐含虚拟条件。,4）He must have had an accident, or he then.(1990年1月，CET-4) Awould have been here Bshould be here Chad to be here Dwould be there,答案为A。or 在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示if he had not had an accident,所以其后的主句用would have done 而不用其它的。,(4)错综时间条件句,5）If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now.(1999年1月，CET-4) Awouldnt be smiling B couldnt have smiled Cwont smile D didnt have smiled,答案为A。错综虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。,2、在“It is/was+形容词+that从句”的结构中，常用“(should+)动词原形”作从句的谓语。,用于这种结构的形容词有：advisable, appropriate, better, compulsory(强制的)，concerned, crucial(紧要关头的)，desirable, essential, imperative(绝对必要的)，important, natural, necessary, obligatory(必须履行的)，only fair, only just, only right, preferable, proper, reasonable, urgent, vital等。,1）It is important that the hotel receptionist that guests are registered correctly. (2001年1月，CET-4) A has made sure B made sure C must make sure D make sure,答案为D。“it is important/necessary/ +that 从句”结构常用“(should)+动词原形”形式表虚拟语气，故选D。,2）It is vital that enough money to fund the project.（1997年1月，CET-4） A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected,答案为B。在It is vital/important/necessary/advisable that结构中，that 从句要用（should）+do 构成的虚拟语气结构。,3）It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.（2000年 1月，CET-4） A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent,答案为D。在is important/ necessary/ essential + that从句结构中，此类形容词含有的祈使语气要求其后的that从句用“（should）+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气，故选D,4）I dont think it advisable that Tim to the job since he has no experience.(1997年6月，CET-4) Ais assigned B will be assigned C be assigned D has been assigned,答案为C。句意为：“我认为让Tim做这项工作是不明智的，因为他缺乏经验。” advisable是指“明智，可行的”，在本句中that引导的宾语从句（后置），it为形式宾语，指代后置的that从句，相当于“it is advisable that”, 由于使用了形容词“advisable”，从句要用should do 结构，should被省略。,你都明白了吗？,3、Its (about/getting/high)time后的虚拟语气,在Its(about/getting/high)time 后面的that从句中，动词要用一般过去式，表示“差不多/早该是的时候了”。其中that 可以省略。,1）It is high time that such practices . (2003年1月，CET-4) Aare ended B be ended C were ended D must be ended,答案为C。句意为：“该是结束这种做法的时候了”。It is (high) time that表示的是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词要用过去时，故选C。其余三项均不能表示虚拟语气。,2）Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time ?(1995年1月，CET-4) A we are going home B we go home C we went home D we can go home,答案为C。句意为：“已经5点了。难道你不觉得我们该回家了吗？”Its about time后面用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。,此外，应注意以下区别： （1）“Its time(+for+宾语)+动词不定式”这一结构的意思是“时间刚好该做”，是陈述语气，表一种“事实”，如Its time to start work.该开始工作了。而“Its time(+that)+主语+动词的过去式”有“已经晚了，早应该做”的含义，是虚拟语气，表主观设想，如Its time we started work.我们早该开始工作了。 （2）在Its the first(second, third, etc)time 后面所接的that 从句中，谓语动词应用完成体，来表示一种经历。两种结构不要相混。,4、if only, wish后的虚拟语气,（1）wish 之后的宾语从句，或if only感叹句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在的实际情况相反的希望。 wish(+that)+从句主语+动词过去式（动词be用were） If only(=I wish )+ 主语+动词过去式（动词be用were） (2)wish 和if only后的从句中用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的愿望。 (3)wish 和if only后的从句中用would+动词原形，表示对现状不满，希望将来能有所改变，或希望某件事将会发生（但在说话时尚未发生）,1）Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice. (1990年6月，CET-4) Afollow B had followed C would follow D have followed,答案为B。if only感叹句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在事实相反的情况，故选B,2）Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place.(2000年1月，CET-4) A be living B were living C am living D would have lived,答案为B。sometimes(有时，时常)是一个表示一般性的时间状语；wish后的宾语从句表达的是与现实相反的愿望，be动词统一用were。,3）I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.(1995年6月，CET-4) Ahave slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept,答案为D。wish 后的从句中用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的愿望。原句表示“我希望今早能多睡一会儿”，但实际上没能做到，所以用句型“could have done”。A 是现在完成时，不对，B 是过去时，不能表示与过去相反。C 中might 与句型不符。,4）Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.（2001年6月，CET-4） Astudied B study C had been studying D had studied,答案为D。 wish在宾语从句中用过去完成时表过去情况未发生。,5）If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.（1997年1月，CET-4） A approve B would approve C can approve D will approve,答案为B。if only后的从句中用would+动词原形，表示对现状不满，希望将来能有所改变，或希望某件事将会发生（但在说话时尚未发生），所以选B,5、某些表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词之后that从句中的虚拟语气,某些表示建议、命令等主观倾向性概念的动词带宾语从句或用于“It is/was+此类动词的过去分词+that 从句”结构时，从句中的谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”的形式。此类动词有： 表示愿望的：desire, prefer（宁肯） 表示建议的：advise, move（提议），propose, suggest, recommend 表示要求、请求的：ask, beg, insist, maintain, oblige, request, require, urge（强烈要求，极力主张） 表示命令的：command, decree, dictate, direct, order, stipulate 表示决定的：decide, determine, resolve 其它：arrange, deserve, intend(意欲)，motion（示意），promise等。,1）We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in plans.（1993年6月，CET-4） Ainform B informs Cinformed D had informed,答案为A。advise, propose, suggest, recommend 等一些表示建议、命令等主观倾向性概念的动词带宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”的形式。desire意为：“希望”，从句中用should+动词原形，should可以省略。,2）It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been made.（1995年6月，CET-4） Anot be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started,答案为A。recommend意思为：“推荐，建议”，从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。选项A=should not be started。,3)Mikes uncle insists in this hotel.(2000年1月，CET-4) A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay,答案为D，insist(坚持)后的宾语从句用should（not）+动词原形，should可省略。,4）As Commander-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures for our defense.(1996年6月，CET-4) Ahad been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken,答案为C。direct（命令，指示）后的宾语从句的动词用should+动词原形，本句should后面的动词是被动语态(should be taken)，should被省略，剩下be taken。,6、某些名词后的that从句中的虚拟语气,某些名词，特别是上面提到的表示建议、要求、命令等含义的动词相应的名词形式，在其同位语从句或其作主语后的表语从句中，谓语动词是要用“(should+)动词原形”。这些名词有（可和相应的动词放在一起记忆）：advice, agreement, command, decision, decree(政令)，demand, desire, determination, insistence, motion(提议)，necessity, order, plan, preference, suggestion, proposal等。,1）The suggestion that the mayor the prizes was accepted by everyone.（2000年6月，