《四级作文专题讲座》PPT课件.ppt

历届四级英语写作命题总览,社会热门话题 (87.9) Women in Modern World (90.6) Make Our Cities Greener (91.1) Bicycle An Important Means of Transport in China (91.6) Changes in Peoples Diet (94.1) The world Is Getting Smaller and Smaller. (96.1) The Two-day Weekend (96.6) Global Shortage of Fresh Water (98.1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. (06.1)Should the University Campus Be Open to tourists?,校园话题 (88.6) An Early Morning Walk (记叙文) (92.6) How I overcome My Difficulties in Learning English (94.6) My Ideal Job (95.6) Advantage of Job Interview. (97.6) Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. (99.6) Reading Selectively Or Extensively? (00.1) How I Finance My College Education. (00.6) Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? (01.1) How to Succeed in a Job Interview? (01.6) A letter to a Schoolmate (02.1) A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. (02.6) Student Use of Computers. (06.6) Volunteers Needed,日常生活话题 (89. 1) The Tape Recorder (90. 1) What Would Happen If There Were No Power (92.1) Is Failure a Bad Thing? (93.1)Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport. (95.1)Can Money Buy Happiness? (97.1) Practice Makes Perfect . (98.6) Do “Lucky Numbers“ Really Bring Good Luck? (99.1)Don t Hesitate to Say “NO“. (03.1) It Pays to Be Honest,历届四级英语写作命题规律与启示,1)热门话题: 选题范围都是目前人们最为关注的问题. 2)文体单一: 说明文或议论文 3)形式趋于多样化: 提纲式作文, 图画作文, 表格和图表作文, 应用文 纵览历年的作文试题，我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数，但近年应用文有上升的势头（01.6、02.1 、06.6是书信体，91.6、02.6是图表作文）。,阅卷老师通常哪些地方给我们打分?,你花30分钟好不容易绞尽脑汁写好的作文,阅卷老师很可能用十几秒大致浏览一遍就毫不留情地打下一个分数.阅卷老师通常根据以下几个方面给我们打分. 1.首段首句 在整篇文章中最能吸引阅卷老师目光和注意力的是第一段.由于采用总体评分法,评阅老师往往主要凭借第一段的总体印象打分.因此要给老师留下良好的第一印象,一定要精心构造好全文的第一段(黄金段落).阅卷老师在看完第一段后就基本上给文章定了分数档次.,那么,如何写好首段呢?,第一段又称为引言段-引出话题或图表描述段.常用句型: 1) 话题引出段: Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of People in growing numbers are directing their attention to With the development of the problem ofhas become increasingly serious. When it comes to,peoples notions may vary from one to anther. Recently, a heated discussion has sprung up as to Traditional virtue/value has it that, yet people are currently.,2)图画图表描述 As is vividly shown in the picture, It is clearly depicted in the picture that This picture depicts a thought-provoking scene of According to the figures given in the chart The chart above provides a series of essential figures, illustrating the changes taking place in a time span of years.,2.文中是否有语言的闪光点,要在老师匆匆一瞥的过程中留住他们的兴奋点,就非得在语言下猛下工夫.语言的好坏直接影响到实际作文分数的高低.中国评阅老师往往更注重考生的语言表达,其次才是内容. 语言表达的体现可以是词、短语或是句子。大多数考生在写作时似乎对一些词或句型“情有独钟”，往往没有亮点。因而要注意选词、造句的多样性。,有没有中国式英语？,“good good study, day day up” 不难想象，这样的中国式英语很难让评阅老师给你打高分。,文中有没有使用衔接词？,正确使用衔接词能突出文章的层次感和逻辑性。一篇文章如果没有衔接词就会显得杂乱无章，给人没有条理的感觉。 语法错误多不多，有没有低级错误？,如何写好中间段？,中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释及论证。 （）中间段的特点 ）比开头和结尾段长； ）每段有相应的主题句 ）不同类型的段落采用不同的扩展手段。 （）中间段展开的基本方法 ）列举法 ）比较对比法 ）因果法 ）例证法 ）定义法 ）分类法,中间段的常见句型,）观点对比段 Opposite voices are now rising in the debate. Some people firmly believe that.On the contrary, quite a few people argue that The controversial issue has aroused opposite opinions. One focuses on, the other opinion revolves around 2) 利弊列举段 Every coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception. Above all, In addition More importantlyHowever, the negative influence it renders should not be neglected,）举例说明段 For instance; Take for an example; A case in point is ）原因列举段 Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it. Having taken everything into consideration, we may attribute the sharp change to three aspects. ）意义阐释段 The purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to The fact/phenomenon thatindicates that Having scrutinized the details of the picture, we can discuss the implications subtly conveyed from it.,如何写好结尾段？,常见结尾段落 ）总结归纳 In conclusion, In my opinion, As far as I am concerned, Taking into account all the analyses above, we may confidently come to the conclusion that 2）预测展望 There is no denying that will continue increasing/decreasing in the better/worse direction. Undoubtedly, the tendency reflected from the chart will undergo a continuous increase/decrease in the near future. ）建议措施 Therefore, it is imperative that we should take some drastic measures. As far as I am concerned, two effective measures must be immediately taken to pull through the crisis. ）提出问题 Why cant young people think of the days when they are getting old?,转 but, however, whereas, nevertheless, yet, instead, on the contrary, conversely 合 as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, On the whole, by and large, in general, generally speaking, in conclusion; In a word, in short, in brief, to sum up; In my opinion, as far as I am concerned.,2006.1真题,Part V Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3我认为,Should the University Campus Be Open to tourism?,Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attraction. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.,So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.,In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study . With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.,2002.6真题,Part Writing 30 minutes Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: 1、上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生事业计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)； 3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题?,Student Use of Computers,Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990,it has less than 2 hours; and in 1995,it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000,the number soared to 20 hours.,Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast developments of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out of date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.,应用文写作要求,应用文写作的要求是考生根据所给情景写出一篇约词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。满分分。短文写作时，考生应能： 做到语法、评写、标点正确，用词恰当； 遵循文章的特定文体格式； 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯； 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。,评分标准,应用文的评分侧重信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当，对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据试题做调整。,应用文存在的问题与分析,问题：格式不正确； 齐头式 传统格式？ 称呼（Salutation) 称呼使一封书信的正式开始，不可忽略。选择何种称呼主要视与收信人之间的关系而定。主要可分为以下几种： （）正式的称呼：My Dear Sir, Dear Sirs （）一般的称呼：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Manager （）比较熟悉的称呼：Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Clarks, Dear Dr. Lee （）亲密的称呼：My Dear Mrs. Lee, My Dear Roger,结尾（The Complimentary Close) （）写给陌生人、团体或者在公务与商务信件中可用以下类型： Faithfully, yours, Yours truly/faithfully, Very sincerely, yours, （）写给上级或长者的可用以下类型： Yours respectfully, Very respectfully yours, （）写给一般的朋友或者熟人的可用以下类型： Yours sincerely/faithfully, Always truthfully, yours, （）在写给很熟悉的朋友或亲人的信中可用以下类型： Yours, With love, Yours Affectionately, Yours sincerely,2006年6月17日四级考试作文 Part V. Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below : 1校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者 2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等 3报名条件及联系方式,Volunteers Needed （An announcement for a voluntary program）,July 1st,2006