《天然纤维素纤维》PPT课件.ppt

Natural Cellulosic Fibers,天然纤维素纤维,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Fibrous materials are found in nearly all plant life, but some plants in particular have proved to be important sources of textile fibers for the manufacture of yarns, cord, and fabrics. these plant fibers comsist largely of cellulose and, therefore, are classified as natural cellulosic fibers. fibrous 纤维的 textile 纺织品 yarns 纱、线 cord 绳、索 fabric 织物,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Fibrous materials are found in nearly all plant life, but some plants in particular have proved to be important sources of textile fibers for the manufacture of yarns, cord, and fabrics. these plant fibers comsist largely of cellulose and, therefore, are classified as natural cellulosic fibers. 纤维的原料几乎在所有植物中都能被找到，但部分植物却被证明是制造纱线、绳索等织物的纺织品纤维的重要来源。这些植物纤维大部分由纤维素组成，因此，被分为天然纤维素纤维一类。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,This term indicates the simple chemistry of the substances and provides a scientific method for comparing natural cellulose with man-made cellulose fibers. The natural cellulose fibers commonly encountered in consumer goods include cotton, flax (linen fabric), jute, and hemp. flax 亚麻 linen 亚麻布 jute 黄麻 hemp 大麻,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,This term indicates the simple chemistry of the substances and provides a scientific method for comparing natural cellulose with man-made cellulose fibers. The natural cellulose fibers commonly encountered in consumer goods include cotton, flax (linen fabric), jute, and hemp. 这学期指出物质的简单的化学性质，为天然纤维素纤维和人造纤维素纤维的比较提供一个科学的方法。在消费商品中通常遇到的天然纤维素纤维有棉、亚麻（亚麻布织物）、黄麻和大麻。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Other natural cellulose fibers may be found in textile products imported from other countries. 其它纤维素纤维可能从国外进口的纺织产品中找到。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,The following discussion summarizes the general characteristics of natural cellulosic fibers and rayon as a class or group.Cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate are chemical variants of cellulose and, as such, do not share in many of the “family characteristics.” rayon 人造丝 acetate 醋酸盐 triacetate 三醋酸盐,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,The following discussion summarizes the general characteristics of natural cellulosic fibers and rayon as a class or group.Cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate are chemical variants of cellulose and, as such, do not share in many of the “family characteristics.” 接下来的讨论一组一组的概括了天然纤维素纤维和人造丝的一般特性。醋酸纤维素和三醋酸纤维素是不同的化学纤维素，同样的，它们有很多不同的特性。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,The density of cellulosic fibers tends to be relatively high, making fabrics woven from yarns of these fibers feel comparatively heavy. Cellulosic fibers have relatively low elasticity and resilience. As a result, they wrinkle easily and do not recover from wrinkling readily. woven 无纺布 elasticity 弹性 resilience 弹性 wrinkle 起皱,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,The density of cellulosic fibers tends to be relatively high, making fabrics woven from yarns of these fibers feel comparatively heavy. Cellulosic fibers have relatively low elasticity and resilience. As a result, they wrinkle easily and do not recover from wrinkling readily. 纤维素纤维的密度倾向于相对高些，用纤维制的纱线来制造无纺布就相对困难些。纤维素纤维的弹性相对低些。因此，它们更容易起皱并且不容易从轻易地起皱中恢复。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Absorbency and moisture regain are generally good. Most cellulosic fibers are, therefore, slow to dry after wetting, comfortable to wear, and easy to dye. moisture 水分 wetting 变湿 dye 染色 absorbency 吸收性 吸收能力和水分恢复能力一般很好。大部分的纤维素纤维是这样的，因此，它们变湿后干的很慢，穿着很舒适，很容易染色。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Cellulosic fibers are good conductors of heat and electricity. As good conductors of heat, they carry warmth away from the body, and are favored for use in hot weather and warm climates.Since they conduct electricity, cellulosic fibers do not build up static electricity, which produces shocks when garments are worn. 纤维素纤维是热和电的良导体。作为热的良导体，它们从身体带走热量，大量用于炎热的天气很温暖的气候中。因为它们是电的良导体，纤维素纤维不会增加使穿衣服时产生电击的静电。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Cellulosic fibers tend to burn easily, with a quick, yellow flame, much as paper (which is also cellulose). Most cellulosic fibers can, however, withstand fairly high dry heat or ironing temperatures before they scorch. On an electric iron, cotton and linen setting are the highest settings on the dial. ironing 熨平衣服 scorch 烧焦 iron 熨斗 dial 刻度盘,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Cellulosic fibers tend to burn easily, with a quick, yellow flame, much as paper (which is also cellulose). Most cellulosic fibers can, however, withstand fairly high dry heat or ironing temperatures before they scorch. On an electric iron, cotton and linen setting are the highest settings on the dial. 纤维素纤维易于燃烧，燃烧迅速，火焰呈黄色，很像纸的燃烧（纸也是纤维素）。大部分纤维素能够抵抗相当高的干燥度很高温或者在不烤焦的情况下熨平的温度。对于一个上电的熨斗，棉和亚麻布都能抵抗最高温。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Chemical properties of cellulosic fibers include good resistance to alkalis. Excessive bleaching will harm cellulosic fibers, although carefully controlled bleaching is less detrimental. Strong mineral acids are quite damaging, and most natural cellulosic fibers will withstand high water temperatures. properties 属性 alkalis 碱 bleaching 漂白 mineral 矿物 acid 酸,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Chemical properties of cellulosic fibers include good resistance to alkalis. Excessive bleaching will harm cellulosic fibers, although carefully controlled bleaching is less detrimental. Strong mineral acids are quite damaging, and most natural cellulosic fibers will withstand high water temperatures. 纤维素纤维的化学属性包括对碱的强抵抗力。过度的漂白会伤害纤维素纤维，尽管小心的控制漂白会减少伤害。强无机酸伤害性很大，大部分的天然纤维素纤维能抵抗水的高温。,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Such properties permit laundering of cellulosic fibers with strong detergents, controlled bleaching, and hot water temperatures. Regenerated cellulosic fibers are more sensitive to chemicals and require more careful handling and gentle agitation with lower water temperature. laundering 洗烫 detergent 洗洁剂,2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber,Such properties permit laundering of cellulosic fibers with strong detergents, controlled bleaching, and hot water temperatures. Regenerated cellulosic fibers are more sensitive to chemicals and require more careful handling and gentle agitation with lower water temperature. 这些属性允许纤维素纤维用强效洗洁剂，控制漂白高水温的洗烫。再生的纤维素纤维对化学物质更敏感，需要更细心的处理和温柔的搅拌较低的水温。,2.1 Intorduction o