《单元优化设计》PPT课件.ppt

Period 3 Grammar & Writing,虚拟语气(),一、语气的分类 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。,1陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两面性。 2祈使语气 表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。 Will you please lend me your dictionary? 请把你的字典借给我用一下好吗？,3虚拟语气 用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 If I were a bird，I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。,二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he doesnt hurry up，he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实) If he is free，he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。(真实),If I were you，I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。(我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气) If there were no air，people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。(不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气),在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：,1.表示与现在事实相反的情况 If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实：我不可能是你) If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。(事实：不知道) If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水),If I had any money with me，I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。(事实：没带钱) If he studied harder，he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。(事实：没有努力) She looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。(事实：我并非陌生人),2表示与过去事实相反的情况 If I had got there earlier，I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。(事实：去晚了) If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实：没有听我的话),3表示对将来情况的主观推测 If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实：来的可能性很小) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实：不知能否下雪) If she were to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。,4当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。 Should he agree to go there，we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here，she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers，we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。,5有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。,6if only引导的虚拟语气 If only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，现在已成习惯用法，表达愿望。从句用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成：“要是 就好了”。 If only I could speak several foreign languages. 要是我能说几种外语就好了。,三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 1wish 后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望时，常用虚拟语气。,I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那时还不知道) I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了),【感悟高考】 Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they_always late. (2011北京 ,28) Awerent Bhadnt beer Cwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been 解析 考查虚拟语气。 句意：孩子们在哪里？晚饭都快要糟蹋了。但愿他们别老是迟到。表达现在的愿望要用一般过去时，故选A项。 答案 A,2在动词一坚持(insist)二命令(order，command)三建议(advise，suggest，propose/recommend)四要求(demand，require，request，ask，insist)后面的宾语从句中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should do”。should可以省略。 He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice. He demanded that we (should) take the teachers advice. He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice.,【温馨提示】 insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持说，坚持某种观点、某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 He insists he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 His face suggests that he looks worried. 他的表情表明他很担心。,3表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词advice，desire，decision，idea，instruction，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)动词原形”。,We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。 He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。 His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。 Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。,4在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： should 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。 常见句型： It is admirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/ remarkable/sad/advisable/annoying/disappointing/ surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/ curious/desirable/important/strange/peculiar/ proper/necessary/natural.that. It is a pity/a shame/no wonder. that. It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/. that. It worries me that.,It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。 It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。 It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。,5would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：,Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 Id rather you were here now.我宁愿你现在在这儿。 Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们宁愿你明天去那儿。,四、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 1目的状语从句 在for fear that，in case，lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should do(should能省略)。She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he (should) be late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。,在so that，in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/could/may/might/will/would/ should do。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him more clearly. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。,2让步状语从句 在even if，even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况。 Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。,在whatever, whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： 指现在或将来：may do；指过去：may have done。 We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 You mustnt be proud whatever great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。,3方式状语从句 as if，as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：,They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈地谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。 He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,五、虚拟语气在定语从句的用法 表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that 主语 动词的过去式/ should 动词原形。 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。,六、简单句中的虚拟语气 为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉的语气或强烈的愿望及祝愿，言语常使用虚拟语气。 Would you mind my shutting the door? 你介意我把门关起来吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。,I should agree with you. 我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意) May your youth last for ever！祝你青春永驻。 Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。,用所给动词的适当形式填空 If you _(come)a few minutes earlier，you _ (meet) the famous singer. He insisted that he _(be)right. It is necessary that you_(listen)to the teacher carefully. I feel as if I _(be)going to faint. I suggest that we_(hold)a meeting next week.,had come,would (could，might) have met,was,(should)listen,were,(should) hold,【单项填空】 How I wish every family_a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has Bhad C. will have D. had had 解析 wish后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。若从句表示与现在事实相反的情况，动词用一般过去时。所以答案为B项。 答案 B,If it were not for the fact that she_sing, I would invite her to the party. (2011合肥高二检测) Acouldnt Bshould Ccant Dmight not 解析 考查动词时态。句意：如果不是因为她不能唱歌这个事实，我会邀请她参加晚会。虽然这是一个虚拟语气句式，但她不能唱歌是一个事实。故用cant。that在此引导同位语从句。故选C项。 答案 C,Dont you think it necessary that he_to Miami but to New York? I agree，but the problem is_he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 解析 先联想到句型its necessary that sb (should) do sth，然后本题中think后的it是形式宾语，necessary为宾补，所以that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；第二空考查表语从句。所以选B项。 答案 B,George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he_more on its culture. Afocus Bfocused Cwould focus Dhad focused 解析 句意：乔治打算谈论他的国家的地理，但我宁愿他更多地把焦点集中在文化上。would rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，若表示与将来和现在的事实相反的情况，谓语动词要用一般过去时，由上句中“is going to.”可知B项时态正确。 答案 B,It is high time we_some effective measures to solve the job problem. Awill take Bhave taken Chad taken Dtook 解析 在its (high) time (that)句型中，从句中要用虚拟语气，通常用一般过去时，有时也可用“should动词原形”。 答案 D,建议信 【写作任务】 请你以学生王华的身份给校长写一封建议信。 【写作内容】 为了迎接即将到来的期末考试，你校要取消所有的体育课。 请你给校长写一封信，建议不要取消体育课。 【写作要求】 1词数：120词左右； 2文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。,【写作分析】 第一步：认真审题 一审体裁：本次写作要求写一封建议信。属于应用文写作范畴。建议信是向交流的对方针对某事提出你自己的合理化建议或忠告，使对方接受自己的想法、主张，从而达到解决相关问题的目的。 建议信可以是写给个人的，通常是就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可以是写给某个组织和机构的，通常是就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。 二审格式：建议信的格式和一般的书信格式基本相同，包括六个部分：信头 (发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可省略。,三审结构：可采取“三段式”结构。第一，要先阐明提出建议的原因、理由以及自己的目的、想法。这样往往可以使对方考虑你的建议的合理性，为采纳你的建议打下基础。 第二，建议的具体内容。一般建议的内容要分条列出，这样可以做到醒目。建议要具体明白切实可行。 第三，提出自己希望采纳的想法，但同时也应谨慎虚心，不说过头的话，不用命令的口气。,第二步：提炼要点 1prepare for 2in order to 3do well in 4. a necessary part of education 5. review lessons 6enrich school life 7increase students interests in studies 8. I would appreciate it if.,第三步：扩点成句 1We should do all we can to prepare for them. 2In order to make students do well in the exams our school has canceled all PE classes. 3PE is a necessary part of education. 4PE can make students healthy and give them more energy to review lessons. 5PE can enrich school life and increase students interests in studies. 6I would appreciate it if you consider my suggestion and think about letting us have PE classes again.,【参考范文】 Dear headmaster， Im writing to express my views concerning our schools decision to cancel all physical education classes. I know the final exams are coming and we should do all we can to prepare for them. Our school, in order to make students do well in the exams has canceled all PE classes. Maybe its a good idea, but I think wed better have PE classes again.,There are man