新课标2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点三形容词和副词.docx

考点三形容词和副词限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1I think playing games every evening is a waste of timethere are more _ (mean) things to do 答案：meaningful句意：我认为每天晚上玩游戏是在浪费时间还有很多有意义的事情要做。此处应用形容词修饰名词things。意为 “有意义的”， 故填meaningful。2At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but _ (eventual) he gave in as she was so confident about her skills答案：eventually句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此有把握。修饰整个句子使用副词，作状语。3John has three sisters Mary is the _ (clever) of the three 答案：most clever/cleverest设空后的of the three表示三者，因此暗示要用形容词最高级。4Dont defend him any more Its obvious that he _ (deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden 答案：deliberately句意：不要再为他辩解了，很明显他是故意弄坏花园的栅栏的。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用 deliberate的副词形式修饰动词destroyed，意为“故意地”，故填deliberately。 5The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of visitors every day, _ (especial) during national holidays 答案：especially句意：每天都有源源不断的游客来参观故宫，尤其是在国家法定假日。根据句意可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰 “during national holidays”。6What was so _ (impression) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the Marathon barefooted 答案：impressive句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利令人印象深刻的是她在马拉松比赛中赤脚，并且得了第一名。此处应用形容词作表语。故填impressive。 7Nowadays teenagers are not _ (satisfy) with appreciation of art works; they prefer to participate in them 答案：satisfied句意：现在的青少年并不满足于只是欣赏艺术作品，他们更加喜欢参与到其中。be satisfied with为固定词组，意为“对感到满意”。8John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _ (opening) 答案：open当open作宾语补足语时，一般用它的形容词，不用它的现在分词。比如：with his eyes open。9The pianos in the other shop will be _ (cheap), but not as good 答案：cheaper根据句意，两个商店之间的比较，应填入比较级形式。该句可理解为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good as those in this shop10Everything seemed to be going _ (smooth) for the first two days after I arrived in New York 答案：smoothly句意：在我到达纽约的前两天，所有事情似乎都进展得很顺利。go是一个实义动词，修饰动词，使用副词作状语。11If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ (little) money and fewer people 答案：lessbetter和fewer暗示应用比较级形式，根据句意应填入less，修饰不可数名词money。12It is _ (possible) for so few workers to do so much work in a single day 答案：impossible句意：这么少的工人在一天内做这么多的工作是不可能的。由句意可知，此处需填impossible “不可能的”。13Listening is thus an _ (act), not a passive behavior, consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering 答案：active句意：听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为，它包含了听、理解和记忆。根据后面的“not a passive”可知，此处与passive并列作定语，修饰后面的behavior，故使用形容词形式active。 14The students are _ (most) young people between the age of sixteen and twenty 答案：mostly根据语境和后面的“young”可知，使用副词mostly，意思是“主要地”，修饰谓语动词。15The new bridge is three times as _ (width) as the one built last year 答案：wide句意： 这座新桥是去年建的那座桥的三倍宽。表示 “某物是某物的几倍(宽、长、大)” 应用“Sth be倍数as形容词原级as sth”的结构。故填wide。16She said she had never gone abroad, but _ (actual) she had ever been to three countries at least答案：actually句意：她说她从未出过国，但实际上她至少去过三个国家。由句意可知，此处需用副词actually “实际上”，修饰整个句子。17What followed was a _ (touch) scene答案：touching句意：随后发生的是感人的一幕。这里要用ing形式的形容词， touching “感人的，动人的”。18How was your job interview?Oh, I couldnt feel _ (bad) I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked答案：worse根据答语的第二句可推知，回答者感觉再糟糕不过了，“cant/couldnt比较级”表示“再不过了”，所以答案为worse。19Our notes are much _ (thin) than the books so we can learn them more easily and can often review them答案：thinner句意：我们的笔记和书相比薄多了，所以学习起来相对比较容易，而且我们可以经常温习笔记。由空格后的than可知，此处应用形容词比较级，much修饰比较级。thin的比较级形式需要双写字母n再加er。20It is reported that global warming is heating the planet twice as quickly as _ (previous) feared答案：previously句意：据报道，全球变暖正以两倍于先前所担心的速度加热着地球。previously “早先，以前”，相当于before “以前”，符合句意。21If you decide to do your own makeup, here are a few _ (value) tips that will help you look your best答案：valuable句意：如果你决定自己化妆，这里有一些有用的小窍门，可以帮助你呈现最美的一面。valuable “有用的；有价值的”，修饰tips。22It was one of the largest and _ (fine) ships at that time答案：finest句意：它是当时最大最好的船只之一。由句意及and前面的largest一词可知此处应填形容词的最高级形式。23Seeing a dog suddenly appearing on the road, the driver turned the steering wheel _ (sharp) to avoid hitting it答案：sharply句意：看到一条狗突然出现在路上，司机迅速转动方向盘，以免撞上它。此处用副词sharply “迅速地，突然地”，修饰谓语动词turned。24Alex has been in China for quite a few years _ (consequent), he speaks fluent Chinese答案：Consequently句意：亚历克斯已经在中国待了好多年了，因此，他说一口流利的汉语。consequently “因此，所以”，符合句意。25The lion attacked a goat and soon the goat fell to the ground, _ (die)答案：dead句意：狮子袭击了一只山羊，很快这只山羊倒地不起，死了。此处指状态，故用形容词dead作伴随状语。26Australia is the _ (large) island country in the world, which is in the south of the earth答案：largest句意：澳大利亚是世界上最大的岛国，位于地球的南部。根据后面给出的范围in the world可知，这里应用形容词的最高级形式。27Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _ (much)答案：more根据句意可以判断，此处表示血库需要更多该种类型的血。故填more。28The manager has a strong preference for a job interview, for it evaluates a candidate more _ (thorough)答案：thoroughly句意：经理对面试工作有强烈的偏好，因为这能够更全面地评估一个应试者。thoroughly “彻底地，全面地”，修饰谓语动词evaluates。29We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us, which made us even more _ (frighten)答案：frightened句意：我们可以很清楚地看到在前方出现了一道奇异的光芒，这使得我们更加害怕。由句意可知此处应填形容词frightened，修饰人。30The farmers living conditions have improved _ (significance) ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced答案：significantly句意：自支持农业的政策实施以来，农民的生活条件显著提高了。该空需要用副词修饰动词improved，故填significantly “显著地，重大地”。二、单句改错1In college, it is going to be different from high school and Ill have to make an entire new group of friends _答案：entireentirely此处entire并不是修饰名词group，而是修饰形容词new，故将 entire改为entirely。2It was original 600 dollars, but I got a 10 percent discount _答案：originaloriginally此处应用originally，作状语，意为“起初”。3After waiting for about half an hour, I began to get impatiently _答案：impatientlyimpatient此处get在句中意为“变得”，为系动词，故其后应用形容词作表语。4Giving help to the people who need it really counts in making us happily _答案：happilyhappy此处使役动词make后应用形容词作宾补。5The mans body was pinned under the second car after it came to a suddenly stop_答案：suddenlysudden句中stop用作名词，意为“停止”，修饰名词应用形容词。6It seems that if the result is bad, what people work for will be meaningless Personally speaking, the process of fighting for a goal is less important than the result _答案：lessmore根据语境可知，表示过程比结果更加重要，因此将less改为more。 7She found someone was following her, so she felt very frightening _答案：frighteningfrightened句意： 她发现有人跟着她，因此她感到非常恐惧。描述人的心理感受，应该使用ed结尾的形容词。8As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past_答案：去掉moremuch用于修饰比较级，表示程度，而more用于构成比较级。此处longer本身已是比较级的形式，所以不需要加more。9I used to watch TV a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football to build up my body_答案：interestinginterestedbe interested in “对感兴趣”，为固定搭配。10David sings better than me, but he doesnt sing as good as my brother_答案：goodwell句意：戴维唱歌比我好，但他不如我兄弟唱得好。此处修饰动词sing，因此应用good的副词形式well。11We decided to stay at home instead of climbing the mountains because it was raining hardly_答案：hardlyhardhardly为否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。此处指雨下得大，因此应用副词hard，也可用heavily。12He is a hardworking boy and often comes to class early and leaves lately_答案：latelylatelately为副词，意思是“最近，近来”。late也可用作副词，意思是“晚”。根据句意，应该用late。13More important, it reminds them that youre thinking of them_答案：importantimportantlymore importantly “更重要的是”，作整个句子的状语，因此必须用副词。14Chopsticks may be made of any of the follow materials: bamboo, wood, gold, silver, ivory, or plastic_答案：followfollowingfollow为动词，意思是“跟随，遵循”；following为形容词，意思是“下面的，接着的”。the following materials “下面的材料”。15I am not satisfied with his answer at all It couldnt have been bad_答案：badworse句意：我对他的回答一点也不满意。真是糟糕透了。“否定词比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此应用bad的比较级形式worse。形容词和副词(一)一、形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词一般用作定语修饰名词，用作表语说明主语的性质、状态等或用作宾语补足语说明宾语的情况。2副词一般用作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子等。 但是，也有少数几个形容词，如：tired, hungry, dead等也可作状语，说明主语当时的情况或状态。同时，有的副词，如：here, there等也可作后置定语。二、“形容词ly”构成副词的规则三、与形容词同形的副词一般情况下形容词词尾加ly可以构成副词，但有的形容词以ly结尾，如：friendly, lively, lovely, manly等。另外，英语中也有一类副词，形式上与其形容词相同，但同时又可以加上ly构成另一个副词，这两种副词意义大都不同。1通常与形容词同形的副词表示直接、具体意义，ly结尾的副词表示抽象意义。常用的这类副词有： An eagle is circling high overheadThe government thinks highly of his inventionWe were all deeply moved by his story2也有一些这样的副词意义毫无关联。hard 努力地；艰苦地hardly 几乎不late晚；迟 lately近来，最近，不久前most十分，非常，很 mostly大部分地；主要地四、形容词和副词某些特殊用法1当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every等构成的复合词，如：something, anything, nothing时，经常位于这些词的后面作后置定语。I have something_important to tell you2形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。说明主语所处的状态，并不表示动作的方式。He went to bed, cold_and_hungry3“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。It cant be worseIts the worst thing (Ive ever known)4most前如果没有定冠词the修饰，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。This is a_most_interesting_story5though也可以用作副词，但用作副词时常放在句末，意为“然而，可是”。She promised to phone I heard nothing, though6cannot/never与enough或too连用，意为“再也不为过；越越好”。You cannot be careful enough/too careful to study7有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。Obviously,_your answer is absolutely wrong限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than nonrunners答案：longer此处指跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据后面的than可知，此处要使用比较级形式，故填longer。2(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy)答案：energetic本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。energetic “精力充沛的”。3(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is _ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle答案：actually根据语境，此处修饰谓语动词is，故用副词作状语。4(2018全国卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption答案：global根据语境，此处表示中国几乎占了世界化肥消耗量的30%，因此使用形容词作后面名词的定语。故填global。5(2018全国卷)That makes her baby scream, and then a 400pound male appears He screams the _ (loud) of all答案：loudest由空格后的“of all”可知，他(雄性大猩猩)喊叫的声音最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。6(2018浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _ (afford) but doing this most days adds up答案：affordablemay be后面加形容词，将afford变成形容词affordable，作表语。7(2018全国卷)Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how _ (cheap) we can make this food ourselves答案：cheaply根据how后面跟形容词或者副词，设空处修饰后面的make，作状语，故填cheaply。8(2018天津高考)_ (responsible) use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property答案：Irresponsible根据语境可知，不负责任的使用灭火器会造成危险的情况。故将responsible变成反义词irresponsible。9(2018北京高考)With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a _ (big) task答案：bigger此处强调与原来任务的对比，故填bigger。10(2018浙江高考)One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be _ (good) for the planet than plastic 答案：better根据后面的than可知，一个棉质的袋子至少使用131次才会比塑料袋对地球更加有好处，故填better。 11(2017江苏高考)Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales答案：conventional句意：仅仅在Steve Jobs去世5年后，智能手机就在销售上打败了传统的个人电脑。设空处应该用形容词形式修饰后面的名词。12(2018河南八市重点高中质检)He gave me one thing I had lost _ (complete): hope答案：completely句意：他给了我一件我完全失去的东西：希望。设空处需用副词修饰动词lost。13(2018江西九江一中第一次月考)It is _ (real) an exciting place答案：really句意：那真是一个令人兴奋的地方。设空处用副词作状语。14(2018河北唐山一次调研)Als adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the _ (kind) men I have ever known答案：kindest句意：然而Al已成年的儿子Ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据“I have ever known”可推知空处需用形容词最高级。15(2019湖北襄阳一次调研)Learning signals of respect in _ (variety) cultural backgrounds can help you avoid misunderstanding答案：various句意：学会在各种文化背景里表示尊重的信号可以帮助你们避免误解。设空处后为名词短语，需用形容词作定语，故填various。16(2018江西二次联考)Then I sat there with her, a _ (pride) mother and wife who lost her entire family a few years ago答案：proud句意：然后我和她坐在那里，这是一个几年前失去了全部家人的自豪的女人，她是一位母亲、一位妻子。设空处需用形容词作名词短语mother and wife的定语，故填proud。17(2017全国卷)_ (unfortunate), you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes答案：Unfortunately句意：不幸的是，你必须随身携带必备的设备，因为你几乎找不到天然的替代品。unfortunately用在句首，修饰整个句子，作评论性状语。18(2018福州质检)With the word “PM25” _ (constant) appearing in media reports, people pay great attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days答案：constantly句意：随着“PM25”这个词不断地出现在媒体报道中，人们更关注它，并寻找应对雾霾天气的健康建议。根据结构可知，此处应用副词形式修饰appearing。19(2016全国卷)The title will be _ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London答案：officially句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地授予我。此处修饰动词given应用副词形式。20(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of _ (great) and less importance答案：greater句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，所填词应与less并列，故用比较级greater。21(2016全国卷)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _ (gradual) turned into chopsticks答案：gradually句意：小块的食物用树枝容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。22(2016浙江高考)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help In short, hes _ (rely)答案：reliable句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他是可以信赖的。be动词后面要接形容词作表语。23(2019江苏启东中学月考)Many actors, actresses and models hold ordinary, less _ (glamor) jobs, often working as waiters or waitresses, in order to support themselves答案：glamorous句意：许多男演员、女演员和模特都从事着普通的、不那么令人向往的工作，通常是做服务员来养活自己。此处修饰名词jobs，表示令人向往的，故填形容词glamorous。24(2019湖南长沙长郡中学摸底)As a result, farmers are _ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea答案：gradually句意：结果，农民们渐渐不能使用靠近海洋的土地。此处应使用副词形式作状语。25(2018吉林普通中学一调)I _ (recent) returned to my home city and my first stop was at a museum on the River Mersey答案：recently句意：最近我回到了我的家乡，第一站就是默西河畔的一家博物馆。此处需用副词形式作状语。26(2018河南中原名校质量考评)Whenever I use public transport and if I get a place to sit, I offer that seat to someone who needs it more than I, especially to the elderly, to women or someone _ (desperate) looking for a seat答案：desperately句意：每当我乘坐公共交通工具的时候，如果我有座位坐，我会把座位让给比我更有需要的人，尤其是老人、妇女或者是渴望找到座位的人。此处需用副词(desperately)作状语。27(2018湖南郴州质检)The Xray photograph _ (clear) showed her wedding ring and her bones答案：clearly句意：那张X光影像片很清楚地展示出了她的结婚戒指和骨骼。设空处需填副词来修饰showed。28(2019内蒙古赤峰二中高三第二次月考)As Artificial Intelligence becomes _ (increasing) complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat答案：increasingly修饰形容词complicated，应该使用副词作状语。29(2018福建四地六校月考)His words touched me, and I _ (sudden) realized that family is the most important in the world答案：suddenly句意：他的话打动了我，我突然意识到家庭是世界上最重要的。设空处需要副词作状语。30(2019广东高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met) is one of the worlds _ (large) art museums答案：largest句意：大都会艺术博物馆是最大的博物馆之一。根据“one of the形容词最高级复数名词”的结构，此处使用largest。 二、单句改错1(2019肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)Since there are such many good points with online reading, no wonder it is so popular!_答案：suchsomany此处为形容词，需用副词so修饰。2(2018全国卷)Immediate, I raised my hand _答案：ImmediateImmediately根据语境，此处修饰整个句子，使用副词，作状语。3(2017全国卷)The government spent near 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves_答案：nearnearly句意：政府几乎花费了30年的时间，提出了一个再引进狼的计划。nearly “几乎，差不多”，为副词，修饰动词spent。4(2017北京高考)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their value time_答案：valuevaluable句意：为了节省乘客们的宝贵时间，许多航空公司允许乘客们自己在线打印机票。time是名词，此处用形容词作定语。5(2017北京高考)People have good access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result_答案：goodbetter句意：比起过去，现在的人们拥有更好的医疗条件，因此现在人们比过去更长寿。由than判断可知，good应用比较级形式，因此用better。6(2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life_答案：worseworst句意：它们也是我生命中最好和最坏的时光。此处用最高级，与前面的the best呼应。7(2016全国卷)At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understa