（江苏专用）2020版高考英语大一轮复习Unit1Gettingalongwithothers知能演练轻松闯关（含解析）牛津译林版.docx

Unit 1 Getting along with othersA卷 单项填空1(2019无锡辅仁中学检测)Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.ApointBideaCattitude DsightC解析：句意：尽管一个人的饮食态度有着很大的不同， 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。 point“点； 意义”； idea“主意， 念头”； attitude“态度， 看法”； sight“视力” 。 2(2019南京高三调研)A lot of the waste thrown away in the U.S._ being shipped overseas to China, India, and other developing countries.Abreaks up Bclears upCsums up Dends upD解析：句意：美国扔掉的废物， 许多都被运往海外， 运送到中国、 印度和其他发展中国家。 break up“结束； 解散， 驱散； 关系破裂， 离异”； clear up“打扫； 清理； (天气)放晴； 澄清”； sum up“总结， 概括”； end up“结束； 告终； 最终处于” 。 end up doing“结果” 。 3I think you should phone Jenny and _her for what you did.No way.It is her fault.Ill never _her for what she has done wrong to my parents.Aapologize; forgive Bapologize to; forgiveCforgive; apologize Dapologize to; teaseB解析：根据语境可判断， 第一空要表达的是“apologize to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉”， apologize为不及物动词。 根据No way.It is her fault.以及never可判断第二空应填forgive。 4Workers approaching retirement should be saving more, not less, _ low rate of interest.Ain terms of Bregardless ofCas a result of Din spite of C解析：句意：由于低利率， 临近退休的职工应该存更多而不是更少的钱。in terms of“就而言”； regardless of“不顾， 不管”； as a result of“因为， 由于”； in spite of“尽管” 。5The singer is always very_ to the reaction of the audience when she gives a performance.Asentimental BpositiveCsensible DsensitiveD解析：句意：这位歌手在演出时总是对观众的反应非常敏感。 be sensitive to“对敏感”； sentimental“多愁善感的”； positive“积极的， 肯定的”； sensible“明智的， 可感知的” 。 6_ electronic mail, today you can send a letter halfway around the world in seconds simply by pressing a button.AThanks to BApart fromCRegardless of DAccording toA解析：句意：幸亏有了电子邮件， 现在你只要按一下按钮就能在几秒内把一封信寄出半个世界了。 根据句意可知应选A项。 apart from表示“除以外”； regardless of表示“不管， 不论”； according to表示“依据， 根据”。 7After looking over my plan, the manager hoped I could _ a better and more practical one.Aend up with Bcatch up withCcome up with Dget along withC解析：句意：浏览了我的计划后， 经理希望我能想出一个更好更实用的计划。 end up with“以告终/结束”； catch up with“追上， 赶上”； come up with“想出， 提出”； get along with“与相处， 取得进展”。 8Jack must have got very excited when he picked up three awards in total in the music awards ceremony on Thursday night, _ he?Amustnt BneedntCdidnt DhasntC解析：must have done结构的反意疑问句有didnt.和havent.两种构成方式， 如果句中有过去的时间状语， 就用前者didnt.构成。 所以答案是C项。 9We are lucky to be among the generation of people who have _ and experienced the great social changes in our country.Aconflicted BrespondedCwitnessed DassociatedC解析：句意：我们是幸运的一代人，因为我们见证了国家巨大的变化。 conflict“冲突”； respond“回应”； associate“相关”； witness“见证”， 故选C。 10(2019苏北五市模拟)_to too much sunlight, as is generally considered, will add to the potential of catching skin cancer.ABeing exposed BExposedCExposing DTo exposeA解析：此处为非谓语动词作主语， 所以用动名词或动词不定式， 但根据句意“人们都认为， 皮肤过多地暴露在太阳下， 会增加患皮肤癌的可能性” 可知需用被动形式， 所以选A。 11Can you help me with the maths homework, Mom?You cant always _ others help for your homework.Do it by yourself this time, dear.Await on Brely onCinsist on Dturn onB解析：rely on“依赖， 依靠”， 符合句意。 wait on“服侍， 焦急地等待”； insist on“坚持”； turn on“打开” 。 12Im always _ about what I say because some careless remarks are likely to hurt others feelings.Aenthusiastic BcuriousCdoubtful DcautiousD解析：句意：我说话总是很谨慎， 因为一些无心的话可能会伤害到别人的感情。 enthusiastic“狂热的”； curious“好奇的”； doubtful“感到怀疑的”； cautious“谨慎的” 。 13(2019盐城中学高三综合测试)Henry rather than Tom and James _ for the loss.Aare to blamed Bis to blamedCare to blame Dis to blameD解析：be to blame“该受责备， 应负责任”， 是固定结构， A rather than B 作主语时， 谓语动词和A一致。 14The thief admitted _ over 10 motorbikes and now he has been arrested.Ato steal Bto have stolenCstealing Dhaving stolenD解析：admit后面需跟动名词作宾语， 再根据句意“这个小偷承认偷了10辆摩托车， 现在已经被抓了” 可知， 最佳答案为动名词的完成时态。 15 Do you mind if I open the window? _ I feel a bit cold.AOf course not. BId rather you didnt.CGo ahead. DWhy not?B解析：Id rather you didnt.表示 “我倒宁愿你不这样”， 委婉地拒绝对方。 阅读理解A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the countrys teenage girls has become worse.The survey, which included 30，000 14yearold students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005.British boys stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period，from 17 percent to 15 percent.The reports authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls.“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical，cognitive(认知的) and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a recent blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent(有能力的) adults.In the past，they would engage with parents，teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.”Throughout adolescence，girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and selfcontrol.Since teenage brains have not completely developed，teens dont have the cognitive awareness and impulse(冲动) control to keep from posting inappropriate content.Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences.“Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance，” Ramsden said.These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person.However，these images and the messages tied to them gradually become societal standards.【解题导语】一项新研究发现，英国女孩的心理健康状况变得更糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的到来可能是造成英国女孩心理压力加大的主要因素。1The statistics in the second paragraph show that_Amore and more children in Britain have mental health problemsBfew girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005Cmore boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure nowDmore British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do nowD解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句可知，调查显示，2014年37%的英国女孩有心理压力，而2005年只有34%；根据第二段的第二句可知，同期调查显示，英国男孩有心理压力的从2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。据此可以判断，英国女孩有心理压力的比男孩多，故D项正确。2Contrary to traditional ways of interaction, social media_Ahelps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and selfcontrolBhas many negative effects on girls characteristic developmentCmakes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate contentDteaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standardsB解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance” 可知，由于青少年的思想还不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒体对英国女孩的心理健康和她们对外表美丑的判断产生了消极的影响。故B项正确。3The underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”AarrivalBendCdisappearance DinventionA解析：词义猜测题。结合该段内容和下文关于传统交流方式和社交媒体的比较可知，报告的作者指出，“社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国女孩心理压力增加的主要因素。据此可知，画线词意为“到来”，故A项正确。 任务型阅读Weve been hearing feedback from our customers about the way we handle performance for iPhones with older batteries and how we have communicated that process. We know that some of you feel Apple has let you down. We apologize. Theres been a lot of misunderstanding about this issue, so we would like to clarify it and let you know about some changes were making.First and foremost, we have neverand would neverdo anything to intentionally shorten the life of any Apple product, or degrade the user experience to drive customer upgrades. Our goal has always been to create products that our customers love, and making iPhones last as long as possible is an important part of that.All rechargeable batteries are consumable components that become less effective as they chemically age and their ability to hold a charge diminishes. Time and the number of times a battery has been charged are not the only factors in this chemically aging process.Device use also affects the performance of a battery over its lifespan. For example, leaving or charging a battery in a hot environment can cause a battery to age faster.A chemically aged battery becomes less capable of delivering peak energy loads, especially in a low state of charge, which may lead to a device unexpectedly shutting itself down in some situations.It should go without saying that we think sudden, unexpected shutdowns are unacceptable. We dont want any of our users to lose a call, miss taking a picture or have any other part of their iPhone experience interrupted if we can avoid it.About a year ago in iOS 10.2.1, we delivered a software update that improves power management during peak workloads to avoid unexpected shutdowns on iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, and iPhone SE. With the update, iOS dynamically manages the maximum performance of some system components when needed to prevent a shutdown. While these changes may go unnoticed, in some cases users may experience longer launch time for apps and other reductions in performance.Of course, when a chemically aged battery is replaced with a new one, iPhone performance returns to normal when operated in standard conditions.To address our customersconcerns, to recognize their loyalty and to regain the trust of anyone who may have doubted Apples intentions, weve decided to take the following steps：Apple is reducing the price of an outofwarranty iPhone battery replacement by $50from $79 to $29for anyone with an iPhone 6 or later whose battery needs to be replaced, starting in late January and available worldwide through December 2018.Early in 2018, we will issue an iOS software update with new features that give users more visibility into the health of their iPhones battery, so they can see for themselves if its condition is affecting performance.At Apple, our customers trust means everything to us. We will never stop working to earn and maintain it. We are able to do the work we love only because of your faith and supportand we will never forget that or take it for granted.A Message to Our Customers About iPhone Batteries and PerformanceSubtitlesDetails1._ and clarificationWe are sorry for letting you down.We never degrade user experience.How batteries 2_timetimes a battery has been charged3._ a device is usedThe 4._ of an aged battery A device may shut itself down unexpectedly, resulting 5._ the poor capability of delivering peak energy loads.6._ of unexpectedshutdownsA software update was delivered to improve power management by 7._ the maximum performance of some system components, which 8._ reduces their performance.Addressing customers concernsWell reduce the price of some battery replacement.Well issue an iOS software update, 9._ customers to see for themselves if the 10._condition is affecting performance.【解题导语】本文取材于苹果公司就iPhone的电池和性能向顾客作出的声明。1Apology解析：直接信息题。根据第一段第三句话 “We apologize”和表格右栏中的对应内容可知答案为 Apology。2age解析：信息转换题。根据第三段第二句 “Time and the number of times a battery has been charged are not the only factors in this chemically aging process.”可知，时间和电池被充电的次数是这种化学式老化过程的因素；再根据空处应该填动词可知，应填 age “老化”。3how解析：信息转换题。第四段讲述了使用设备的方法也影响电池寿命，故填 how。4consequence解析：信息转换题。根据第五段中的 “which may lead to a device unexpectedly shutting itself down in some situations”和表格右栏的内容可知，此处讲的是电池老化的结果，所以填 consequence。5from解析：信息转换题。根据第五段内容可知，空后的“the poor capability of delivering peak energy loads”是设备意外关机的原因，故填 from。6Prevention解析：信息转换题。第七段讲述的是苹果公司为避免设备突然关机采取的措施，根据第七段第二句中的“when needed to prevent a shutdown”的 prevent 的提示和空后的 of 可知，空处要填名词形式，故填 Prevention。7managing解析：直接信息题。根据第七段第二句中的 “iOS dynamically manages the maximum performance of some system components”的 manages的提示和空前的 by 可知，答案为 managing。8occasionally/sometimes解析：信息转换题。根据第七段第三句可知，空处与 in some cases 同义替换，故答案为 occasionally/sometimes。9helping/enabling/allowing解析：信息转换题。根据第十一段中的 “give users more visibility into the health of their iPhones battery”可知，此处表示帮助/使得使用者看到电池的状态，所以答案为 helping/enabling/allowing。10batterys解析：信息转换题。根据第十一段内容和其中的“if its condition is affecting performance”可知，这里说的是电池的状态是否在影响性能，故答案为 batterys。B卷 完形填空One day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were _1_Like many other parents, mine were hard to _2_ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd _3_I also thought two would be even better.I checked the _4_ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could _5_but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to _6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “_8_”， and she called my parents _9_ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into _10_，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the _11_ Sunday, we all met at my house and _12_ the trees into a truck.I _13_ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was _14_ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them _15_ we were there.When Christmas _16_，of course, we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded, so Mom and Dad got _17_ presents that year.Almost half a century later, I _18_ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome _19_ and remember giving a special _20_ to special people at Christmas in October.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。1AdistinctiveBfragrantCexpensiveDprettyD解析：上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive “与众不同的”；fragrant “芳香的”；expensive“贵的”。2Ashop BrepresentCanswer DcareA解析：根据上文的“Like many other parents，mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得父母买东西是很难的，故选shop “购物”。3Adeserve BappreciateCadvertise DimagineB解析：根据上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve “值得，应得”；appreciate “感激，欣赏”；advertise “为做广告”；imagine“想象”。4Aresult BnumberCprice DexpressC解析：根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。5Aafford BexpectCfancy DhandleA解析：参见上题解析。6Afrighten BassistCsurprise DrewardC解析：从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。7Awarmed BfrozeCsoftened DdarkenedB解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”及“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze “结冰”符合语境。8Atrick BpurchaseCchoice DdecorationA解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个骗局(trick)。9Ain advance Bin timeCby accident Don purposeA解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。in time “及时”；by accident “意外地”； on purpose“故意地”。10Aservice BactionCeffect DproductionB解析：根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner” 可知，随后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action “行动起来”符合语境。go into service “投入使用”；go into effect “生效”；go into production “投入生产”。11Aregular BseparateCgiven DchosenD解析：根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。12Asorted BloadedCtransported DtransplantedB解析：根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。sort“整理”； transport “运输，运送”；transplant “移植”。13Adressed up Bpassed offClooked on Dstarted outA解析：根据下文的“as Santa Claus” 可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as.“把冒充为”；look on sb./sth.as. “把当作”；start out as.“以开始，起初是”。14Adelighted BannoyedCdisappointed DconvincedD解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first” 可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced “确信，坚信”符合语境。15Awhen BhowCwhy DwhetherC解析：根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。16Acame around Bdropped outCturned up Ddrew inA解析：根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。come around “再次出现，再度发生”； drop out “退出”；turn up “出现”；draw in “(白天变得)渐短”。17Agenerous BadditionalCdouble DspecialC解析：根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to.with a special Christmas in October” 可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。18Aeven BjustConce DstillD解析：根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。19Afarms BtreesCtrucks DyardsB解析：参见上题解析。20Acongratulation BgiftCdonation DgreetingB解析：作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。congratulation“祝贺”； donation “捐赠物”；greeting “问候”。 阅读理解AGrandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasnt relative. Half of all childless seniors