语法名词性从句用MicrosoftPowerPoint演示文稿.ppt

名词性从句,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),请判断出下列的句子哪部分是从句, 并判断属于哪种从句:,1. What I want to do is taking a bath. 2. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. 3. I dont think (that) he is an honest boy. 4. The fact is that he stole the car. 5. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 6. Do you know the man who is standing over there? 7. It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),名词性从句的引导词通常有： 1. 连接代词that, whether, if. what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which whichever whomever 2. 连接副词when, where, how, why whenever wherever however ,She said (that) she is going to learn English. I want to know whether/if she still lives there. I dont know who all these people are. She wants to know which film I like best. Please tell me where she lives. I am not interested in what he is doing. I am afraid he wont come on time.,宾语从句,在句中充当及物动词, 介词或某些形容词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,用合适的连接词填空,1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom） 3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks _ he can do it better.（how, who） 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）,why,who,that,how,how soon,宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。,我认为他不会对我撒谎的. I dont think he will lie to me. 我认为我们不应该借钱给他. I dont think we should lend him money.,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。that不能省.,believe, consider, feel, find, make, think,宾语从句的时态和语序,Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen,3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris,4. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the nearest railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station,5. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives,6. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought,7. Can you tell me _? A. whats the matter with him B. what the matter with him is C. what happened with him D. what with him happened,宾语从句中谓语用should do的情况: The general ordered that troops (should) set off at once. He suggested that we (should) all buy dictionaries. I insisted that he (should) apologize to me. recommend require advise demand,句型转换 1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） Please tell me _ _ _ _. 2. What does he do? Do you know? （改为宾语从句） Do you know _ he _? 3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.,when,the,train,arrives,what,does,if/whether,wanted,4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. （改为宾语从句） I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. 5. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him. （同义句） Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try something new.,if/whether,was,if/whether,he,wanted,6. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea. 7. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy. 8. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.,dont,think,is,which,trousers,she,will,how,to,get,The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog. I didnt tell him anything except that I wasnt able to find my way back.,表语从句,在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词和系动词后面)叫做表语从句。,我们的目的是他能认识到错误。,Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.,注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。,问题是它是否值得做。,The question is whether it is worth doing.,注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”,试区分以下句子,Is this museum what you visited?,Is this the museum that you visited?,Is this museum the one that you visited?,注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。,(表从),(定从),(定从),That house is _ the garden tools are stored. The reason why I dont want to go there is _ Ive just got a new job here. That was _ they had made the mistake. Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago. The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future.,where,that,how/why,what,that,6. What we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow. 7. That was _ they didnt pay much attention to the teacher in class. 8. My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present. 9. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour. 10. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us.,whether,why,that,whether,that,问题是谁能帮我学英语. 这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因. 那就是我要告诉你的. 问题是他是否会同意这个建议.,The question is who can help me with my English.,That is why she is unwilling to study abroad.,That is what I will tell you.,The question is whether he will agree with the suggestion.,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.,That,主语从句,Whether,What he said is not true. Who broke the window has not been found out. How he escaped is still a mystery. Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.,注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数 有时用复数 What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定 What he needs _ that book. What he needs_ some books. When and where to go_ been decided. When to go and where to go_ been decided.,is,are,hasnt,havent,Exercise 1 _ she said puzzled him. _ she said such a thing puzzled him. _ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed. _ they dont want to drop the plan is clear. _ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. _ it is going to snow this evening is not certain.,What,Why,Whom/who,That,How,Whether,Exercise 2,_ (她离开他) cut him to the cut. _ (月球上没有生命) is known to all. _ (我在会议上说的) must be kept secret. _ (是否这件事是真的) remains a question. _ (我们什么时候开会) is to be discussed.,That she left him,That there is no life on the moon,What I said at the meeting,Whether it is true,When we will have the meeting,That he cant attend the party is a pity. It is a pity that he cant attend the party. How much money is needed is hard to say. It is hard to say how much money is needed. That the moon moves around the earth is known to all. It is known to all that the moon moves around the earth.,it 做形式主语,It + be + 形容词 that从句,It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that . 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显,It + be + -ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to us/all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定,用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,It + be + 名词 that从句,It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,Exercise 3,It is a wonder _ you werent injured. It is still unknown _ this took place. It makes no difference to me _ he is rich or poor. It is not yet decided _ is to take her place as secretary. It is said _ this plaza has 15 cinemas. It doesnt matter _ you are going to do it.,that,where/why/when,whether,who,that,whether,Exercise 4,你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。 他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？ 据说我们清明节要放三天假。 4. 他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。,It is a pity that you missed the new movie yesterday.,Is it true that they are going to set up a new hospital here?,It is said that well take three days off on Tomb Sweeping Day.,It isnt important to me whether he can make a lot of money.,同位语从句,在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。,他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。,He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.,试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,表语从句,表语从句,The suggestion _is worth considering. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。,that students should learn something practical,Dad made a promise _ _,that he would buy _,me CD player if I passed the English test.,爸爸承诺如果我通过英语考试就会给我买 一个CD机。,他建议我们走着去那儿是可以被接受的。(proposal) 很多老师都持有一个观点：青少年不应该花费太多时间上网。(hold a view) Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 你知道我们几点开会吗？(idea) 他借口说他的车坏在半路了。(make an excuse),His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.,Do you have any idea when we will have the meeting?,He made an excuse that his car broke down on the half way.,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that 7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon,C,D,C,A,B,D,B,单项填空,8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break 9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what 10.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes 11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if 12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what,A,A,D,D,A,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),F,T,T,F,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序陈述语序,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,1.that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。 但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名 词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主 语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从 句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that / what,1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 9._ has made China_ it is now?,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,what,what,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置)不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure. 2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 4.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money.,2.whether与if的辨用,7. 用if会引起歧义时。 Please let me know if you like it. 该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。 或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。,5. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 6.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if I dont know whether it is right or not.,引导动词之后的宾语从句可用if 或者whether,Practice time,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go. 9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,3.其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的 选择who、which、when、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义， 又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他长的什么样子。 I have no idea _ he looks like. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。,That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we dont have enough money She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.,1.)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。,4. that不能省略的情况,2).It 做形式宾语的宾语从句：,I dont think it necessary that you should read English loudly.,3).并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略 He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone. 4).当that宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时， Tell him that if he comes tomorrow,please call me. 5).当that 前有插入语时 Tom didnt know,Im sure,that his sister was going to Japan.,6).当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,that/ (that),1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3.The reason is _ he is careless . 4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,5.whatever/whoever 的功用： Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。Whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who,1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished.,Anyone who,2. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do.,anything that,疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别： 疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.,No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever,三.宾语从句的时态呼应,1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,五、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。,1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money. 3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,that/ whether / where/ how,where,how,that,that,whether,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的 具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且 在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分 时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明， 表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体 含义,且不可省略.,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,同位语从句/定语从句,定,同,同,定,It 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens that显然、明显、 碰巧 Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,It is