语言文化论文-英汉谚语的比较.doc

语言文化论文英汉谚语的比较ABSTRACTPROVERBSARETHECREAMOFALANGUAGETHEYREFLECTTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREHUMANBEINGS’COMMONSOCIALACTIVITIESAREINMANYASPECTSSIMILAR,SOENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSHAVESIMILARITIESBECAUSEOFTHECULTURALDIFFERENCES,ENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSHAVEDIFFERENCESINTHEIRDETAILEDCONTENTSTHEAUTHORCOMPARESTHEIRSIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESANDALSOPROPOSESTHATENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSWILLBREAKTHEBOUNDARYANDACCOMPLISHINTERFUSIONENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSHAVESIMILARORIGINANDSIMILARLINGUISTICCHARACTERSTHEYBOTHORIGINATEFROMFOLKLIFE,MYTHOLOGY,LITERARYWORKSANDFROMOTHERLANGUAGESDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSALSOEXISTTHATISDIFFERENTGEOGRAPHY；DIFFERENTHISTORYCUSTOMS；DIFFERENTRELIGIONSANDDIFFERENTVALUECONCEPTSKEYWORDSPROVERBS；SIMILARITIES；DIFFERENCES；INTERFUSION摘要谚语是语言的一个重要组成部分，是各国语言文学艺术宝库中的一朵奇葩。谚语体现了语言与文化的关系。由于人类的普遍社会活动和心理思维过程有许多共同之处，因此英汉谚语也存在着相同之处。但由于各国具体历史文化背景的不同，所以英汉谚语又存在着差异。本文分析了英汉谚语的相同点与不同点，并提出英汉谚语在跨文化交际中的渗透与融合。英汉谚语有着相同的起源和语言特点。都来自民间生活，神话传说，文学作品和外来语。英汉谚语的语言具有简炼和生动形象的特点。但从具体内容来看，英汉谚语表现了不同的地理、历史、宗教和文化价值观念。最后指出随着世界文化的交流，谚语逐渐打破国家和民族的界限，英汉谚语在互相渗透与融合。关键词谚语；相同点；不同点；融合1INTRODUCTIONTHEDEFINITIONOFPROVERBBYOXFORDADVANCEDLEARNER’SENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARYIS“SHORTWELLKNOWNSAYINGTHATSTATESAGENERALTRUTHORGIVESADVICE”精练的俗语，或为普遍道理或为劝诫语WUZHANKUNSAIDTHATPROVERBSARETHECRYSTALOFNATIONALWISDOMANDEXPERIENCETHEYAREFREQUENTLYUSEDORALLYANDHANDEDDOWNFROMGENERATIONTOGENERATIONANDUSUALLYGIVEPEOPLEINFORMATIONANDSPEAKTHETRUTHTHEYARESHORTSENTENCESWITHCOMMONSTYLE,CONCISESTRUCTURE,ANDVIVIDLANGUAGE1WANGQINSAIDTHATPROVERBSARETHESUMMINGUPOFPRACTICALEXPERIENCESTHEYARETHEORALFORMSOFLANGUAGETHATGIVEPEOPLEEXPERIENCE,ADVICEORWARNING2THEGREATENGLISHPHILOSOPHERFRANCISBACONONCESAID“THEGENIUS,WITANDSPIRITOFANATIONAREDISCOVEREDINITSPROVERBS”FROMTHESEDEFINITIONS,WECANSEECOMMONCHARACTERSOFPROVERBSPROVERBSARETHECRYSTALOFTHENATIONALWISDOMANDEXPERIENCEPROVERBSARECOLLOQUIAL,SOTHEYAREVERYEASYTOBEREMEMBEREDANDHANDEDDOWNTHEYUSUALLYGIVEPEOPLEADVICEANDWARNINGPROVERBSARETHECREAMOFALANGUAGELANGUAGEANDCULTUREARETIGHTLYINTERACTEDWITHEACHOTHER；EACHINFLUENCINGANDSHAPINGTHEOTHERLANGUAGEISPARTOFCULTURETHECHINESELANGUAGEISPARTOFCHINACULTUREANDENGLISHLANGUAGEISPARTOFENGLISHCULTURELANGUAGEISTHECARRIERANDCONTAINEROFCULTUREHUMANKNOWLEDGEANDEXPERIENCEAREDESCRIBEDANDSTOREDINLANGUAGE3ASAPARTOFLANGUAGE,PROVERBSCLOSELYINTEGRATEDWITHTHESOCIETYANDCULTUREPROVERBSREFLECTMANYASPECTSOFTHENATIONSUCHASGEOGRAPHY,HISTORY,RELIGIOUSFAITHANDVALUESENGLISHANDCHINESEBELONGTOTWODIFFERENTLANGUAGESYSTEMS,HAVINGGREATDIFFERENCESINTHEIRCULTURESBUTHUMANBEINGS’COMMONSOCIALACTIVITIESANDEMOTIONALREFLECTIONANDOBSERVATIONOFTHEWORLDAREINMANYASPECTSSIMILARSONOTONLYDIFFERENCESBUTALSOMANYSIMILARITIESEXISTINENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSWITHTHECOMMUNICATIONOFWORLD,ENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSAREPERMEATINGANDINTERFUSINGEACHOTHER2SIMILARITIESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSTHESIMILARITIESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSMAINLYLIEINTHEIRORIGINSANDLINGUISTICCHARACTERS21SIMILARORIGINSPROVERBSARECONCISE,VIVIDANDCOMMONSHORTSENTENCESWHICHBEUSEDANDPASSEDONORALLYTHEYARETHESUMMINGUPOFTHEEXPERIENCEINTHEPRODUCTIONSTRUGGLEANDTHESOCIALLIFEANDTHECRYSTALOFWISDOM4ANENGLISHPROVERBITSELFTELLSUSTHAT“PROVERBSARETHEDAUGHTEROFEXPERIENCE”FROMTHESEWECANFINDTHATENGLISHANDCHINESEPROVERBSENJOYTHESIMILARORIGINTHEYBOTHORIGINATEFROMPEOPLE’SDAILYLIFEANDEXPERIENCESPECIFICALLYSPEAKING,THEYBOTHCOMEFROMFOLKLIFE,MYTHOLOGY,LITERARYWORKSANDFROMOTHERLANGUAGES211ORIGINATINGFROMFOLKLIFEPROVERBSARETHESUMMARYOFPEOPLE’SDAILYLIFEANDEXPERIENCE,ANDCLOSELYRELATEDTOTHEPRACTICEOFPEOPLE’SLIFEANDWORK,REVEALINGAUNIVERSALTRUTHFROMDETAILSSOASTOENLIGHTENPEOPLETHEREAREMANYPROVERBSORIGINATEDFROMFOLKLIFETHEYARECREATEDBYWORKINGPEOPLE,SUCHASFARMERS,WORKMEN,HUNTERS,BUSINESSMEN,ARMYMENANDSOONTHEYUSEFAMILIARTERMSTHATWEREASSOCIATEDWITHTHEIROWNFIELDSEGFARMERSCREATEDTHEFOLLOWINGPROVERBS1MAKEHAYWHILETHESUNSHINES2APRILRAINYFORCORN,MAYFORGRASS3肥不过春雨,瘦不过秋霜。4春天不忙，秋后无粮。WORKMENCREATEDTHEFOLLOWINGPROVERBS5STRIKEWHILETHEIRONISHOT6AGOODANVILDOESNOTFEARTHEHAMMER7木匠怕漆匠，漆匠怕光亮。HUNTERSCREATEDTHEFOLLOWINGPROVERBS8HETHATISAFRAIDOFEVERYBUSHWILLNEVERPROVEAGOODHUNTSMAN9上山打虎心要狠，下海提龙心要齐。BUSINESSMENCREATEDTHEFOLLOWINGPROVERBS10YOUPAYYOURMONEYANDTAKEYOURCHOICE11货有高低三等价，客无远近一样待。ARMYMENCREATEDTHEFOLLOWINGPROVERBS12AGOODGENERALMAKEGOODMEN13养兵千日，用在一时。THESEWEREFIRSTUSEDBYALIMITEDGROUPOFPEOPLEINTHESAMEFIELDSBECAUSETHEYAREPHILOSOPHICALCOLLOQUIALISM,LATERTHEYGRADUALLYGAINEDWIDEACCEPTANCEANDPARTLYBECAMEPARTOFTHECOMMONCORNOFLANGUAGEANDARENOWUSEDINMANYOTHERSITUATIONS212ORIGINATINGFROMMYTHOLOGYEACHNATIONHASITSOWNMYTHOLOGY,FABLEANDALLUSIONCHINESETRADITIONALCULTURE,ANCIENTGREEKANDROMANCIVILIZATIONBEQUEATHMANYMYTHOLOGIESANDALLUSIONSTHEYBECOMEONEOFTHEMAJORSOURCESOFPROVERBSTHESTORIESANDHEROESINGREEKMYTHOLOGY,THEFABLEOFAESOPANDTHEHOMERLEFTALOTOFPROVERBSEG14IFEARTHEGREEKS,EVENWHENBRINGINGGIFTSFROMTHEWELLKNOWNSTORYOFTHETROJANHORSEBYWHICHTHEGREEKSTOOKTHECITYOFTROY15YOUCANNOTMAKEAMERCURYOFEVERYDOGFROMROMANMYTHOLOGYITMEANSTHATNOTEVERYMINDWILLANSWEREQUALLYWELLTOBETRAINEDINTOASCHOLAR16THEFOXSAIDTHEGRAPESWERESOURFROMTHEFABLESOFA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