There be句型的几种特殊结构及其用法.doc -- 5 元

Therebe句型的几种特殊结构及其用法Annneverdreamsofforhertobesentabroadverysoon．A）theretobeachanceB）therebEingachanceC）therebeachanceD）beingachance该题的答案为B）。动词dreamof要求跟Ving分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟Ving分词结构作宾语，therebeingachance意为有一个机会又如NoonehadtoldSmithabout____alecturethefollowingday．A）therebeB）therewouldbeC）therewasD）therebeingD）。介词about后要求跟Ving分词结构作宾语，therebeing（alecture）意为有（一个讲座），ItisfairlycommoninAfricafortheretobeanensembleofexpertmusicianssurroundedbyotherswhojoininbyclapping，singing，orsomehowaddingtothetotalityofmusicalsound．该句子中出现了fortheretobe的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解介词后要求跟Ving分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的但是，实际上此结构没有错，这就是本文想要解答的问题therebe句型的特殊结构及其用法。一、therebe句型与各种情态动词连用。例如Theremustbesomethingwronghere．Theremightstillbesomevacantseatsintherear．Thereoughttobesomethingwithwhichtofillyourstocking．二、therebe句型中的谓语动词be被belikelytobe，happentobe，seem（tobe），occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthantheyhavebeenpreparedfor．Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom．Theredoesntseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam．Thereseemsnodoubtthatthegeneralcharacterofthelandscape，therelativelengthofdayandnight，andtheclimatemustallplayabigpartindeterminingwhatkindofpeopleweare．Therehaveoccurredmanygreatchangessincewemetlast．三、therebe句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示静止、存在、有。例如Therelivesafamilyoffiveinthevillage．Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone．TherestandstheMonumenttothePeoplesHeroesatthecenteroftheTiananmenSquare．Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion．四、therebe句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如come，springup，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow,等，用来表示突然出现。例如Thereappearstobenosubstituteforthisstuffyet．Therecameacompanyofactorsandactresses．Therefollowedaspiriteddiscussionafterclass．五、therebe句型中be用不定式，形成（for）theretobe＋宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在（for）theretobe＋宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。1．theretobe＋宾格词在句中作宾语。例如Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams．theretobe＋宾格词结构在句中作动词expect的宾语，句中的宾格词morereviewingclasses作theretobe不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用tobe的形式，因为这种不定式结构是从therebe结构转化而来的。又如Peopledontwanttheretobeanotherwar．Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice．ItisfairlycommoninAfricafortheretobeanensembleofexpertmusicianssurroundedbyotherswhojoininbyclapping，singing，orsomehowaddingtothetotalityofmusicalsound．theretobe＋宾格词结构在句中作介词for的宾语，句中的宾格词anensembleofexpertmusicians作theretobe不定式结构的逻辑主语。2．fortheretobe＋宾格词在句中作状语。例如Itisntcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight，soIcanleaveJimscaroutquitesafely．（fortheretobe＋宾格词作结果状语）特别应该注意的是，fortheretobe＋宾格词在句中作状语时必须用介词for引出therebe后面的宾格词。又如Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication，theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussingitselfbyallpresent．（fortheretobe＋宾格词作目的状语）Theyplannedfortheretobeanothermeeting．（fortheretobe＋宾格词作目的状语）3．theretobe＋宾格词在句中作主语。例如Itsagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany．特别应该注意的是，fortheretobe＋宾格词在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出therebe后面的宾格词。又如Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanymoreapples．Fortheretobesofewpeopleinthestreetswasunusual．六、therebe句型中be用V－ing分词，形成（of）therebEing＋宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在（of）therebeing＋宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。1．therebeing＋宾格词在句中作宾语。例如Haveyoueverthoughtoftherebeingsomanyworkunitsforyoutochooseonthetalentsmeeting（therebeing＋宾格词作宾语）therebeing＋宾格词结构在句中作介词of的宾语，句中的宾格词somanyworkunits作therebeingVing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如Noonehadtoldhimanythingabouttherebeingabeautifulstoryaboutthelake．Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity．2．therebeing＋宾格词在句中作状语。例如Therebeingnocauseforalarm，shewentbacktoherbedroom．（therebeing＋宾格词作原因状语）therebeing＋宾格词结构在句中作状语，句中的宾格词nocause作therebeingVing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如Therehavingbeenastrongsuspicionagainsttheabilityofthedirector，thedepartmentaskedhimtoresign．（therebeing＋宾格词作原因状语）Therebeingnothingtobedone，theyhavetogobackhome．（therebeing＋宾格词作原因状语）Therebeingnofurtherbusiness，thechairmanclosedthemeeting．（therebeing＋宾格词作原因状语）3．therebeing＋宾格词在句中作主语。例如Therebeingabusstopsonearthehouseisagreatadvantage．therebeing＋宾格词结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词abusstop作therebeingVing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。七、therebe句型中be用be＋Ved分词，形成therebe＋Ved分词＋宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在therebe＋Ved分词＋宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。例如Therewasfoundalotoffoodinthekitchencupboard．TherearenowpublishedmillionsofbookseveryyearinChina．TherewasshownattheexhibitionanelectroniccomputermadeinShanghai．八、therebeno＋主语名词的习惯用法。1．Ving分词在therebeno结构中作主语，表示不可能、无法。例如ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinaisstilladevelopingcountry．Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters．Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappentohimnext．2．thereisnopoint＋Ving分词，表示没有必要，无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如Wearedisappointedwiththenewofficerelectedinourbridgeclub，buttherEisnopointworryingaboutit．3．thereisnouse＋Ving分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如Thereisnouseadvisinghimtogiveupsmoking．4．thereisnogood＋Ving分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处，没有益处。例如Thereisnogooddiscussingthematterwithsuchafool．九、在由therebe＋主语名词引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。1．在由therebe＋主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如Thereisnotimetolose／tobelost．Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof／tobetakencareof．在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较Thereisnothingtodonow．（Wehavenothingtodonow．）Thereisnothingtobedonenow．（Wecandonothingnow．）Thereisnothingtosee（nothingworthseeing）．Thereisnothingtobeseen（nothingthereatall）．2．在由therebe＋主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如Therewere200childrenstudying（＝whowerestudying）music，dancing，ordramatics．Isthereanythingplanned（＝thathasbeenplanned）fortonight