A.3RELATIVEDENSITY.pdf

PleasenoticethatonlyEuropeanCommunityslegislationpublishedinthepapereditionsoftheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesisdeemedauthentic.Whenpreparingthisdocument,carehasbeentakentoensurecorrectnessofthetext；neverthelesspossibilityoferrorscannotbecompletelyexcluded,sodifferencesmayexistbetweenthisversionandtheoneagreedandpublishedinthepapereditionoftheOfficialJournal.IncaseofdoubtthereaderisadvisedtoconsulttheOfficialJournal.ThismethodcanbefoundinDir92/69/EEC(O.J.L383A)AcompletelistofAnnexVTestingMethodsandthecorrespondingOJcanbedownloadedfromapreviouspageinthissite.A.3RELATIVEDENSITY1.METHODThemethodsdescribedarebasedontheOECDTestGuideline(1).Thefundamentalprinciplesaregiveninreference(2).1.1.INTRODUCTIONThemethodsfordeterminingrelativedensitydescribedareapplicabletosolidandtoliquidsubstances,withoutanyrestrictioninrespecttotheirdegreeofpurity.Thevariousmethodstobeusedarelistedintable1.1.2.DEFINITIONSANDUNITSTherelativedensity204Dofsolidsorliquidsistheratiobetweenthemassofavolumeofsubstancetobeexamined,determinedat20C,andthemassofthesamevolumeofwater,determinedat4C.Therelativedensityhasnodimension.Thedensity,ofasubstanceisthequotientofthemass,m,anditsvolume,v.Thedensity,isgiven,inSIunits,inkg/m3.1.3.REFERENCESUBSTANCES(1)(3)Referencesubstancesdonotneedtobeemployedinallcaseswheninvestigatinganewsubstance.Theyshouldprimarilyservetochecktheperformanceofthemethodfromtimetotimeandtoallowcomparisonwithresultsfromothermethods.1.4.PRINCIPLEOFTHEMETHODSFourclassesofmethodsareused.1.4.1.Buoyancymethods.Hydrometer(forliquidsubstances)Sufficientlyaccurateandquickdeterminationsofdensitymaybeobtainedbythefloatinghydrometers,whichallowthedensityofaliquidtobededucedfromthedepthofimmersionbyreadingagraduatedscale..Hydrostaticbalance(forliquidandsolidsubstances)Thedifferencebetweentheweightofatestsamplemeasuredinairandinasuitableliquid(e.g.water)canbeemployedtodetermineitsdensity.Forsolids,themeasureddensityisonlyrepresentativeoftheparticularsampleemployed.Forthedeterminationofdensityofliquids,abodyofknownvolume,v,isweighedfirstinairandthenintheliquid..Immersedbodymethod(forliquidsubstances)(4)Inthismethod,thedensityofaliquidisdeterminedfromthedifferencebetweentheresultsofweighingtheliquidbeforeandafterimmersingabodyofknownvolumeinthetestliquid.1.4.2.PycnometermethodsForsolidsorliquids,pycnometersofvariousshapesandwithknownvolumesmaybeemployed.Thedensityiscalculatedfromthedifferenceinweightbetweenthefullandemptypycnometeranditsknownvolume.PleasenoticethatonlyEuropeanCommunityslegislationpublishedinthepapereditionsoftheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesisdeemedauthentic.Whenpreparingthisdocument,carehasbeentakentoensurecorrectnessofthetext；neverthelesspossibilityoferrorscannotbecompletelyexcluded,sodifferencesmayexistbetweenthisversionandtheoneagreedandpublishedinthepapereditionoftheOfficialJournal.IncaseofdoubtthereaderisadvisedtoconsulttheOfficialJournal.ThismethodcanbefoundinDir92/69/EEC(O.J.L383A)AcompletelistofAnnexVTestingMethodsandthecorrespondingOJcanbedownloadedfromapreviouspageinthissite.1.4.3.Aircomparisonpycnometer(forsolids)Thedensityofasolidinanyformcanbemeasuredatroomtemperaturewiththegascomparisonpycnometer.Thevolumeofasubstanceismeasuredinairorinaninertgasinacylinderofvariablecalibratedvolume.Forthecalculationofdensityonemassmeasurementistakenafterconcludingthevolumemeasurement.1.4.4.Oscillatingdensitimeter(5)(6)(7)Thedensityofaliquidcanbemeasuredbyanoscillatingdensitimeter.AmechanicaloscillatorconstructedintheformofaU-tubeisvibratedattheresonancefrequencyoftheoscillatorwhichdependsonitsmass.Introducingasamplechangestheresonancefrequencyoftheoscillator.Theapparatushastobecalibratedbytwoliquidsubstancesofknowndensities.Thesesubstancesshouldpreferablybechosensuchthattheirdensitiesspantherangetobemeasured.1.5.QUALITYCRITERIATheapplicabilityofthedifferentmethodsusedforthedeterminationoftherelativedensityislistedinthetable.1.6.DESCRIPTIONOFTHEMETHODSThestandardsgivenasexamples,whicharetobeconsultedforadditionaltechnicaldetails,areattachedintheAppendix.Thetestshavetoberunat20C,andatleasttwomeasurementsperformed.2.DATASeestandards.3.REPORTINGThetestreportshall,ifpossible,includethefollowinginformation:-methodused,-precisespecificationofthesubstance(identityandimpurities)andpreliminarypurificationstep,ifany.Therelativedensity,204D,shallbereportedasdefinedin1.2,alongwiththephysicalstateofthemeasuredsubstance.Allinformationandremarksrelevantfortheinterpretationofresultshavetobereported,especiallywithregardtoimpuritiesandphysicalstateofthesubstance.PleasenoticethatonlyEuropeanCommunityslegislationpublishedinthepapereditionsoftheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesisdeemedauthentic.Whenpreparingthisdocument,carehasbeentakentoensurecorrectnessofthetext；neverthelesspossibilityoferrorscannotbecompletelyexcluded,sodifferencesmayexistbetweenthisversionandtheoneagreedandpublishedinthepapereditionoftheOfficialJournal.IncaseofdoubtthereaderisadvisedtoconsulttheOfficialJournal.ThismethodcanbefoundinDir92/69/EEC(O.J.L383A)AcompletelistofAnnexVTestingMethodsandthecorrespondingOJcanbedownloadedfromapreviouspageinthissite.TABLE:APPLICABILITYOFMETHODS4.REFERENCES(1)OECD,Paris,1981,TestGuideline109,DecisionoftheCouncilC(81)30final.(2)R.Weissbergered.,TechniqueofOrganicChemistry,PhysicalMethodsofOrganicChemistry,3rded.,ChapterIV,IntersciencePubl.,NewYork,1959,vol.I,Part1.(3)IUPAC,Recommendedreferencematerialsforrealizationofphysico-chemicalproperties,Pureandappliedchemistry,1976,vol.48,508.(4)Wagenbreth,H.,DieTauchkugelzurBestimmungderDichtevonFlssigkeiten,TechnischesMessentm,1979,vol.ll,427-430.(5)Leopold,H.,DiedigitaleMessungvonFlssigkeiten,Elektronik,1970,vol.19,297-302.(6)Baumgarten,D.,FllmengenkontrollebeivorgepacktenErzeugnissen-VerfahrenzurDichtebestimmungbeiflssigenProduktenundihrepraktischeAnwendung,DiePharmazeutischeIndustrie,1975,vol.37,717-726.(6)Riemann,J.,DerEinsatzderdigitalenDichtemessungimBrauereilaboratorium,Brauwissenschaft,1976,vol.9,253-255.AppendixForadditionaltechnicaldetails,thefollowingstandardsmaybeconsultedforexample:1.BUOYANCYMETHODS1.1.HydrometerDIN12790,ISO387Hydrometer；generalinstructionsDIN12791PartI:Densityhydrometers；construction,adjustmentandusePartII:Densityhydrometers；standardizedsizes,designationPartIII:UseandtestISO649-2Laboratoryglassware:DensityhydrometersforgeneralpurposePleasenoticethatonlyEuropeanCommunityslegislationpublishedinthepapereditionsoftheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesisdeemedauthentic.Whenpreparingthisdocument,carehasbeentakentoensurecorrectnessofthetext；neverthelesspossibilityoferrorscannotbecompletelyexcluded,sodifferencesmayexistbetweenthisversionandtheoneagreedandpublishedinthepapereditionoftheOfficialJournal.IncaseofdoubtthereaderisadvisedtoconsulttheOfficialJournal.ThismethodcanbefoundinDir92/69/EEC(O.J.L383A)AcompletelistofAnnexVTestingMethodsandthecorrespondingOJcanbedownloadedfromapreviouspageinthissite.NFT20-050Chemicalproductsforindustrialuse-Determinationofdensityofliquids-AreometricmethodDIN12793Laboratoryglassware:rangefindhydrometers1.2.HydrostaticbalanceForsolidsubstancesISO1183MethodA:MethodsfordeterminingthedensityandrelativedensityofplasticsexcludingcellularplasticsNFT20-049Chemicalproductsforindustrialuse-Determinationofthedensityofsolidsotherthanpowdersandcellularproducts-HydrostaticbalancemethodASTM-D-792SpecificgravityanddensityofplasticsbydisplacementDIN53479Testingofplasticsandelastomers；determinationofdensityForliquidsubstancesISO901ISO758DIN51757Testingofmineraloilsandrelatedmaterials；determinationofdensityASTMD941-55,ASTMD1296-67andASTMD1481-62ASTMD1298Density,specificgravityorAPIgravityofcrudepetroleumandliquidpetroleumproductsbyhydrometermethodBS4714Density,specificgravityorAPIgravityofcrudepetroleumandliquidpetroleumproductsbyhydrometermethod1.3.ImmersedbodymethodDIN53217Testingofpaints,varnishesandsimilarcoatingmaterials；determinationofdensity；immersedbodymethod2.PYCNOMETERMETHODS2.1.ForliquidsubstancesISO3507PycnometersISO758Liquidchemicalproducts；determinationofdensityat20CDIN12797Gay-Lussacpycnometer(fornon-volatileliquidswhicharenottooviscous)DIN12798Lipkinpycnometer(forliquidswithakinematicviscosityoflessthanl00.10-6m2s-1at15C)DIN12800Sprengelpycnometer(forliquidsasDIN12798)DIN12801Reischauerpycnometer(forliquidswithakinematicviscosityoflessthanl00.10-6m2s-1at20C,applicableinparticularalsotohydrocarbonsandaqueoussolutionsaswellastoliquidswithhighervapourpressure,approximately1barat90C)DIN12806Hubbardpycnometer(forviscousliquidsofalltypeswhichdonothavetoohighavapourpressure,inparticularalsoforpaints,varnishesandbitumen)DIN12807Binghampycnometer(forliquids,asinDIN12801)PleasenoticethatonlyEuropeanCommunityslegislationpublishedinthepapereditionsoftheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesisdeemedauthentic.Whenpreparingthisdocument,carehasbeentakentoensurecorrectnessofthetext；neverthelesspossibilityoferrorscannotbecompletelyexcluded,sodifferencesmayexistbetweenthisversionandtheoneagreedandpublishedinthepapereditionoftheOfficialJournal.IncaseofdoubtthereaderisadvisedtoconsulttheOfficialJournal.ThismethodcanbefoundinDir92/69/EEC(O.J.L383A)AcompletelistofAnnexVTestingMethodsandthecorrespondingOJcanbedownloadedfromapreviouspageinthissite.DIN12808Jaulmespycnometer(inparticularforethanol-watermixture)DIN12809Pycnometerwithground-inthermometerandcapillarysidetube(forliquidswhicharenottoovisc