2015高考考点 大纲 复习资料 高三语文现代文阅读技巧.doc.doc

2015年高考语文现代文阅读理解题答题技巧一.常见题型的答题技巧考点分类具体题型答题技巧筛选信息1.考查文章的线索1.本文的线索是什么？关键看文章标题，标题往往就是线索；其次看文章反复出现的关键词语，这个词就是线索。2.概括文章类容2.请用简洁的语言概括文章的内容用“（何时，何地）谁+干什么+结果怎样”的句式答题。或用“什么+怎么样”句式组织语言。3.考查文章的表达方式的辨析3.本文（文中某段）主要运用了哪种表达方式？识别叙述，描写，说明，议论，抒情等表达方式。一般题目设置在议论句和描写句上，考试时从这两方面去辨别即可。4.考查文章所描写对象的特征4.简要概括文中事物的特点（优点，作用）答案往往不止一点，需要提取。注意连接词，如“首先，其次，还，也，此外”等，这些句子往往就是事物的几点特征，找到一点特征后还要看看下面几段的相同位置，找到隐含的答题点进行概括并加工合并，避免遗漏。5.理解文章类题5.提取文中的某句话，然后问为什么，原因是什么。把题干带入原文，答案一般就在原文语句的附件，可以用文中相关语句作答，也可以用提取出来的关键词进行加工。审美鉴赏1.分析文章标题的作用1.本文的标题有何作用1.全文的线索，推动情节的发展；2.总结文章内容，点名主旨（突出）主题；3.形式新颖，吸引读者；4反映人物情感的变化。（注意，回答不能全部照搬，需要根据文章的内容灵活套用）2.分析文章重点字词的作用2.文中加点词语有何作用（好处，妙处）？1.动词生动表现人（事）物的特点，（或传神刻画了事物的形状）。表现了人物的心情（性格）。2.形容词，副词：生动形象地描摹出某人（事物）的特点，情态（或描绘出一幅样的场景），反映了人物的心情。3.赏析文章中的优美语句和段落3.（1）文中划线的句子运用了什么修辞手法，有何作用？（对文中的划线句进行赏析；请说划线句子的表达效果。（2）某段在文中起何作用。（1）分析词语的表达效果（参见上面）；分析修辞+修辞作用每种修辞手法都见其固定的答题套路（2）文章开头：引出下文；开头点名故事所描写（说明，议论）的对象；照应文章标题；设置悬念，吸引读者；为后文的情节发展埋下伏笔（做铺垫），推动情节的发展。文章的中间：承上启下的过渡中用；为后文的情节发展埋下伏笔（做铺垫），推动情节发展。文章结尾：总结全文；解释全文主旨；照应前文；照应文章标题；引人深思。注意：并不是每个答案全部写上，而是根据具体情况套用适用的答案。4.分析文中的人物形象4.请分析文中*的形象。（文中的*具体有怎样的性格特点）从文中检索关于人物的语言，动作，心理等的描写，提取出关键词来分析人物性格，并对结果进行加工合并。5.分析句子，段落，文章表达方式的作用5.（1）文中划线句（某段）运用了什么样的描写方法，有何作用？（2）文中划线句（某段）运用了什么样的说明方法，有何作用？（3）文中划线句（某段）运用了什么样的论证方法，有何作用？（1）首先分析属于何种描写手法，然后分析其作用：人物描写：表现了人物*的特点，突出人物的*性格（心理，品质）；环境描写：烘托出了一种*的气氛，表达了*人物怎样的思想感情（心理）。（2）见固定的答题套路（3）见固定的答题套路6.分析文章的表现手法和写作技巧。6.文章运用了何种表现手法，有何作用。（分析本文的写作技巧）表现手法：对比，象征，伏笔，照应等。每种表现手法都有其固定的答题套路。深层含义1.分析文章标题的深层含义1.分析本文标题的含义首先找出标题中的关键词语，先回答它字面上的意思，即其本意。然后联系文章的主旨，说出这个词语的寓意，便可得出其深层含义。2.分析重点字词的深层含义2.说说你对加点词语含义的理解首先找到词语在原文中的位置，然后弄清上下句具体的语境，弄清这个词语所包含的寓意，即可得出答案。3.分析文章重点句子的深层含义3.说说你对文中画线句含义的理解理解句子含义一般有两种解答方法：（1）将句子所表达的意思和具体语境或文章的主旨联系起来，然后用浅显的语言表述（2）解释这个句子为什么这么说，这么说的原因是什么4.联系生活实践，对文中的主旨，观点，作者的情感发表见解，或提出看法，建议等延伸拓展题。4.联系生活实际，谈谈你读完本文后的启示。（谈谈你对文章的理解）只要符合题干要求，联系文章内容主旨，有具体的事例说明，用浅显的语言表述合理，语言流畅即可。“养套杀”吴莫愁式快速提分三部曲：养眼，高频考点、答案词，应试技巧及其关联暗示点的串联与并联密码套用，建模套用做题，模拟题与真题整体答题三点式套用法则秒杀，5秒秒杀答案，无瑕疵迅捷提分（满分）VIP体系2014吴军高考英语“三天三夜”迅捷提分秘术完形填空DNA解密艺考生、体考生的救命稻草！突破130分，快速提高30分的锦囊妙计！速度与激情，2014年吴军高分英语有重大突破!甄教案，真高分！完形思路“疯狂”创新范本，“无人牵引解决方案”全面落实!2011年的高分密码，2012年的高频答案词，2013年的秒杀秘术，完成了迅捷提分的通路，大家通过记住600-800个高频单词就完成了3天提分的梦想!但有些同学，虽然记住了单词，到完形整篇文章做题时，不会运用，甚至可能遇到2-3个高频答案词同时出现，而自己又不会翻译，这时提分的幅度就会大打折扣！今天吴军老师总结了139个暗示点（600-800个单词的语境串联与并联），将20年内高考真题或模拟题内全部高频词汇进行了汇总，通过语境串联及并联的方式，彻底解决了您“记不住单词”，尤其是“不会运用”的问题，让各种答题技巧，高频考点，单词记忆法及生硬的高频答案词不再受宠!以后妈妈再也不用担心你的学习了,soeasy!左手拿着“吴军高分英语”打火机，右手拿着高考真题及模拟题，哪里不会点哪里,.!名师吴军暗示点1相同的、类似的/不同的（答案解析详见购买的自学教案，此处省略）samesimilardifferent/various/separate/alone/apart/notbut/change(able)difference/similarity（betweenand）/avarietyof/arangeof-2013江苏卷Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus36chasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell37.Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone.Ihadmytruckand$56.36.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.naturally37.A.offB.apartC.overD.out2013浙江卷Ilovehowpeole37seemsodifferent,butendupbeingso38.ThemostvaluabelessonIgainfromstudyinginFrancewasntjusttorespecttheFrenchpeople39torespectallpeople,foryournextbestfriendcouldbejustacontinentaway.38.A.generousB.independentC.similarD.distant2012上海卷Thedegreeof_60betweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.60.A.similarityB.friendshipC.cooperationD.contact2013江苏卷Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan45aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina46AmericanDreamnottheoneofindividualachievementbutof47.46.A.wildB.realC.differentD.remote【2013新课标II卷】Itrunsinthe33.Michaelsfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.MichaelGreenbergfeelsthe34.Apairofglovesmaybea35thing,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.34.A.honorB.painC.sameD.cold2013四川卷Butsheisso23thatsheneverletsanyoneputherdown.“Youshouldnt24whatpeoplesayaboutwhatyoulooklikebecausewerenotdifferentfromanyoneelse,Holly,”she25me.“Andyoudontneedtowearascarfbecauseyoulookgreat26it!”ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIcouldspeaktosomeonewhodbeenthroughsomething27.Soweekslater,atmy13thbirthdayparty,28byherbravery,Igaveupmyscarfandshowedoffmyscars.Itfeltamazingnothavingto29awaybehindmyscarf.27.A.similarB.strangeC.hardD.important2005重庆卷Hiddenpassengerstravelinginships,trams,orevencarscanbeaterribletroubleespeciallywhentheyareinsects.Asforthis,thereisagreat_36_betweenhumanbeingsandinsects.36.A.connectionB.differenceC.communicationD.similarity2000北京春季卷Icanreadandwriteaswellasanyoneelsemyage,andIcanthinkbetter.Thatsprobablyarealbig_24_betweenthefreeschoolandregularschool?theamountof_25_.24.A.problemB.chanceC.differenceD.change名师吴军暗示点2（答案解析详见购买的自学教案，此处省略）结论性动词:show/suggest/find/prove/decide/see结论性情态动词:can/could结论性时态及从句连接词：完成时,过去时,how，why及转折关系but,though,however。结论性形容词或副词:(1).so/therefore/accordingly/asaresult/finally（eventually最后)/satisfied/proud看到can和wantto一般要填because,so或if。另sothat(can)搭配！Imwashingadogshurtleg.Iworkcarefully,becauseIwanttomakesureIdontdoanythingtohurthim.Iwishtheycouldunderstandthatwerejusttryingtohelpthem.Theyaskedifhewantedtogohome.ButBozosaidno.sothefishermenwishedBozowellandlefthimaloneagain-justashisfatherhadeighty-fouryearsbefore.Itcanalsoinfluencethewaywebehavewithourfamilies.sohowdowedealwithourproblems?Therearemanywaysandhereisoneofthem.(2).Sure(ly)/certain(ly)/ofcourse/indeed/actual(ly)=infact,really,truly(3).obvious=clear=apparent明显的/obviously=clearly=apparently(4).surprised/amazed/surprising(ly)=amazing(ly),shocked,astonished震惊的Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishers，andobviously，fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.Imnotsurprisedthathebecameawriter.Evenasachildhehadaclearimagination.-2013重庆卷Sincethen,Joestarted45.Thoughhenevermadeittothetop,hismathteacherwasalways46andcuriousaboutthechange:WhyhadthatstormydaychangedJoe?46.A.worriedB.amazedC.friendlyD.cautious2013安徽卷Learninganewlanguageisnever_53_.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion,youllmakeprogress.Andyoullbe_54_bythepositivereactionofsomepeoplewhenyousayjustafewwordsin_55_ownlanguage.Goodluck!54.A.blamedB.amazedC.interruptedD.informed【2013广东A卷】Numbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea1innumber.Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability.2，experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare,too.Forexample,manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnot3.However,ifyouremovetwo,thebird4leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe5betweentwoandthree.Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabirds6numbersense.Amanwastryingtotakeaphotoofacrow(乌鸦)thathadanestinatower,butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot7untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan8.Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed,buttheydidnot9thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft,too.Theexperimentwas10withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere11.Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere12abletofoolthecrow.2.A.ImportantlyB.SurprisinglyC.DisappointedlyD.Fortunately6.A.amazingB.annoyingC.satisfyingD.disturbing12.A.graduallyB.luckilyC.strangelyD.finally2013浙江卷IleftFrancewithmany34,sowhenpeopleaskmewhatmyfavoritepartofthetripwas,theyarealways35tohearmetalkaboutmyBrazilianfriendPaoloandthescoresofweekdaysinclass,weeknightsonthetown,andweekends36Franceweenjoyedtogether.35.A.surprisedB.disturbedC.embarrassedD.concerned2013山东卷EverytimeIcameintoherroom,shewasso48becauseshethoughtIwasherdaughter.Herrealdaughternever49her,soItookherplace.Sheletme50thatmakingothersfeelgoodmakemefeelgood,too,whenshedied,Iwas51,butIwasverygratefultoher.50.A.explainB.guessC.declareD.see2013湖南卷Iranto_43_behindabigtreeinouryardatonce.Afterawhile,Iwas_44_thegirlshadpassedby.Idashedtothefrontdoorandbangedonitloudly.44.A.sureB.proudC.eagerD.curious2012湖北卷Happyasachild,Igotonthebicycleandheadedoutontothestreets.Aftersometime,I37attheotherendofthetown.Iwas38thatthissimplevehiclecouldletme39longdistancesinafairlyshorttime.Buthow40didIreallygo?38.A.amazedB.amusedC.confusedD.concerned2012北京卷IbelieveIstayedinastateofpleasantdisbelief_43_Iwashalfwaythroughrehearsals(排练)onmyfirstday.Ineveractually_44_togetthejob.Afterbeingofferedtheposition,Iwascompletely_45_.Iremembershakingwithexcitement.45.A.motivatedB.relaxedC.convincedD.astonished2012广东卷However,somepeoplearguethatrulesmaybe_14_,havingobservedthatruleschangeallthetime,andthatsomeschoolshavesomeregulationsandothershavedifferentonessowhoisto_15_whatisright?15.A.predictB.explainC.decideD.consider2011湖北卷Jasminanevergotthechancetodoit,”saysMaja,now32,“soI34thatsomedayIddoitforher.34.A.pretendedB.decidedC.perfectedD.agreed2001全国卷RussianscientistsaidthattheAbominableSnowmanwas_14_andwasaremaininglinkwiththeprehistorichumans.But,_15_,noevidencehasever_16_beenproduced.16.A.rightlyB.actuallyC.normallyD.particularly2003安徽春季卷Hewenttotheclerkto_14_histicket.Theclerklookedattheticketwith_15_.“Why,sir,butyourflightwasatnineoclockinthemorning,and_16_itiseightintheevening.”15.A.astonishmentB.patienceC.respectD.delight2003全国卷IplayedaracquetballgameagainstmycousinEdlastweek.Itwasoneofthemost_1_andtiringgamesIveeverhad.WhenEdfirstphonedand_2_weplay,Ilaughedquietly,figuringonan_3_victory.1.A.encouragingB.hopelessC.surprisingD.regular2004上海卷Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycrammingforanexamination,_62_itmayresultinapassinggrade,isnota_63_waytolearnaschoolcourse.63.A.convenientB.demandingC.satisfactoryD.swift2002全国卷Heburstoutlaughingandsaid,“Why,youfool,heusedhis_17_andaskedforthem.Ivebeen_18_thatonallmycustomerstoday,butIknew_19_Idcatchyou.”Whyisthat?”Iasked.19.A.forsureB.atonceC.infactD.rightnow1998全国卷Itseemedthattherewas_13_suitableworkforhim.Sohe_14_tojointhearmy.Mrs.Fantwasso_15_aboutthisthatshetoldthe_16_toallherneighbours.14.A.beganB.promisedC.managedD.decided1997全国卷Just_18_,Toddsawtheheadlightscomingathimandacarpulledinfor_19_.Thereitwas,awhiteFord.Hesawthe_20_,LJR1939.“WhatshouldIdo?”Toddhadtomakeaquick_21_.“Yes,sir?”Todd_22_whilemakinguphismindforsure.21.A.decisionB.callC.movementD.remark1994全国卷Nowhewas_8_hecoulddo_9_onlyabalancingpole.Philippewalkedhiswayacross,a_10_of131feet.8.A.sureB.uncertainC.gladD.nervous1992全国卷In1964,aRussianscientistsaidthattheAbominableSnowmanwas_14_andwasaremaininglinkwiththeprehistorichumans.But,_15_,noevidencehasever_16_beenproduced.16.A.rightlyB.actuallyC.normallyD.particularly名师吴军瞻前顾后点破法一正向、负向和中性及方向逻辑！1.方向:fallinlovewith（下）；hithittheroof（上）；Thewindhadpickedup.（起=上）。Inordertomaketheworkeasier,Iclimbedoverthewindowandstood_47_thewindow.47.A.insideB.byC.outsideD.beside方向暗示关键词over：结束；正上方；越过（eg：overcome克服=getover）；翻转（eg：Joekicked踢thechairover。Joe把椅子踢翻）。我越过（over）窗户，所以应该是站在窗户外面，故用outside。2.正负:正:积极的，肯定的（excited,improve,progress等）；负：祁使句，否定句，否定词，绝对词（becareful!Hedidntgo.never,seldom,no,nothing,little,few；always,only,all,any,every,thewhole,must,completely等.）2013江西卷DianeRaywascompletelyself-centeredandveryspoilt.Herparentsgaveher36shewanted,knowingthatshewouldthrowatempertantrum(耍小孩脾气)iftheydidnot.Shewouldscreamandkickand37onthefloordrummingherheels.Herparentsalways38.38.A.setoutB.setinC.gaveinD.gaveout38C。她一耍小孩脾气，她的父母总是屈服、让步（gavein）。setout开始，出发；setin以为背景；gaveout分发，用完。2011浙江卷Heledme35thecrowdedshopandtoabenchwithalargeprofessionalkaraokeboxonit.Heplacedhislargehand36onhistreasureandsaid.“Ihave800karaokesongsinhere.Youcantakeyour37andIllrecordthemforyou.Thatshouldgetyoustarted.”36.A.UnhappilyB.lovinglyC.pitifullyD.gratefully36.感情色彩法，此法多用于解决形容词或副词。下文出现treasure财宝，是正面词汇，B和D是正面积极的，但店主对自己的宝物应该是爱不释手，心爱地触摸，故选B.lovingly。2010全国卷Herepliedthatshe46knewwhohewas,thatshehadnotbeenableto47himforfiveyearsnow.Iwas48andaskedhim,”Andyou49goeverymorning,eventhoughshedoesntknowwhoyouare?”46.A.sofarB.neitherC.nolongerD.already46.结合后文，49空那句话给出了很好的对应。neither表示否定2者。C.nolonger。2010江西卷Butthen,something_51_happened.Thecarbeganchanging.First,itscolor_52_fromblacktosilvery-grey.Then,thewheelsbegandisappearing,butthecarcontinuedtomoveforward,_53_justabovetheground.52.AdevelopedBappearedCspreadDfaded52.A发展,B出现,C传播,D褪色。从black变成了silvery-grey,就是由黑变灰,选D。3.逻辑（关系）上面我们提到了方向的正负及中性，每个词汇也可分作+、-、0（中性，用0表示）。在完形填空里面，最终的内容都是正面的，积极的（因为我们是祖国的花朵,在中国的应试教育里面是不允许有负向消极的词汇，想必这个您懂）。关于逻辑，举一个例子（.ofcourse.but.）。一个女孩要和她男朋友分手了，于是按照中国含蓄的习惯来说都是说.其实呢，你很好啦，对我也挺好的。（这是男孩倍夸得心花怒放，嘿嘿），这时女孩说了，但是你太丑了（这是男孩的心沉入了谷底，心情糟糕透了），女孩见状，忙说，其实你还是可以找到更好的啦，没事的啦。套用上面的词组(+)ofcourse(-)but(+)。Youarefriendly,ofcourseyouareugly,butIbelieveyoucanfindabetterone.于是我们可以了解到正负向的用处，而在完形填空中，描述主人公的一切都应该是正向的。区别了正负向，我们可