外文翻译--拆装小车概述

1 附 录 附录 A 英文科技文献 Disassembly Automotive Overview Car shortly after the invention of the automobile repair and then had the industry. In order to convenient maintenance， with jack lifting machine maintenance tools to appear. The early simple columnar foundation type hydraulic lifting machine， is greatly raised than it was still early jack and the function of the test bench， this early lifting machine can rotate function in lifting the car later， rotating 360 . Maybe you often go to a car maintenance， now still use the lift machine to provide daily vehicle maintenance service， this kind of lifting machine has largely work for 75 years. Along with the development of the car industry， simple columnar type elevator machine design， the limitation of shows up soon. If only in car around for testing maintenance work of words， the lifting machine will be enough， but this lifting machine and the central pillar of the hoist boom would hamper into the bottom of the car most area. For simple columnar type elevator machine of these limitations， engineers have put forward a lot of lifting machine design scheme and a lot of improvement work. Now， lifting machine selection scope of great， have foundation type， spots， cut the type， type of parallel four edges form， portable， simple columnar type， double column type， four-column type， driving type， contact the car battery， symmetric， the symmetric， small trip， big lift， queue， and other various type of lifting machine design. Some lifting machine may also. In the market can see different types of different size， lifting machine， there are some particularly suitable for engaged in special type of maintenance work， there are a few lifting machine for some other maintenance work. Double column spots car battery lifting machine is contact a widespread adoption of lifting machine， in recent years all new sales lifting machine， at least two-thirds are this type. This design is very popular， there are several reasons: one is the lifting machine installation quick， do not need a wide range of excavation， also do not need to enterprises whole layout some permanent changes. 2 it is the diversity of function， a double column spots car battery lifting machine with almost all can be used for the car maintenance work. The lifting of the machine and contact the layout of cantilever pad， making maintenance technician can easily into the bottom of the car， the car in operation and maintenance. Therefore， almost all major lifting machine manufacturers to at least one type of production double column spots type elevator machine. 2 In recent years， I had a booming industry， especially the car industry， DuoNian to cars into the ordinary families dream has become a reality. Vehicle repair industry has got to develop， all kinds of maintenance equipment needs rapid expansion. Auto lift machine is necessary maintenance， is also the most important maintenance machinery. Auto lift machine is the role of the need of repair car level to the appropriate height， so that maintenance workers in car chassis of automobile maintenance. Below Auto lift machine such as mentioned above， the main divided into pillar type and shear type two kinds， no matter which kind of， the demand from both sides to car level synchronization up， and cant happen migration. And car chassis below must be empty. To facilitate the maintenance workers homework. This requires auto lift machine lifting device must be on both sides of the separation of both sides， and rise or fall must be synchronous. Because of the weight of the car generally very big， and lift for special smoothly， so auto lift machine typically use the hydraulic drive system. Besides the requirement from a certain range from cars both sides synchronous lifting the decline and car， also requires its can make cars at any height to stop and to keep still， so that different height of the workers in maintenance， at different location can adjust height， the most convenient for repair， so hydraulic system must have positioning keep function. In addition for car weight is very big， once hydraulic system failure， lifting machine for arm in car the force of gravity will decline rapidly to pull off the maintenance workers may be the life security threats， lifting the car on and broke the danger. So in order to prevent this happens， lifting machine must have mechanical locking devices， mechanical locks were installed in by lifting cylinder piston rod and the top and lifting arm connected pin shaft on the two root jagged rack， installation of the oil cylinder to the outside of the rack is stationary. And can the pin shaft do certain Angle， to the swing of the separation of the two root rack and mesh. When lifting arm in positioning state or hydraulic system failure， hydraulic below a certain value， dynamic rack will of its own gravity and spring under the action of forces and still rack meshing， mechanical locked， increased the lifting the security of the machine. Nearly 20 years the world lifting machine industry has changed greatly. RT (off-road tires lifting machine) and AT the whole earth to lifting machine () of the rapid development of products， broke original product and market structure， economic development and market in the fierce competition in the world， the impact of lifting machine market further integration trend. At present the lifting machine years sales has the world around us $7.5 billion. The main producers for the United States， Japan， Germany， France， Italy， etc， the worlds top companies have more than 10 factories， mainly concentrated in the North America， Japan (Asia) and Europe. 3 The United States is lifting machine main producer countries， it is one of the largest in the world market. But because Japan， Germany lifting machine rapid development of industry and RT and AT the rise of American manufacturers， products have in the s to 70 s， the world leading position in the field of possession is gradually weakened， so as to form the United States， Japan and Germany tripartite balance of power. In recent years the United States economy picks up， market， foreign manufacturers are active to participate in the competition. The strength of the American manufacturers also improved， TeLeiKeSi elevator company that is the rise of examples. TeLeiKeSi elevator company predecessor is the colin lifting depots. Since 1995， through a series of the merger activity， has become one of the worlds top companies. Japan from the 1970 s become lifting machine production country， product quality and quantity improve soon， have been exported to European and American markets， annual production ranked first in the world. Since 1992， due to the yens appreciation， domestic infrastructure investment dropped and the Asian financial crisis， the annual output to drop. At present， the market demand for years for 3000 units or so. Europe is a large market potential， European industrial nations lifting machine is the exporter， but also the important importer. Germany is the largest European market， followed by Britain， France， Italy and other countries. In Germany AT products market share， liebherr accounted for 53%， 16%， DE lafugelufu horse) 14%， many fields and TeLeiKeSi each account for 10% and 5%. Lifting machine manufacture the wind of the combined with the auto industry is very similar， in the car industry， general motors， ford， BMW， Mercedes， Renault， public companies are on the way to unite， the two industries has been one of the world market. In the world to mature market for market share and maintain growth， shortcut is to buy rival， the long-term goal is to win the world market dominance. In the elevator industry， in a sense， into the world market means that into North America， Japan (Asia) and Europe market. 4 附录 B 文献翻译 拆装小车概述 汽车发明后不久便有了汽车维修的行业。为了维修方便，有了千斤顶举升机等维修工具的出现。 早期的单柱地基式液压举升机，大大地提高了比它问世还早的千斤顶和台架的功能，这种早期举升机的旋转功能可以在举起汽车以后，将其旋转 360。也许你经常去 的一个汽车维修厂，现在仍然利用这种举升机为客户提供日常的汽车维修服务，这种举升机大多已经工作了 75 年了。 随着汽车工业的发展，单柱式举升机设计上的局限性很快就显露出来了。如果只是在汽车四周进行检测维修工作的话，这种举升机也就足够了，但是这种举升机的起重臂和中央立柱会妨碍进入汽车底部的大部分区域。针对单柱式举升机的这些局限性，工程师已经提出了很多举升机的设计方案并作了许多改进工作。现在，举升机的选择范围很大，有地基式、托举式、剪式、平行四边形式、便携式、单柱式、双柱式、四柱式、驱动式、接触车架式、对称式、非对 称式、小行程、大升程、队列式以及其它的各种举升机设计方案。某些举升机可能同时具有这些设计方案中的几个特点。 在市场上可以看到的型式各异、尺寸不同的举升机中，有一些特别适合于从事特殊类型的维修作业，也有少数的举升机适合进行一些其它的维修作业。 双柱托举接触车架式举升机是一个被广泛采纳的举升机，在最近几年所有新销售的举升机中，至少三分之二都是这种类型的。这种设计之所以很流行，有几方面的原因的：一就是这种举升机安装起来很快，不需要大范围的开挖，也不需要对维修厂的整体布局进行一些永久性的变动。二是功能的多样 性，一台双柱托举接触车架式举升机几乎可以用来进行所有汽车的维修作业。这种举升机的悬臂和接触衬垫的布局，使得维修工能够很容易地进入汽车的整个底部，进行车底的维修操作。因此，几乎所有主要的举升机生产厂家都要生产至少一种型号的双柱托举式举升机。 近年来，我过汽车业蓬勃发展，尤其是轿车行业，多年来轿车进入普通家庭的梦想已经成为现实。汽车维修行业也随之得到了大力发展，各种维修设备的需求迅速扩大。汽车举升机是维修厂必备的，也是最重要的维修机械。 汽车举升机的作用是将需要维修的汽车水平提升到合适的高度，以便维修工人在汽车 底盘下方对汽车进行维修。汽车举升机如上边提到的，主要分为柱式和剪式两种，无论哪一种，都要求其能够从两侧将汽车水平同步举起，不能发生偏移。而汽车底盘下方必须为空的。以方便工人进行维修作业。这就要求汽车举升机两侧的举升装置必须是分离的，且两侧的上升或下降必须是同步的。由于汽车的重量一般都很大，而且 5 升降时要求特别平稳，所以汽车举升机一般都采用液压系统进行驱动。除了要求从一定范围内从汽车两侧将汽车同步举升和下降外，还要求其能使汽车在任意高度停止并保持不动，以便不同身高的工人，在维修不同位置时可以任意调整高度，最方便 的进行维修，因此液压系统必须具有定位保持功能。另外因汽车重量很大，一旦液压系统出现故障，举升机举臂在汽车重力的作用下会迅速下滑可能对扯下维修工人的生命安全造成威胁，举升机上面的汽车也有被摔坏的危险。所以为了防止这样的情况发生，举升机必须具有机械锁定装置，机械锁由分别安装在举升油缸外侧和活塞杆