外文翻译--汽车用的燃料

附录 汽车用的燃料是汽油和柴油等，它们都是从石油中提炼出来的。然而，石油这种矿物燃料是不能再生的，用一点就少一点，总有一天要用完。据科学家们预计，目前世界上已探明的石油储量将于 2020年左右被采尽。因此，汽车将会出现挨受“饥饿”的危险，人类将面临着能源的挑战。 从另一方面来说，石油本身就是一种宝贵的化工原料，可以用来制造塑料、合成橡胶和合成纤维等。把石油作为燃料烧掉了，不但十分可惜，而且还污染了人类赖以生存的环境。 解决这个难题的唯一可行办法，就是加紧开发新能源。而太阳能就是这些新 开发能源中的佼佼者。 金焰四射的太阳，其表面是一片烈焰翻腾的火海，温度为 6000左右。在太阳内部，温度高达两千万度以上。所以，太阳能一刻不停地发出大量的光和热，为人类送来光明和温暖，它也成了取之不尽、用之不竭的能源聚宝盆。 将太阳光变成电能，是利用太阳能的一条重要途径。人们早在本世纪 50年代就制成了第一个光电池。将光电池装在汽车上，用它将太阳光不断地变成电能，使汽车开动起来。这种汽车就是新兴起的太阳能汽车。 你看，在太阳能汽车上装有密密麻麻像蜂窝一样的装置，它就是太阳能电池板。平常 我们看到的人造卫星上的铁翅膀，也是一种供卫星用电的太阳能电池板。 太阳能电池依据所用半导体材料不同，通常分为硅电池、硫化镉电池、砷化镓电池等，其中最常用的是硅太阳能电池。 硅太阳能电池有圆形的、半圆形的和长方形的等几种。在电池上有像纸一样薄的小硅片。在硅片的一面均匀地掺进一些硼，另一面掺入一些磷，并在硅片的两面装上电极，它就能将光能变成电能。 在“利比特布利克二号太阳能汽车顶上，有一个圆弧形的太阳能电池板，板上整齐地排列着许多太阳能电池。这些太阳能电池在阳光的照射下，电极之间产生电动 势，然后通过连接两个电极的导线，就会有电流输出。 通常，硅太阳能电池能把 10% 15%的太阳能转变成电能。它既使用方便，经久耐用，又很干净，不污染环境，是比较理想的一种电源。只是光电转换的比率小了一些。近年来，美国已研制成光电转换率达 35%的高性能太阳能电池。澳大利亚用激光技术制成的太阳能电池，其光电转换率达 24.2%，而且成本与柴油发电相当。这些都为光电池在汽车上的应用开辟了广阔的前景。 早期的太阳能汽车是在墨西哥制成的。这种汽车，外形像一辆三轮摩托车，在车顶上架有一个装太阳能电池的大棚。 在阳光照射下，太阳能电池供给汽车电能，使汽车的速度达到每小时 40公里，由于这辆汽车每天所获得的电能只能行 40分钟，所以它还不能跑远路。 1984 年 9 月，我国首次研制的“太阳号”太阳能汽车试验成功，并开进了北京中南海的勤政殿，向中央领导报喜。这也表明了我国在研制新型汽车方面已达到世界先进水平。 阳能汽车不仅节省能源，消除了燃料废气的污染，而且即使在高速行驶时噪音也很小。因此，太阳能汽车已引起人们的极大兴趣，并将在今后得到迅速的发展。 appendix Automobile use gasoline and diesel fuel is etc, they all from oil extracted. However, oil this fossil fuels is not renewable, with a bit less, someday to run out. According to scientists expected, as the worlds proven oil reserves will was adopted in 2020 about completely. Therefore, car will appear mid-1960s-until suffer hungry danger, humans will confronting energy challenge. On the other hand, oil itself is a kind of precious chemical raw materials, can be used to make plastics, synthetic rubber and synthetic fiber etc. Use oil as a fuel burned out, not only the great pity, but also pollute the human survival environment. To solve this problem, the only feasible methods is to intensify the development of new energy. And the solar energy is that these new energy development of outstanding person. JinYan radiant sun, its surface is a blaze of glory tempestuous inferno, temperature is 6,000 around. In the solar interior, temperatures as high as 20 degrees. So, solar keeps momently ground sent lot of light and heat, light and warmth brought for mankind, it also became inexhaustible and inexhaustible energy mudu. Will the sun into electrical energy, is an important way of utilizing solar energy. People in early in the 1950s was made first si-based ones. Will the car with si-based ones, use it will constantly into electrical energy, the sun that car started up. This car is the new popularity of solar cars. You see, in solar cars equipped with dense like honeycomb the same device, it is the solar panels. Usually we see the satellite iron on the wings, is also a kind of electricity for satellite the solar panels. Solar cells used in semiconductor materials according to different, usually consist of silicon battery, the battery, cadmium sulphide gaas batteries etc, among which the most commonly used is silicon solar battery. Silicon solar battery has rounded rectangle, semicircular and wait for a few kinds. In the battery has paperthin small silicon. In silicon side evenly mixed into some of the boron, phosphorus, and some other mixing in wafer sides mount electrodes, it will be light into electrical energy. In the levites grams no.2 bits cloth, there is a solar car top of solar panels, circular plate on neatly arranged in many solar battery. These solar cells in the sunshine, electrode, and then through the electromotive force occurs between the wires connecting two electrodes, can have current output. Usually, silicon solar battery can bring 10% 15% of solar transformed into electrical energy. It is easy to use, durable, and very clean, no pollution, is a relatively ideal power supply. Just photoelectric conversion ratio of small a few. In recent years, the U.S. has developed into a photoelectric conversion of 35% of high-performance solar cells. Australia with laser technology to produce solar battery, the photoelectric conversion of innovation, and the cost and diesel generating quite. All of these si-based ones in automotive applications opened up a broad prospect. The early solar car is made in Mexico. This car that is shaped like a three-wheeled motorcycle, in the roof is crossed by a pack of solar cell trellis. In the sunlight, solar battery supply auto electric energy, that the car speed per hour 40 kilometers, because the car everyday get electricity can only do 40 minutes, so it cant run far. In September 1984, Chinas first developed sun maru solar car trials are successful, and went into the far QinZhengDian, the Beijing news to the central leadership. It also shows that our country in the development of a new car ha