中西方口语课师生互动之对比研究-英语毕业论文定稿

i 摘要摘要 目前 对于中国和西方的口语教师在口语课堂上的互动存在着各种各样的声 音 是西方的 开放式 互动好还是中国的 填鸭式 互动有优势 本论文用对 比分析法 研究了目前中西方的口语现状 口语课师生互动的重要性 还有双方 口语教师的优缺点 论证了中国的以教师为中心的保守互动及西方的以学生为中 心的开放式互动对于培养自主型优秀人才的利与弊 通过对比研究 作者认为 西方教师的口语课互动方式要比中国的有好处 因为他们的方式能为学生创造更 多开口锻炼的机会 关键词 关键词 文化 传统 课堂 教学 师生互动 对比 ii Abstract Presently scholars hold different views on Chinese style and western style oral class student teacher interaction Which style is superior to the other western open interaction or Chinese cramming method This paper adopts the contrast analysis method to research on the current situation of oral English the importance of the interaction between teachers and students and the merits and demerits of both oral teachers Demonstrate the merits and demerits that are came from the conservative interaction of China s teacher centered approach and the open interaction of western s student centered approach that are implemented in the cultivation of autonomous talents By comparing it can be seen that there are more benefits of western teachers than those of China as western teachers way of teaching can create more chances for students to practice their oral their English Key Words culture tradition class teaching Teacher Student interaction contrast iii CONTENTS Chapter OneIntroduction 1 Chapter Two The present situation of teaching of spoken English in china 2 2 1 Spoken English teaching in universities 2 2 1 1 Not enough attention is paid to oral English teaching 3 2 1 2 Students Oral English is generally poor 3 2 1 3 Oral English is difficult to university students 3 2 1 4 Poor vocabulary hinders the progress of oral English 4 2 1 5 Lack of cultural knowledge leads to communication failure 4 Chapter Three The importance of teacher student interaction in speaking class 5 Chapter Four Teacher student interactions 6 4 1 What is interaction 6 4 2 The affect of interactive teaching 7 4 2 1 In favor of improving the effect of classroom teaching 7 4 2 2 Help students to maintain good mental state improve the efficiency of learning and attention 7 4 3 Improve the interest of learning English 8 4 4 It is conducive to the understanding of the text 8 4 5 To close the distance between teachers and students 8 Chapter Five The contrast study on Chinese and western Teacher Student interaction in speaking class 9 5 1 The characteristic of foreign teachers 9 5 1 1 Teaching method 9 5 1 2 Classroom management 9 5 1 3 Images of teachers 10 5 2 The characteristic of Chinese teachers 10 5 2 1 Teaching method 10 5 2 2 Classroom management 10 iv 5 2 3 Images of teachers 10 5 3 The contrast study of teacher student interaction in speaking class 11 5 3 1Chinese teachers are lack of interaction in the oral English classroom 11 5 3 2 The interaction manners of foreign teachers 12 5 3 2 1 Encouraged and Appreciate 12 5 3 2 2 Competition motivation 12 5 4 The teaching effects of both interaction manners 12 5 4 1 The teaching effects of foreign teacher 12 5 4 2 The teaching effects of Chinese teacher 13 5 5 The contrast between Chinese and foreign teachers 14 5 5 1 The interaction of teachers and students 14 5 5 2 The diversification teaching method 14 5 5 3 Teaching systematicness 15 Chapter Six Conclusion 15 广西师范学院师园学院 2012 届本科毕业论文 1 Chapter OneIntroduction English is a subject important in university learning The ultimate goal of English learning is to communicate with native speakers by speaking and writing But for a long time English teaching mostly lay particular stress on knowledge teaching the sentence analysis and text translation also focusing on the grammatical rules analysis and the achievement but ignoring the cultivation of students ability As a result middle school students oral English is generally poor As for English teaching in university oral English teaching is not as highly as other skills Consequently the students are able to easily pass the examination of reading and writing but fail to make communication Constructivist learning theory not only emphasizes objective knowledge of the internal construction but also social interaction between teacher student and student student so the theory of cooperative learning interactive teaching in spoken English teaching should be widely used Learning oral English must have a starting point or a motive This motive is defined by Gardner as the combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the language Plus favorable attitudes towards learning the language Gardner R C 1985 35 If you want to treat an illness you must find the source On the same principle if one wants to learn spoken English well one should learn a lot from the native of English It is generally regarded that Chinese dumb English is partly due to the fact that Chinese English teachers are unable to create the real English situation as the foreign teachers do Of course other reasons are inclusive of cultural difference and historical factor Many students who have had Chinese and foreign oral English teacher s class would reach a substantially same answer which is the foreign teachers class in general more active than the Chinese teachers this is because the foreign teachers can do it better in the interaction So it is reasonable to find out the merit and inadequacies of both Chinese and foreign teachers and complement each other so as to achieve ideal teaching effects Tian Tian once pointed 中西方口语课师生互动之对比研究 2 out that there is strong cultural characteristic in the environment language It is conducive for students to learn about the Chinese and foreign culture by correct interpretation of different national environmental language culture s differences Then really improve the students quality of language Tian Tian 2010 28 Chapter TwoThe present situation of teaching of spoken English in China Under many factors the situation of learning English for Chinese students is not optimistic especially spoken English The form of education in China emphasizes the basic knowledge of language teaching excessively but not the language skill teaching Thus it leads to the phenomenon of dumb English While the junior middle school stage was seen as a base period of learning English if we can not overcome this obstacle later stages of learning will become more difficult for students Therefore it is extremely necessary and urgent to discuss in depth the situation of oral English learning for middle school students explore the strategy of teaching reform and change the current situation of oral English teaching Dai Shulan had ever survey that Students generally realize the importance of English and spoken English Besides they wish that they could learn English well as well as improving their speaking ability What s more they are interested in learning English and how to improve their speaking ability Even are willing to use the opportunities to speak English in class But due to lacking of communication environment atmosphere and object quite a part of students can t talk in English On the other hand another part of the students who arelack of vocabulary and have a poor basis of English feel not confident about their English ability which lead them difficult to open their mouth Dai Shulan 2005 64 2 1 Spoken English teaching in universities 广西师范学院师园学院 2012 届本科毕业论文 3 2 1 1 Not enough attention is paid to oral English teaching Nowadays the oral English teaching effect is not ideal for so many common colleges which students oral English level is not high This phenomenon is universality and urgency to be ponders deeply over Yang Xiaomei Dong Ling 2011 12 In the traditional teaching model English teacher s role are positioning in the interpretation of the English language knowledge imparted this invisible regard language as a kind of knowledge for a science teaching This in theoretic is not sufficient also there are disadvantages in practice Most of basic education English teachers due to light weight the speaking and take stock of grammar at last they neglected the students speaking ability training Therefore the result is the grammar has solid grasp but the communication is really poor In the end the students got a lot of English knowledge but there still a dumb awkward situation 2 1 2 Students Oral English is generally poor Although our country college English teaching has made some achievements by reforming but people still concern about the learners present situation Sun Yajing 2006 7 Due to the limitation of the primary and secondary school and traditional teaching to write read listening to many schools did not conduct systematic oral training to the students as a result the students speaking foundation is weakness Most students grasp just a little common languages communicate skill they will not know how to start talking when meeting complex situation because they are lack of language application College students around the country from all sides influence by the unbalance of educational resource and the dialects and other personal cultural backgrounds they are uneven at spoken English 2 1 3 Oral English is difficult to university students Although the students have realized the importance of oral English after entering university but many of them are always being laugh at because their oral English foundation is poor they afraid not to be the standard pronunciation which leads to a considerable number of students in the English class are always silent This is not conducive for students to proficiency oral so many students speaking level is still not very ideal until graduating from University If students want to apply the knowledge 中西方口语课师生互动之对比研究 4 they study possibly they must master a large vocabulary sentence structure usage and other basic knowledge so that to use English to express freely pointed out by Yang Sujuan Yang Sujuan 2011 5 2 1 4 Poor vocabulary hinders the progress of oral English Students oral communicate is block and unable to express their meaning successfully because of they are lack of vocabulary In addition their discourse ability and social comprehensive language ability is relatively deficient It mainly manifested that they do not know how to use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to express the complicated meanings otherwise their spoken language expression not decent and coherent If this problem does not treat seriously the scholars in the conversation will be easily in a confused situation it is said that they would often not know what to say when face others 2 1 5 Lack of cultural knowledge leads to communication failure There debate a lot in academia about the definition of the language environment The writer agrees with the view of Riall W Nolan that Language environment refers to the material background and the overall arrangement Riall W Nolan 1999 50 Spoken English learning is a system engineer it involves many problems including language language and communication vocabulary and arrangement language rhetoric and linguistic notation and culture In China people did not pay enough attention to the cultural factors and its influences involve in the foreign language teaching This is not conducive to train the students cross cultural communicative ability It is closely related with culture background in many situations different objects and how to describe Sometimes the how to say don t say anything is more important than what to say If the learners are not familiar with the British and American cultural background knowledge and not know how to use the West thinking modes to comprehend the English language there will be a big obstacle for their oral English learning and understanding When westerners make a speech in China it is difficult for them to get their true meaning said L Xing a famous writer L Xing 2011 126 广西师范学院师园学院 2012 届本科毕业论文 5 Chapter Three The importance of teacher student interaction in speaking class Interactive teaching is an important part in the teaching and it relates to the interaction between teachers and students The research shows that most of people master a language mainly through the interaction or communication Therefore interaction is the most fundamental and the most important form to the language classroominstruction Classroomteachingcanprovidestudentswithmore opportunities for interaction which will become the vital factor of the language teaching Nowadays students in growing number have had a strong sense of social participation At the same time they have realized that in today s society if you want survive and develop you must have the awareness of social participation the social communication and improving relationships enhancing communication ability and expressive capacity This is the basic requirement of learning oral English Learning oral English for all the students should regard it as a starting point to seize the focus on learning which will enable them to have the ability to put into the school organization or planning communication activities finally to complete a specific task Interaction is the mutual exchange of thoughts feelings and views between two or more people It impacts each other In the exchanging people send a message to receive information and then interpretation this information in the context Consultation meanings mutually and complete the task Both teachers and students should be interactive for interaction can promote exchange rather than training At the same time it could bring the classroom interesting so as to make the students more interested in the spoken English class There are two important functions of teacher student interaction the first is to provide students more opportunities to exercise and improve their enthusiasm and initiative and develop their potential The other is teacher student interaction could provide students more chances to show of and cultivation the students group consciousness and organization skills To make the class teaching not only passes on students knowledge but also possesses the function 中西方口语课师生互动之对比研究 6 of cultivating the talent that contents the requirement of the society At present basic education curriculum and teaching reform are advocating building a suitable and harmonious teacher student interaction to help teachers and students develop together For foreign language teaching effective teacher student interaction is not only beneficial for the teachers to finish teaching but also conducive to the development of students language proficiency Teachers should constantly sum up the actual effect of teacher student interaction in classroom so as to use an effective method to promote oral English class Chapter Four Teacher student interactions The interaction between teachers and students is a common fashion that the teachers use to increase the classroom atmosphere It usually cause by teachers after that teachers invite students to cooperate with them to create a problem or complete a certain thing In this way all the students will fall over each other s hands to participate in interactive if they do it like this the classroom atmosphere will be active Teacher student interaction is design to let students and teachers to complete certain things cooperation thus to mobilize students thinking 4 1 What is interaction The so called interaction is that take the teachers as the leadership take the students as the mainstay teachers guide students to discover in the teaching process At the request of the students the teachers should inspire them Teachers and students cooperate closely then come true teaching and learning under the harmonious and happy situation At last come up to the purpose of improving the teaching effect A successful English teaching should be devoted to the formation of a new teaching of bilateral relations thereby to make the impact of two of the most important factors which are harmonious and sufficient play Teachers seize the opportunity to guide with a flexible teaching method when the teaching contents are enchanting Students under teachers guidance will improve their thinking and actively 广西师范学院师园学院 2012 届本科毕业论文 7 participate in everything moreover they will be good at break the routine and maybe someone would produce fantasy It could help developing their ability especially the ability of innovation 4 2 The affect of interactive teaching 4 2 1 In favor of improving the effect of classroom teaching Teaching is not only a science but more important also an article In the process of teaching students initiative enthusiasm and creativity are directly determined the level of learning efficiency and effect These factors inducted and elicit the key of teaching it has a close relationship in solving the key and the interaction of the teachers and students emotion Intimate the teacher and believe him The emotional experience of students will be rich and profound if the teachers have students learning in the environment that full of love and interested students with happiness or create situation cleverly For instance teaching the unit that plant trees they should tell the students the relevance Then let them enter the text with the problem how to plant a tree Using pictures to introduce the process and methods with scenes and contents at the end they would learn to imitate If everything holds up like this the classroom teaching will not be boring 4 2 2 Help students to maintain good mental state and improve the efficiency of learning and attention A famous educator once said To hold the student s attention is only one way that is to form and establish and maintain students such a state of mind its the mind that the intelligence excited state thus to make students realize the pride of pursuit of truth and go on intellectual activity Emotional interaction can promote thinking strengthen memory and improve learning efficiency The teachers instruct the before half then students answer the second part of the sentence In learning exclamatory sentences teachers can with It is a big classroom as an example to explain it will give the substitutes such as beautiful Teacher flower