2014年国培--中学英语语音教学--张慧军.ppt

HowtoteachEnglishphoneticsinjuniorsecondaryschools初中英语语音教学张慧军 Whatdoyouthinkofyourpronunciation Whatdoyouthinkofyourstudentspronunciation Whyteachphonetics Whattoteach Howtoteachphonetics Whentoteachphonetics Whyteachphonetics 综合语言运用能力 情感态度 学习策略 文化意识 语言技能 语言知识 国际视野祖国意识合作精神自信意志兴趣动机 交际策略资源策略调控策略认知策略 跨文化交际文化理解文化知识 话题功能语法词汇语音 写读说听 课程目标 TohelplayagoodfoundationforlearningEnglishvocabularyTohelpwithlisteningandspeakingToaffectreadingandwriting Tobuildupstudents confidenceinlearningEnglishToimproveunderstandingTocreateafavorableimpression 学生发音存在的问题1汉语中韵母无长短音之分 而英语的元音则有长短音之分 致使学生在发长元音时不够长 发短元音时不够短 2发汉语韵母音时一般都开口不大 致使学生在发和等音时口开得不够大 3英语前元音与汉语拼音e的形状相似 学生可能常会把英语的误读为汉语拼音的e 4受汉语双韵母音的影响 学生在发双元音时没有滑动过程和口型变化 5汉语里没有的音素如 tr dr 等 学生在学习时往往用汉语与英语相近似的音代替 这是不允许的 6汉语里没有辅音连缀现象 学生在初学英语时往往在两个辅音之间加上一个元音 如把grade读成 grd 等等 7汉语中没有失去爆破这一语音现象 学生往往把goodbye sitdown等中的爆破音 d t 读得太重 8在汉语中声母的清浊概念不很清楚 致使学生在发清辅音时声带振动 发浊辅音时用力不够 声带振动不够 此外 有些学生在没有掌握英语发音之前 用汉字来注英语 这是绝对不允许的 WhatproblemsdostudentshavewithEnglishpronunciation UsingthewrongsoundMakinglongvowelsshortLeavingsoundsoutAddingsoundsPuttingstressonthewrongsyllableinawordPuttingstressonthewrongwordinasentenceUsingthewrongintonationpattern G Poedjosoedarmo 2007 Whattoteach 义务教育英语课程标准 2011年版 附录一语音项目表 1 语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一 自然规范的语音 语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础 语音教学应注重语义与语境 语调与语流相结合 不要一味追求单音的准确性 义务教育英语课程标准 2011年版 附录一语音项目表 2 在英语教学起始阶段 语音教学主要应通过模仿来进行 教师应提供大量听音 模仿和实践的机会 帮助学生养成良好的发音习惯 义务教育英语课程标准 2011年版 附录一语音项目表 3 英语有不同的口音 如 英国口音 美国口音等 教学中 应让学生在基本掌握一种口音的基础上 适当接触不同的口音 为他们发展交际能力打下基础 义务教育英语课程标准 2011年版 附录一语音项目表 1 基本读音 1 26个字母读音 2 元音字母a e i y o u在重读音节中的读音 3 元音字母在单词中的基本读音 4 常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 5 常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音 如 th sh ch等 6 辅音连缀的读音 如black class flag glass plane sleep bright cry sky small speak star street splash spring screen programme quiet 义务教育英语课程标准 2011年版 附录一语音项目表 7 成节音的读音 如table people uncle single middle little parcel basin cousin often seven2 重音 1 单词重音 2 句子重音3 意群的读音 1 连读和失去爆破 2 弱读与同化4 语调与节奏 1 语调 升调 降调 2 节奏 Howtoteach 语音教学的技巧和方法 1Imitation 模仿 Thereisnodoubtthatimitationisoneofthekeys perhapsthegoldenkey tosuccessinpronunciation Eckersley C E 模仿 模仿的目的在于确保语音 语调的正确和提高表达的流利程度 模仿的时候 口齿要尽量清楚 在刚开始模仿时 速度不要过快 用慢速模仿 以便把音发到位 等到发音准确后 再加快速度 用正常的语速反复多说几遍 直到不用想就能用正常语速把句子轻松地说出来 对于自己读不准或比较生疏的单词要反复多听几遍 然后再反复模仿 逐个单词地练习 在那些常用词上下功夫 尽量模仿得像一些 2Repetition 复述 复述是一种很好的自我训练口语 记忆单词和句子的方法 复述方式阅读后复述 听录音后复述听录音后复述 既练听力 又练口语表达能力 可以提高注意力的集中程度 提高听的效果 而且还可以提高记忆力 克服听完就忘的毛病 复述要循序渐进复述的内容要有所选择 听音模仿 听和模仿是正确说的基础 听是第一位的 模仿是第二位的 听和模仿的时候 学生要看相应的形 读音 看词读或是看音标读 建议用熟词配上音标读 可以减轻学生的学习负担 Asheep i Aship i Asheepisnotaship Ashipisnotasheep Useminimalpairs 最小对立体 3 abirdtheworker theworkerTheworkerhasabird Cat e BedWhat sthis It sabed What sonthebed Oh Mygod It sacat Acatisonthebed a Father MotherFatherandmother motherandfather theygivemeahug 拥抱 door dogLook It sadoor What sbehindthedoor Oh it sadog Adogisbehindthedoor u Cool u LookOh youlooksocool ei name ai ImyWhat syourname IamKate What syourname MynameisMike i boy u goal 3 girlTheboyislookingatthegirl Thegirliskickingagoal Agoalandagirl Wekickagoalbutcan tkickagirl au out i here e there u SureLet ssayitout Hereandthere wearethebest Areyousure Yes Hereandthere wearethebest bemehesheteaeatseaseatmeatbeateachteachbeachreachbeanmeanbeebeefseeseemseenbeenmeetfreetreethreestreetdeepkeepjeepsleepsweepsheepgreenagreeitishitbitsitfitsixmixbigpigdigthishishimwithtoozoomoonsoonnoonspoonschoolcoolpooltoolfoodroombroomafternoonbooklookcooktookgoodstoodwoodfootcarcardhardyardguardfarfarmfarmerarmarmyartpartpartystarstartparksharkmarkmarketlargeclassglassgrasspasslastfastpastheartusbusbutcutnutmustshutluckducktrucksunrungunbunfunfunnysunny orforformbornwornfortynornorthmorningshortsportportyourfourdoorfloorallballtallwalltalkwalknothotpotgotlotshotboxfoxdogfogfrogsocklockclockrockpocketrocketsirgirlbirdthirdthirtythirstybirthbirthdayfirstearlyearthlearnhertermturnburnworkwordworldwormworseworstothermotherbrotherfatherworkerteacherplayeractordoctorvisitoranandhandbandsandatcatcatchmatchhatthatchatgladbadmaddadsadegglegbegdeskcheckselltellbellfellshellspellsmellheadheavy namesamegametameshameblamemaketakecakesnakewakeskatelateplatehategatesafetapeshapesaymaydayplaypaystaywayawayraintrainagaingainpaintheyeightIhilikebikeniceicericepricelifeknifewiferightlightflightfightnightbrightmightsightboytoyjoyenjoyoilboilsoiltoilet namesamegametameshameblamemaketakecakesnakewakeskatelateplatehategatesafetapeshapesaymaydayplaypaystaywayawayraintrainagaingainpaintheyeightIhilikebikeniceicericepricelifeknifewiferightlightflightfightnightbrightmightsightboytoyjoyenjoyoilboilsoiltoilet eardearnearhearfearclearhereideareallyairhairchairfairpairbearwearpearcareharedaresharesparesquarewheresurepoornogosohelloknowsnowslowlowblowshowgrowrowthrowcoatcoastboatgoatthroathownowcowwowdowntownbrownflowertowerpoweroutaboutshouthousemouse 3Makingconnections Connectphoneticteachingwithpracticeofwords phrases sentences texts etc seafoodIlikeseafood Ilikeeatingseafood Ilikeeatingseafoodontheseashore Ilikeeatingseafoodontheseashorewith Ilikeapplesbecausetheykeepthedoctoraway Ilikeorangesbecausetheytastefresh Ilikepineapplesbecausetheylookinteresting ButIhatebananasbecausetheyareyellow Whosebookisthis It smine It smine Whoseworkisthis Thisbeautifulwork It smine It smine It smine It smine Whoseworkisthis Thisawfulwork It shis It shis It shis It shis Areyousureit snotyours No no it snotmine Areyousure I msure It shis It shis It snotyours It snotmine Talltrees talltrees bigtalltrees Talltrees talltrees bigtalltrees Bigtrees talltrees Bigtrees talltrees Big talltrees Bigtrees talltrees ThecoastofCaliforniaBigtrees talltrees isabeautifulsight Talltrees talltrees withthetalltrees talltrees Big talltrees big talltrees Bigtrees talltrees ThecoastofCaliforniaBigtrees talltrees isabeautifulsight Talltrees talltrees withthetalltrees talltrees Big talltrees big talltrees Bigtrees talltrees bigtrees talltrees Big talltrees Itwasraining raining raining raininghard Itwasfalling falling fallingonthestars Sweetrain Raining raining Softrain Raining raining Warmrain Raining raining Sweet soft warmrain Raining rainining Sweet soft warmrain Raining rainining Raining raining raining raining Twinkle twinkle littlestar HowIwonder whatyouare Upabovetheworldsohigh Likeadiamondinthesky Twinkle twinkle littlestar HowIwonder whatyouare Lazy lazy lazy lazy lazy lazyJaneShewantsadrinkofwater soshewaits andwaitsandwaitsandwaitsandwaitsandwaitsforittorain Whohasseenthewind NeitheryounorI ButwhenthetreesbowdowntheirheadsThewindispassingby CristinaRossetti Nothingshouldbespokenbeforeithasbeenheard Nothingshouldbereadbeforeithasbeenspoken Nothingshouldbewrittenbeforeithasbeenread L G AlexanderListening Speaking ReadingandWriting 4 音 形 义 用 一体 语境法 一 用Chant进行语音教学 二 用Tongue Twister进行语音教学 三 用Rhyme进行语音教学 四 用Story进行语音教学 五 用Proverb进行语音教学 一 用Chant进行语音教学 Where thereBear pear Bear bear thereisabear Pear pear thereisapear Bear pear whereisabear Whereisapear Onthetree Ihaveseenyouwalkalongthewayhomewithheavybags Ihaveheardyougreetmehappybirthday Ihavefeltyouarearoundmeandcallmyname Ihaverememberedyoutakemetoclimbthehill Ihaveseenyouturnaroundandsmileatme Ihaveheardyoutalktomeonthephone IhavefeltyouencouragemewhenImeetfrustration Ihaverememberedweseethesunsetonthehill Ihaveseenyourpalefaceinthepatients room IhaveheardyouassureusyouwillbeOK Ihavefeltyourdeterminationandbravery IhaverememberedthelasttimewhenIsawyou IhaveseenyouwheneverIlook IhaveheardyourvoicewheneverIlisten IhavefeltyouarewithmewheneverIthinkofyou IhaverememberedthepastdayswithyouwheneverIlookback Becauseyouarealwaysinmyheart deargrandpa 二 用Tongue Twister进行语音教学 所编写的绕口令应该是能够真实地运用在语境中 且应该尽量用简单句 同时 在编写绕口令时 教师一定要先决定绕口令的训练目的 利用学生学过的词汇编一些例子 并要求学生反复 连续朗读 在正确朗读的基础上再加快速度 绕口令 1Mikelikestowriteunderthebrightlightatnight 2Hekissesthemissesandshemissesthekisses 3Anappleadaykeepsadoctoraway 4Therearethirty threetreesthere 5Shesellsseashellsontheseashore 6Thereisnoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight foranightlight sjustaslightlight 8Amanhasafathandwithabigham 9Here sacat wearingahat sittingonamat andwatchingarat 10Apinkpencilisinapurplepencilcase 11Thelightontherightisverylightatnight 12It seight andI mlate Soheclosedthegate 13Thebabyandtheladyareplayingbythelake 14Goodcookiescouldbecookedbyagoodcookifagoodcookcouldcookgoodcookies 三 用Rhyme进行语音教学 ThelittlecatThelittlecatismad Thelittlecatissad Thelittlecatfeelsverybad Littlecat littlecat Whyareyousomadandsosad Goodmorningtoallwhowalk Goodmorningtoallwhocrawl Goodmorningtoallwhosoar Orswim goodmorning Icall Tobroadandtosmalltoshortandtotall Goodmorning goodmorningtoall Good better best Neverletitrest Tillgoodisbetter Andbetterisbest MrBlackisafunnyman Everythinghelikesisblack Blackhats blackbag Blackdogs blackcats Yes he safunnyman Thereisalittlebee Comingfromtheappletree Flyingintheflowers Andcan tseeme Rosewillberidingintheray Birdswillbesingingonherway Fishwillbeswimminginthebay Deerwillbecomingintheplay Grasswillbenoddingbythelake Rosewillbehavingagoodday 四 用Story进行语音教学 Oneday acountrymousewantstovisithisfriendinthetown Buthedoesn tknowtheway Hewalksandwalks andheseesabrowncowunderatree Hestopsandaskshim browncow browncow howcanIgotothetown Browncowanswers it sfarfromthismountain Idon tknow Thanks Imustgonow saysthemouse Andthenhewalksandwalks Afteranhourlater heseesasmallhouse Infrontofthehouse thereisahorse Itsmouthisverybig Hestopsandaskshim MrHorse howcanIgotothetown Areyoukidding Thetownisoverthere isn tit saysthehorse Ilikeseafoodverymuch IinvitedmygirlfriendlastSundaytoaseafoodrestaurant Iwelcomeheratthegatewithabigbunchofflowersandabroadsmile Wewerepleasedtoseeeachotherandhandinhand wewentintotherestaurantromantically ButasIsatdownatthetable Ifeltsomethingthinandhardundermyfoot Whatisit Iwondered Ilookeddownatitandfoundapencilonthefloor Oh whosepencilisit Ithought 五 用Proverb进行语音教学 Nopain nogain Healthiswealth Eastorwest Homeisbest WhenthewindisintheEastIt sgoodforneithermannorbeast WhenthewindisintheNorthTheskilfulfishergoesnotforth WhenthewindisintheSouthItblowsthebaitinthefish smouth WhenthewindisintheWestThenit satitsverybest Eveningredandmorninggrey Sendthetraveleronhisway