文献翻译——基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统

1外文文献资料DataAcquisitionSystemBasedonLabVIEW1.DataAcquisitionDataacquisition,usingadevice,fromtheexternaldatacollectionsystemandinputtotheinternalsystemofaninterface.Dataacquisitioniswidelyusedinvariousfields.Bycollectingdataisvariousphysicalquantitiesareconvertedtoelectricsignals,suchastemperature,waterlevel,velocity,pressure,canbeanalog,digitalcontentcanalsobe.Acquisitionisgenerallysamplingmode,satacertaintime(calledthesamplingperiod)repeatedlyonthesamepointdataacquisition.Mostofthecollecteddataisinstantaneous,butalsoafeatureinsomeperiodoftimevalue.Theamountofdatameasurementmethodwithcontactandnon-contactdetectingelement,avarietyof,Nomatterwhatmethodandelement,indoesnotaffectthemeasuredobjectandtheconditionofmeasurementasthepremise,inordertoensurethecorrectnessofdata.Dataacquisitionandmeaninginverywide,includingoncontinuousphysicalquantitycollection.Inthedesignofcomputeraidedmapping,graphicsordigitalimagescanalsobereferredtoasthedataacquisition,theacquisitionisgeometricparameters(includingthephysicalquantities,suchasgray)data.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternetindustrytoday,dataacquisitionhasbeenwidelyusedinthefieldofInternetanddistributed,dataacquisitionfieldhasundergoneimportantchanges.Firstofall,theintelligentdataacquisitionsystemofdistributedcontrolapplicationshasmadeconsiderabledevelopmentathomeandabroad.Secondly,thenumberofbuscompatibledataacquisitioncardisincreasing,thenumberofdataacquisitionsystemiscompatiblewiththepersonalcomputerisontheincrease.Avarietyofdomesticandforeigndataacquisitionmachinewereintroduced,thedataacquisition,intoanewera.2.LABVIEW2.1.Introduction2LabVIEW(virtualinstrumentengineeringplatformLaboratoryVirtualInstrumentationEngineeringWorkbench,laboratory)isagraphicalprogramdevelopedbynationalinstrumentscompanyUSAcompiler,inventorJeffKodosky,theprogramwasoriginallypublishedinAppleComputerin1986.EarlyLabVIEWtothedesignofautomaticcontrolinstrument,hasbecomeahigh-levelprogramminglanguagegraduallymature.Differentgraphicalprocedurewiththetraditionalprogramminglanguageisthebreakthetraditionalmodeofthinkingoftheconcept,theprogramflowchartofdesignersatthesametimeideaisalsocompletedtheprocessofwriting.LabVIEWthefirsttointroducetheconceptofvirtualinstrumentinparticular,userscandirectlycontrolinstrumentdevelopedbyman-machineinterface.Inaddition,LabVIEWprovideslibraryincludes:signalinterception,signalanalysis,machinevision,numericalcomputation,logicoperation,soundvibrationanalysis,datastorage.Etc.CurrentlysupportsWindows,UNIX,Linux,MacOSoperatingsystem.DuetothedevelopmentofLabVIEWinterfacespecialgraphicsproceduressimple,shortensthedevelopmentprototypeofspeedandfacilitatefuturesoftwaremaintenance,thusgraduallybythepersonneldevelopmentandresearchsystemoflove.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinthefieldofindustrialautomation.TheLabVIEWdefaultbymultiplethreadstoruntheprogram,theprogrammerisagreattool.Inaddition,LabVIEWcommunicationinterfacesupport:GPIB,USB,IEEE1394,MODBUS,serialinterface,parallelport,IrDA,TCP,UDP,Bluetooth,.NET,ActiveX,SMTPandotherinterface.2.2.DataflowprogrammingTheLabVIEWprogramminglanguage,alsoknownastheGlanguage,isadataflowprogramminglanguage.Theprogrammerbynodewireconnectingdifferentfunction,programchartgraphic(LVsourcecode)structuredetermineshowprogramsexecution.Thelinetransfervariable,theinputdataareallready,nodeswillbeimmediatelyexecuted.Thismayappearatthesametime,theuseofmultiplenodes,Glanguagenaturallywithparallelexecutionability.Thebuilt-inautomaticschedulingalgorithmusingmultiprocessorandmultithreadinghardware,crossplatformreuseinthenodecanrunonathread.2.3.Graphicalprogramming3LabVIEWwillcreateauserinterface(calledthefrontpanel)worknaturalintegrationintothedevelopmentcycle.TheLabVIEWprogram/subroutineiscalledvirtualinstrument(VI).EachVIhasthreecomponents:theblockdiagram(BlockDiagram),thefrontpanel(FrontPanel)andicon/connector(Icon/Connector).TheconnectorisusedforotherprogramblockdiagramoftheVIbycalling.ProgrammerscanusethecontrolsonthefrontpaneldatainputintoarunningVI,ortousethedisplaycontrolwillresultoutput.Thefrontpanelcanalsobeusedasaprogramminginterface:eachvirtualinstrument(VI)canputthefrontpanelastheuserinterface,torunasaprogram;alsocanbeusedasanodeinanotherVIblockdiagram,connectedthroughaconnectorpanel,andthepanelistodefinetheinputandoutputofVI.ThismeansthateachVI,priortoalargeprojectasasubroutineembedded,canbeveryconvenienttotest.ThegraphicalmethodalsoallowsnonprogrammersthroughdraganddropvirtualformVItogenerateprocedures,controllaboratoryequipmenttheyalreadyknow.IntheLabVIEWprogrammingenvironment,withalargenumberofroutinesanddocumentationhasbeenprovided,caneasilycreateasmallapplication.Thisisagoodone,ontheotherhand,underestimatetherequiredtowritehighqualityGlanguageoftheprofessionalskillsandknowledgewillbringcertainrisk.Thepreparationofcomplexalgorithmsorlarge-scalecode,thereisaveryimportantpoint,isthatprogrammersneedtohaveextensiveknowledgeofLabVIEWspecialsyntax,andtopologyinLabVIEWmemorymanagement.LabVIEWdevelopmentsystemisthemostadvancedoffersthepossibilitytocreateseparateapplication.Inaddition,youcanalsocreateadistributedapplication,communicatingthroughtheclient/servermodel.BecausetheparallelcharacteristicofGlanguagenaturally,itisveryeasytoimplement.2.4.TimingsystemLabVIEWinJanuary1,1904(Epochreferencedate)asazero(start)time.UsedJanuary1,1904asthestartingtimeofsoftwareandAppleCorpMacOS9,PalmOS,MP4,MicrosoftExcel.2.5.EditionLabVIEW1.X4NIwasfoundedintenyears,tolaunchMACINTOSHplatformLabVIEW1.0,themainsupportUSAAnalongDevicescompanys5BseriesmoduleandGPIBcontrol.Aftertwoyearsofimprovement,LabVIEW1.2hasbeenabletobasicallyclearconceptrepresentationofvirtualinstrument,signalprocessing,instrumentcontroletc.LabVIEW2.XLabVIEW1.0fouryearsafteritsrelease,releasedtheLabVIEW2.0version,thegraphicalcompilerhasbeenimproved,greatlyacceleratingthecompilerspeed,andthisversionisstillinthedevelopmentofMac,becausePCwasintheDOSera.In1992LabVIEW2.5released,thisisthefirstversionoftheWindowsplatform,thecorearchitecturemodel,isacrossplatformreadyLabVIEW3.XIn1993October,basedontheLabVIEW2.5asthecoreofthedevelopmentofLabVIEW3.0,supportthelatestoperatingsystem,WindowsNI,wasanimportantmilepost,becauseWindowshasgraduallybecomethemainstreamoperatingsystemofthecomputerLabVIEW4.XIn1996AprilLabVIEW4.0release,LabVIEW4.0providesexecutablefilecompiler,DAQwizardandothernewtools,aftertenyearsofefforts,LabVIEWintoagraphicalprogrammingtrack.LabVIEW5.XLabVIEW5.0introducestheconceptofmultiplelinear.TheLabVIEW5.1versionsupportsActiveX,imageprocessing,Matlab,3DchartsandothernewfunctionsLabVIEW6.XLabVIEW6.0forDataSocketnetworkcommunicationfunctionimproved,waveformdisplaycontrolimprovementsandnew,supportDLL,simplifythemeasuringprocesstomakeiteasiertoextractthesignal,supportHTMLformatreport,3DchartcontrolimprovedbythepolymorphicVI.Control,LabVIEW6.1forthefirsttimetosupportremoteinterface,EventintroducestheconceptofPoint-pointsignalprocessingfunctionlibrary,supporttheproduction,installationpackagetosupportXMLformat,supportinfrareddatatransmissionofIRDAnew5LabVIEW7.XThelaunchoftheExpressVILabVIEW7.0innovationtomeasureandinstrumentcontrolmoreconvenient,DAQAssistantandInstrumentI/OAssistant,simplifyingthemeasurementandcontroloftheinstrument,andcanbeautomaticallyconvertedintographicscode,addedFeedbackNode,breakpointanddebuggingfunction,supportFPGAprobe,PalmOSandPocketPCoperatingsystem.In2004MarchreleasedLabVIEW7.1supportBluetoothcommunication,providepolynomialcalculation,providespeedBLAS/LAPACKmathfunction,fastersupportnavigationwindow,HyperthreadsupportCPU,supportLABVIEWRTDAQmxDriverLabVIEW8.XTheversionoftheLabVIEW8.Xobjectorientedprogramming（oop）concepts,makeLabVIEWmoreclosetoacompleteprogramminglanguage.LabVIEWversion8.20istocelebratethetwentiethanniversaryoftheLabVIEWname.LabVIEW8.5newfunctionsareasfollows:Suchastheintegrationofthelatesttechnologyofmulti-coreprocessorseasilyThenewfunctioninthemanagementofsoftwaredevelopment,suchasgraphicwithVIfunctionBasedonBLASsignalprocessinglibrarynew,morerapiddataanalysisThestatediagramofprogramdesigninnewways,applicationdevelopmentcompleteLabVIEW2009Labview2009addedMathScriptRT,Windows64bitoperatingsystemsupport,WebServiceaddedSLLsecuritysupport,newprobemanagementwindow,thenewlocalCleanUpfunction,supportMSExcelreadTDMSdocuments,andtosupporttheWindows7operatingsystemLabVIEW2010LabVIEW2010significantlyenhancethecompilerefficiency,simplifiesthesoftwareinstallation,networkhardwaresettingandsearchfunction,thenewnetworkdatastream,HTTPClientfunctionandPackedProjectLibraries,atthesametimeaccordingtousersopinionofintegratingmultiplefunctions,makeprogrammingeasier62.6.EffectofLabVIEWsystemonthedigitaldesignsoftwaredevelopmentOverviewTopredictthetrendoflongrevealsthedesignandtestofthewholesystemdesignprocessofunification,thetwoformerlyindependentfunctionswillbeintegratedtogether.Obviousadvantagesofintegratedfunctionscanputintothemarketintimeandgettheoverallqualitybetter,andtheseadvantagesareattributedtocreatedesignatthesametimeintegratedtestdefinitionandimplementation.Inthesystemdesignprocess,fromdesigntoimplementationandfinaldeploymentofthesystem,canbereusedfortheseearlytestingplatform.Inordertorealizethedesignandtestofunity,especiallyforsimilarcomplexfunctionoftheRFcommunication,needtodesignsoftwareandthelanguageofchoiceofeffectiveimplementationatallstagesoftestingandimplementationofthedesignlifecycle.Beforethis,usedforsystemsimulationanddesignandfortherealizationofthetoolsandtechnologyofsystemarequitedifferent.Inadditiontothedesignandimplementationoftoolsandlanguagesareusuallydifferentfromthetesttools.Thiswillleadtodifferentfunctionalteamstousedifferenttools,willincreasethecomplexityofcommunicationandreducethereusablecodemobilityinthedesignandtestof.Thesefactorsarethemainobstaclestotherealizationofthedesignandtestofunified,sothedesignofsystemsoftwaretoprovideasingleideallanguageforsimulation,implementationandtesting,andinallthedesignphaseandthefunctionbetweenthemaximumcodereuse.TheconventionalapproachtoreducingrestrictionsUsuallycancrossoverdesignstagesandfeaturesofthetoolaretryingtoreducebetweeneachstageandfunctionalrestrictions,ratherthancreatingasingleenvironmentacrossallstagesandfeaturesofthelanguage.Forexample,inRFthedevelopmentofcommunicationstandardsemerging,expertsinthedesignofcommunicationsystemmayusepuremathematicalalgorithmformodelingandSimulationoftrafficflow.Inordertotestthemodel,thedesignermaycreateacustomtestplatformorreusecompliancesuitefortestingindustrialstandardprotocol.7Whenthedesignmeettherequirements,thetraditionalconversionmethodfromdesigntoimplementationthealgorithmtoothergroups,andthemathematicalalgorithmintoaprogrammanually,usuallyaccordingtotheexecutionrequirestheuseofANSICorHDLlanguage.Inadditiontoconversiontestingplatformitself,theconvertingsteprequiresdifferentskillsoftheothergroup,andthelossofanypartoftheconversionmaycausenewdefectsortestcoveragereduction.Eveniftheinitialconversionstagemaynotcomplicatedenough,buttheproblemwiththeredefinitionofthedesignordiscoveryprogramdefectsbecomemorecomplex.Separationdesignalgorithmandprogramimplementationwillleadtofindandfixslowdevelopmentcycle.Inordertoalleviatesomeproblems,conversiontoolscanprovideautomaticcodegenerationstepstohelpthesimulationtoANSICorHDL.Althoughtheprocessisconducivetothealgorithmdesignofmigrationtotheprocessorandfieldprogrammablegatearray(FPGA),butstillneedtobefamiliarwithANSICorHDLdeveloperstodeployandtestdesign.Maynothavetheoriginaldesignperfect,andautomaticcodegenerationwillbetheexistenceofdefects.MethodssingletoolprovidedbyLabVIEWAlternativemethodsusedtodesignsoftwareNILabVIEWcommunicationsystem,designerscanthecommunicationflowismodeledusingLabVIEW,thenthetestplatform.Whenmeetstherequirementsofdesignandtesting,thesystemdesignerneedsonlytheterminaldesignalgorithmdirectlytosetastheprocessororFPGAtoachievespecificprocedures.Fromtheexperimentaldesignofinitialtofinalprogram,systemdesignerscanusethesameenvironment,algorithmandthedebuggingandtestingmethod.Thisapproachcanmaximizetheskillsandmodulereuse,andtheerrorandcorrectioncyclenumberconversionminimization.Sinceinthedesign,implementationandtestreusethesamealgorithmandcodegenerationstepswithoutindependentcanprovidevariousadvantages,sowhyothersystemdesignsoftwareisnotuseddirectlyreuse?Thisismainlyduetosomehistoricalreasonsresultedinthissituation.Designsoftwaresystemformostinitialsimulationofspace,andthetimedomainsimulationhasbeenverifiedasthebehaviorofthesystemwasoptimized,andthenrealizethe8directiontotheprogram.TheLabVIEWcorefortherealizationofthesystem,andtodesignandsimulationdirection.Theprogramminglanguage,andIP/algorithmmoduleismoreimportanttocompileandexecutethedesigntothereal-timerateinprocessorandFPGA.Inadditiontotherealizationofalgorithmreuse,LabVIEWprogramtoachievethetraditionalgreatextentonthepartofthesimulationtimeofacceleration.Forexample,LabVIEWcanbecompiledintodesktopalgorithmcompleteprocessorspecificmachinecode.ForthepureDSPtypealgorithms,systemdesignerswillbefasterthanthoseofthecontinuoustimedomainsimulationmethodforthealgorithmrealizationanddebugging.ComparedwiththedesignforthesimulationofFPGAterminal,theadvantageisespeciallyobvious.TheexpectedformofLabVIEWcansupportthesimulationaccuracyandcycle.Tomeetthedemandinaparticularsituationfunctiontestcanusually,butLabVIEWcanincreasethespeedseveralordersofmagnitude,themainreasonforthefunctionofthecodehasbeenforthelocalexecutionofthefunctioniscompiledandoptimizedcompletely,andisnolongermerelysimulation.Relativetothesimulationalgorithmisslower,reuseinthesimulationtoachieverapidalgorithmmorepracticaluse,socomparedwithothersystemsoftwaredesign,LabVIEWhasmoreobviousadvantages.DesignandthedesignofRFcommunicationinLabVIEWsystemTendstobedesignedandtestedontheRFunifiedparadigm,relativetotheuniversaltrend,communicationdesignwillleadtosomeuniquecomplexity.Themostimportantcondition,createatransmittermustwhentestingtheRFreceiver,andthetransmittermustalsocreateatestreceiver.Signalandthetestcharacteristicsofmostofthetimethetestmustexceedthedesignspecification.InadditiontochangefrequencyRFcommunicationmethodandstandardveryquickly,thisalsototesttheflexibilityandspeedrequirementsareputforward.SotheidealtestinstrumentforRFtransmitterandreceivermustallowrapidreuseofdigitalsignalprocessing(DSP)algorithm,andhashighperformanceandflexibility.Thetraditionalmethodforthiskindoftestinstrumentswillcreateaspecificfunction,whichareusedformeasuringandtestingofcertaintypeof9communication.Forcompletecoverageofthedesignandtest,notonlyneedtoconsiderthetestprocess,testplatformandadditionalfactorsinthedesignprocess,andideallydesignandtestneedtodirectlyusetheactualhardwareandsignalbutnotonlyisthesimulation.IntheLabVIEWandNIPXIe-5644Rvectorsignaltransceiverexample,whendefiningthetrafficflowonthedesktopDSPbasiccomponentsandtheimplementationoftheexpectedfunctions,designerscanchangethealgorithmterminalfromthedesignenvironmentdesktopforvectorsignaltransceiverFPGA.Themainfactorsaswellasthemigrationfromalgorithmdesigntofinaldeployment(eitherdesignortest)isthemainobstacleforcorrectlyintegratedrealtime,moreimportantis,hardwareI/Oandsignalcalibration.Fordesignandtestfunction,theDSPalgorithmdesignersusuallydifferentfromtherealizationofI/Ocontainsintegrateddevicefirmwareteam.TheprogrammingdevicethroughthevectorsignaltransceiverandLabVIEWRIO,NIwillprovidethehardwareplatformofRFprogrammableIPblock,theplatformwillcontainhighlyoptimized.Theblockcanbemanagedwithsignalcalibrationintegratedhigh-speedA/DandD/Aconventionalcomplexity,DMAdataaswellastothehostprocessorandhigh-speedon-boardmemorystream.ThevectorsignaltransceiverIPrepresentthreemajorcharacteristics.Firstonthedesktopsimulationfunctionforalgorithmdesign.Secondly,thesourcecodecanbeusedforreferenceormodify.Asstatedbefore,finallycansupporttoreal-timeexecutionsystemseamlessmigration.Integrateddesign,developmentanddeploymentInordertorealizefromthealgorithmtothedeploymentofclosesystemdesignprocess,musthavethecompletesoftware/hardwareperspective.Thesoftwaremustincludetiming,I/OalgorithmandDSPalgorithmIPcorrectly.TheIPmustbeabletosupporttheexecutionofsimulation,andtheneedforfastexecutionfunctiondebuggingandsupportrapiddesigncycle,andeventuallytothedesignandtestingofcodefromadesktopenvironmentmigrationtoprogrammablehardwaredeployment.Useralgorithmdevelopmentandtestingaretheimportantintellectualproperty(IP),andthemaintaskofanysystemdesigntoolistomaximizethe10developmentefficiency,allowinguserstotheoriginaldesignandtheultimaterealizationofsmalldifferencesforthesameIPreuse.Onlywhenasystemdesignsoftwareinitiallytoprogramisadoptedtoconstructthemoduleofopenandreusable,andthebasicbuildingblockscanbeperfectlymatchedforiterativedesignprocessofreconfigurablehardware,canrealizetheway.VectorsignaltransceiverandcombinedwithLabVIEWdesignsoftwareandsupportLabVIEWRIOcanachievethisgoal.11中文翻译资料基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统1.数据采集数据采集，是利用一种装置，从系统外部采集数据并输入到系统内部的一个接口。集技术广泛引用在各个领域。被采集数据是已被转换为电讯号的各种物理量，如温度、水位、风速、压力等，可以是模拟量，也可以是数字量。采集一般是采样方式，即隔一定时间（称采样周期）对同一点数据重复采集。采集的数据大多是瞬时值，也可是某段时间内的一个特征值。准确的数据量测是数据采集的基础。数据量测方法有接触式和非接触式，检测元件多种多样。不论哪种方法和元件，均以不影响被测对象状态和测量环境为前提，以保证数据的正确性。数据采集含义很广，包括对面状连续物理量的采集。在计算机辅助制图、测图、设计中，对图形或图像数字化过程也可称为数据采集，此时被采集的是几何量（或包括物理量，如灰度）数据。在互联网行业快速发展的今天，数据采集已经被广泛应用于互联网及分布式领域，数据采集领域已经发生了重要的变化。首先，分布式控制应用场合中的智能数据采集系统在国内外已经取得了长足的发展。其次，总线兼容型数据采集插件的数量不断增大，与个人计算机兼容的数据采集系统的数量也在增加。国内外各种数据采集机先后问世，将数据采集带入了一个全新的时代。2.LabVIEW2.1简介LabVIEW（LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentationEngineeringWorkbench，实验室虚拟仪器工程平台）是由美国国家仪器公司所开发的图形化程序编译平台，发明者为杰夫考度斯基（JeffKodosky），程序最初于1986年在苹果电脑上发表。LabVIEW早期是为了仪器自动控制所设计，至今转变成为一种逐渐成熟的高级编程语言。图形化程序与传统编程语言之不同点在于程序流程采用之概念打破传统之思维模式，使得程序设计者在流程图构思完毕的同时也完成了程序的撰写。LabVIEW率先引入了特别的虚拟仪表的概念，用户可通过人机界面直接控制自行开发之仪器。此外LabVIEW提供的库包含：信号截取、信号分析、机器视觉、数值运算、逻辑运算、声音震动分析、数据存储.等。目前可支持Windows，UNIX，Linux，MacOS等操作系统。由于LabVIEW特殊的图形程序简单易懂的开发接口，缩短了开发原型的速度以及方便日后的软件维护，因此逐渐受到系统开发及研究人员的喜爱。目前广泛的被应用于工业自动化之领12域上。LabVIEW默认以多线程运行程序，对于程序设计者更是一大利器。此外LabVIEW通信接口方面支持：GPIB，USB，IEEE1394，MODBUS，串行接口，并发端口，IrDA，TCP，UDP，Bluetooth，.NET，ActiveX，SMTP.等接口。2.2数据流编程LabVIEW编程语言，也被称为G语言，是一种数据流编程语言。程序员通过绘制导线连接不同功能的节点，图形化的程序框图（LV源代码）结构决定程序如何执行。