高考英语完形填空应试与技巧

完形填空 解题技巧,cloze,借助合理联想解题,利用首句解题,调动语法规则解题,通过词义辨析解题,凭借背景知识解题,Topics: 依据上下文语境解题 运用逻辑分析判断解题,跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破,完形填空的解题总则,把握整体,具体分析,上下文是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，根据上下文中对比， 因果，转折等线索，前后顺序，上文对下文的提示以及下文对上文的解释等关系，找出信息词，猜出文中的生词并继而判断出需要填入的单词，是做好完形填空题的关键。,CONTEXT,近年来，完形填空题在设计上朝着深层化及语境化的方面挖掘，侧重对篇章结构的理解和逻辑推理判断能力的考查。设空时以实词为主，而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误，词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法光凭表面理解获知。就选择题而言，则加强了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题的难度值。因此，只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定, ，才能够准确做出判断。,D stands for d_. We should first of all make sure that the accident scene is no longer dangerous. R is for r_. If the person can answer our questions, we know that he or she is conscious and can breathe. A is for airway. We must make sure that a persons airway is open and it is easy to b_. B is for breathing. If a person is breathing but not c_, it is usually best for him or her not to be moved. C is for circulation. Is the persons blood c_?,anger,esponse,reathe,onscious,irculating,I. 运用上下文中的话题再现解题,Ex.1. Fill in the blanks, pay attention to the red letters.,eg. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. It is, however, possible to use models to make forecasts about future developments.,topic emersion,有时话题再现也表现为反义词或同类词再现,eg. The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm. If we were to Panic we would not be able to help.,Ex.2. Fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letter of each word has been given. Pay attention to the clues in red. And if poverty is l_ of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and f_ wars.,ess,ewer,AIDS is a disease that breaks _1_ the bodys immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses. Most people who have AIDS _2_ to survive only _3_ years after they get the disease. For some, medicine can help them alive, but the treatment is expensive and does not _4_ them.,A down B over C into D upA try B manage C struggle D learnA few B less C a few D enoughA treat B operate C help D cure,II.运用上下文中的语义联系解题,Ex.3. Find out some clues, and then choose the best answers.,defenceless against,infections and illnesses,survive only,after they get the disease,but,semantic association,A. Xiaohua has learnt to l_ with HIV and the fact that she will one day d_ AIDS. She knows that her life will not be as long as her classmates, but she will not let the disease d_ her happiness.,B. I now think of my cancer as a g_. Living with cancer has made me realise how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the f_. Every day is a new opportunity, and I have learnt to a_ every minute of each day.,ive,evelop,ift,ullest,ppreciate,estroy,III. 通过理解篇章或深层意义解题,Ex.4. Understand the main idea of the paragraphs, then fill in the blanks. The first letter of each word is given.,discourse,1) On the whole, I think I am a better person for having gone to the school. I can read and write as well as anyone else my age, and I can think better. Thats probably a real big difference between the free school and regular school-the amount of _. (NMET2000, 春） A. reading B. gardening C. teaching D. thinking,该段落强调作者比同龄人更会思考，且这一点是 Free School 和正规学校的最大区别。结尾处是对上文的总结，属于话题同现的情况。,Explanation:,Ex.5. Try to find out some clues with the skills we learnt, and then work out the problems.,_,Lets have a try!,2) Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a bank in Long Island had been broken into by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $150,000. “One hundred and fifty thousand,” Todd whistled. Heres a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money. Todd thought of the _ with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station. So many papers to sign, so much money to pay back. A. satisfaction B. difficulty C. disappointment D. spirit,_,_,_,_,_,填此空时，应该充分利用上下文，对照上文的语气：武装分子抢钱如此轻巧！而自己赚钱却是如此麻烦，其中manage to 也有一定提示作用。,4) It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleepily-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their _ . A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices,通过下文中政治家名字的提示，可以确定D为最佳答案。,3) Surely it took the wisdom of age to make a good _. Perhaps it does, but look when these people started their careers. Winston Churchill was elected to the House of Commons at the age of twenty-six. Abraham Lincoln gave up the life of a country lawyer and was elected to the government at what age? Twenty-six.A. teacher B. artist C. scientist D. leader,完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。在整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角度进行合乎逻辑的推理，进而验证推理的正确性，修正初填的答案，以达到理解全文、解决问题的目的。,REASONING,因此可以说正确分析推理是恰当解题的必要条件，而恰当解题又是对题目进行正确分析推理的必然结果。这部分中过渡词是考查的重点，一方面它们能推动情节发展，提示或暗示文章的内在联系，另一方面抓住关键语言信息的词语，确定合理的过渡词对于解题质量都是至关重要的。,过渡词是指用以使上下文连贯的连词，副词或介词词组， 常常暗示了作者的思路方向，有利于判断句子之间的逻辑关系。,并列关系 and , while,因果关系 so, thus, for, because, since, as,转折关系 but, however, though, nevertheless, on the contrary.,顺序关系 before, after, first, then, finally,让步关系 although, despite,条件关系 if, provided, in case of,解释关系 that is to say, in another word,I. 利用过渡词理解文章,transitional words,Homework will always be homework, but the schools of the future will probably be 1what they are today. Real classrooms will always be2, but 3education will help people study 4they have time and 5they may be. The way we 6learning and knowledge is also7. Instead of being students only when we are, we will become life long learners.,wherever, popular, whenever, young, view, changing, distance, quite different, whatever, wherever, the same as, living, improving,Ex.6. Fill in the blanks with the words chosen from the box. Pay attention to some useful transitional words.,quite different from,popular,distance,whenever,wherever,view,changing,young,有些题目提供上下文要求选择过渡词，这时应该把着眼点放在对句子之间，甚至段落之间的逻辑关系的理解上, 才能有正确的判断。,eg. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. It is, however, possible to use models to make forecasts about future developments.,eg. Bend the persons leg so that he or she will not roll over.,II.正确使用过渡词,Logical analysis,1) We should put the person in recovery position. This is a way of placing a body _the airway is clear.,so that,2) _international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, _will sustainable development be possible.,Without,nor,3) I have written down everything that I saw and heard _memories are still fresh. You can pick out the important bits, _it is one thing to write a letter, a_ to write history.,while,for,nother,Ex. 7. Fill in the blanks with proper transitional words :,1） No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting.A. see B. look C. read D. watchA. tell B. speak C. talk D. point,上面是一段文章的开头， 开篇第三句就用了but, 由此可以推断后面的内容和人类可以认识，掌握天气现象有关，这样就不难选出空缺的词了。,Have another try!,Ex.8. Choose the best answers.,Explanation:,But,2） I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 38 have scored more than 80. 39 , when anything went wrong with my car, I hurried to him and he always 40 it. (NMET 2002)38. A. always B. possibly C. certainly D. frequently39. A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet40. A. fixed B. checked C. drove D. changed,上面的例子中首先要判断出整句话的转折关系，选出填过渡词，再以此为基础填上下两空。,Explanation:,3）The native people said they 38 (knew of ) this creature and called it the “Yeti”, and they said that they had 39 caught Yetis on two occasions 40 none has ever been produced. (NMET 2001)39. A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably40. A. as B. though C. when D. until,Explanation:,39空前的两个分句存在着递进的关系， 而该句又和后面的分句存在转折关系，据此可以判断答案。,1. Two years have passed, my life has not yet ended. On the contrary, I now feel as if that was when my life b_. The cancer in my body has been d_ for the moment, _I know that I will never be completed free from it. It can come back at any time _the struggle will never end. I now think of my cancer as a g_. It taught me an important lesson about l_.,1,2,3,4,5,6,本题中，began 和ended，defeated 和be free from 相对应，第五空 考查篇章意识，最后一空life和首句呼应，另外还考查了连词but, and 的使用。,EX.9. Fill in the blanks with proper words. Pay attention to the context and logical clues.,egan,efeated,but,and,ift,ife,Explanation:,INTEGRATING SKILLS,2. For children like Xiaohua there is l_ hope. The drugs that are available are much too expensive. Xiaohua knows that she will die b_ she has a chance to grow old, but she does not let that knowledge d_ her. I_, she has decided to use the l_ time she has left to tell others about her disease and encourage people to learn how to protect themselves.,2,3,4,5,本题侧重逻辑推理能力，因为药很贵，所以希望很小；第三句的转折对填写该句中空缺的单词有提示作用；而通过最后一句我们可以推断出连词instead, 最后一空则需要结合语法及上文推断。,1,ittle,efore,iscourage,nstead,imited,Explanation:,1. Anna Douglas uses her _ ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands why problems begin.A. thinking B. working C. writing D. leading2. After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and collected some hair and measured footprints about 20 inches appears to be the length of the animals _!A. foot B. leg C. body D. head3. Alex feels the neighborhood watch groups _ a lot in keeping crime down. Her husband Jim agrees, “Police are good people, but they cant do everything”.A. produce B. find C. get D. help,More practice,4. Sometimes, when you need rain, you dont get any. Other times, you get rain when you dont want it. Take a baseball game for example. A sudden rainstorm can stop an exciting game, forcing the players and the 20,000 persons watching the game to run for _. A. cover B. umbrella C. building D. home5. Most graduates from our university can expect to be treated coldly. Last year, a _ from our university attended a talent fair(人才市场)in Guangzhou. He joined a queue to hand in his recommendation form for an interview.A. teacher B. graduate C. parent D. professor6. Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of Mount Everest.Over the years, the story of the Yetis has _ . In 1951, Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest.A. developed B. changed C. occurred D. continued,7. This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City. _ this day was to be different.A. And B. So C. But D. so8. The head of an ant is triangular, with two different eyes and some times three more very small eyes, which are made up of many parts, _ the ant can see everything that moves around it.A. yet B. or C. also D. so9. For the sad of the week, we wondered what would happen. The following Sunday, we stayed at home_ it was a fine day.A. while B. because C. even though D. as if10. So the cells in the shaded side of the stem begin to make axons, which make that side of the stem grow fast while the side of the stem _ the sun grows much slower.A. near B. toward C. against D. in,11. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and ran after them. _, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great speed and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. as12. When the tank(油箱)was full, Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man. “Hands up_ get out!”A. or B. and C. but D. to13. We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago and I decided to buy a car because we had sold _ we had in England before leaving.A. the one B. it C. that D. which,14. “Its important to know something about your grandchildrens world,” says Mrs. Douglas. “That means questioning and listening, and _ is not what old people do best. A. listening B. speaking C. pleasing D. advising15. Most students take jobs in the summer for abou