rural electrification using solar photovoltaic technology 农村电气化用太阳能光伏发电技术

Implementation strategies and models for rural electrification using renewable energy technologies,Akanksha ChaureyTERI,August 27th 2003,let us examine.,is rural electrification an attractive business propositionif, yes, are there successful models for doing business generally No , in specific cases Yes,generally No , in specific cases Yes,Either demand is not thereor supply options are not viable,Supply options match the demand,Grid, grid based,Distributed generation technologiesAlternate delivery schemes,Models where supply services have matched the developmental requirements,Micro-privatizationDistributed generation localized networkvillage committee,E agent/ ESU/ E enterpriseAlternate delivery schemeMember of local committeeNGO/CBO,Micro-privatizationlocalized network,Maximizing the local content on the demand sideInnovative business approaches on the supply sideCombination of subsidies and micro-credit for financial sustainabilityInstitutional strengthening by setting up appropriate linkagesCapacity building and enhancement,Project design and boundaries,WBREDA/OREDA technical consultant EPC contractor,Operation and maintenance contractor,Responsible for,Setting up of power plant,Sub-contract,Trouble free operation of the power plant,Generation of electricity,Responsible for,Accountable for,Linked through power purchase agreement,Village committee,Local enterprise,Laying of distribution network maintaining the network evacuation & distribution of electricity availability of energy efficient and end-user appliance,Individual consumer accountability control of theft of electricity consumer complaint redress,Responsible for,Responsible for,Accountable for,Accountable for,Sale of electricity & revenue collection,Linked through power purchase agreement,Energy agent/ Energy service unit (ESU)/ Energy enterprise,energy service for the people, by the peopleESN establishment and umbrella brandDecentralization of access to technologyCustomization of technology -local needsFacilitating access to creditCapacity building of stakeholdersRepair and maintenance infrastructure,SHGs,Facilitate rural credit,Supply of panels,ESN,Service RETs,Promote RETs,Market RETs,Entrepreneurs,Manufacturers,NGOs,TERI,Dealers,Sub-dealers/ Retailers,Customers,Rural Banks,Supply of batteries, CCUs & luminaires,Small-scale RETs Ideal for isolated and vulnerable communities,Facilitates Minimum electricity needs Dispersed productive activitiesIncreased demand for electricity in the regionInadequate forProductive activities requiring motive power,Off-grid village-scale DG (or minigrid)Ideal for a larger village or a cluster of villages,Facilitates Greater community welfare (health, education, telecom, etc.)Rural industryBut is still constrained by Lack of innovative financingLimited power supply, particularly with RET-based schemes Unresolved regulatory issues and market penetration barriers,Network of DG schemes connected to a localized or main gridIdeal for villages in a region,Facilitates A market orientation for rural electricity provision, with adequate regulationDiversification and grow