牛津英语高一模块1教案全套

牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲）【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一UNIT1（上）二、教学要求1掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会描述校园生活和学校设施。HIGHSCHOOLISATIMEOFDISCOVERY,LEARNINGANDHARDWORK高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期HUGECAMPUSANDLOWRISEBUILDING学校面积大，没有高层建筑。TWELVELABORATORIESAREAVAILABLEFORDIFFERENTEXPERIMENTS12个实验室可供不同试验使用。EACHROOMCOMESWITHITSOWNBOTHROOMANDINTERNETACCESS每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。3学习阅读技巧SKIMMING例如EXCITINGNEWS,SLEEPINGDOG过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到的”、“被的”,例如ANEXCITEDCROWDOFPEOPLE,BROKENHEART3IWASVERYHAPPYWITHTHESCHOOLHOURSINBRITAINBECAUSESCHOOLSTARTSAROUND9AMANDENDSABOUT330PM我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9点开始上课，下午3点半左右放学。BEHAPPYWITHBEPLEASEDWITH,AROUNDABOUT。4THISMEANSICOULDGETUPANHOURLATERTHANUSUALASSCHOOLSINCHINABEGINBEFORE8AM这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校8点钟上课。ASADV同样地,被看作,象PREP当做CONJ与一样,当之时,象,因为本单元多次出现AS,用法各不相同,应注意比较。另外AS还可以构成一些常用词组ASIF就好像,ASFARAS就而言,SOASTO以便于,ASFOR至于,SUCHAS例如，等等。MEAN意味着,后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如THEATTACKOFPEARHARBORMEANTADECLARATIONOFWARWITHTHEUNITEDSTATESTHERAISEOFSALARYMEANSTHATICANSENDMYDAUGHTERTOABETTERSCHOOL5HEALSOTOLDUSTHATTHEBESTWAYTOEARNRESPECTFROMTHESCHOOLWASTOWORKHARDANDACHIEVEHIGHGRADES他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。THEBESTWAYTODOSTHISTO结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是,例如THEBESTWAYTOLEARNENGLISHISTOUSEITASOFTENASPOSSIBLE6IFOUNDTHEHOMEWORKWASNOTASHEAVYASWHATIUSEDTOGETINMYOLDSCHOOL,BUTITWASABITCHALLENGINGFORMEATFIRSTBECAUSEALLTHEHOMEWORKWASINENGLISH我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。ASAS,中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分,请比较下面两句话YOUHATEHIMASMUCHASIYOUHATEHIMASMUCHASIHATEHIMYOUHATEHIMASMUCHASMEYOUHATEHIMASMUCHASYOUHATEMEUSEDTO过去常常,隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如SHEUSEDTOSTUDYVERYHARDSHEDOESNOTSTUDYSOHARDANYMOREUSEDTO的否定形式是USEDNTTO/DIDNTUSETO注意BEUSEDTOSTH/DOING表示习惯于7COOKINGWASREALLYFUNASILEARNTHOWTOBUY,PREPAREANDCOOKFOOD当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。FUN是名词,有趣的事情,副词REALLY并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的BE动词WAS试比较HEISREALLYAFUNNYGUY和HEISAREALLYFUNNYGUY这两句意思虽然相同,但REALLY修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。8IDOLIKEEATINGDESSERTSAFTERMEALSASYOUMENTIONEDINYOURARTICLE就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。DO、DID在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。9UPONFINISHINGHISSTUDIES,HESTARTEDTRAVELLINGINCHINA完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。介词UPON/ON加DOING相当于带ASSOONAS的时间状语从句。UPONFINISHINGHISSTUDYASSOONASHEFINISHEDHISSTUDY10FORMERSTUDENTRETURNFROMCHINA一位校友重中国归来FORMER,PAST,OLD虽然都和过去有关，但侧重点不同。FORMER“过去曾经是的、前任”,PAST“过去的”OLD“老的、从前的”。例如FORMERPRESIDENT前总统，PASTEXPERIENCE以往的经验，MYOLDSCHOOL我的母校。11EARN,ACHIEVE和GAIN这三个单词的基本意思都是“GET”但含义不尽相同,EARNGETASTHEREWARDOFWORK（挣，得到作为工作的回报）,ACHIEVEGETWHATYOUWANTBYEFFORT成就,通过努力达到某个目标,GAIN和“GET”的用法最接近，它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配EARNMONEY/ALIVING/ONESRESPECT/ONESBREAD,ACHIEVEAGAOL/SUCCESS/PURPOSE/HIGHGRADE,GAINEXPERIENCE/WEIGHT/ANADVANTAGEOVER/TIME/THEUPPERHAND占上风/GROUND取得进步【语法】定语从句1用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如金发女孩可译作ABLONDEGIRL，AGIRLWITHBLONDEHAIR或AGIRLWHOHASBLONDEHAIR。定语从句通常由关系代词THAT/WHICH/WHO/WHOM/WHICH/AS或关系副词WHEN/WHERE/WHY引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句1TOMISTHEONLYPERSONWHOCANKEEPACOOLHEADINTIMEOFCRISISWHO指代主句中的先行词PERSON,在从句中作主语2TOMISTHEONLYFRIENDWHOM或WHOICANRELYON指代FRIEND，在从句中作宾语,所以常用代词WHO的宾格形式3CHINAISNOLONGERTHEWEAKNATIONTHATSHEUSEDTOBE关系代词THAT指代WEAKNATION，在从句中作表语4THESCHOOLWHOSEFLOORSPACEISVERYLIMITEDCANTTAKEINONEMORESTUDENT关系代词WHOSE指代THESCHOOLS，从句中作FLOORSPACE的定语5ILIKETOGOTOTHEGYMWHEREICANHAVEAWORKOUTAFTERSITTIONGFORADAY关系副词WHERE指代主句中的地点状语GYM在从句中作状语【阅读技巧】SKIMMING下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是BEACH，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词THAT来指代。2BESIDES,IMIGHTBEREADINGTHEBOOKSINYOURFATHERSBOOKCASESINSTEAD除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。SHEWILLBEREADINGNEWSPAPERSANDMAGAZINESINSTEADOFDOINGHERHOMEWORK她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。“MIGHTBEREADING”，“WILLBEREADING”属于“情态动词BEDOING”的结构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如ISHALLBELYINGINBEDANDWATCHINGMYFVOURITEFOOTBALLGAMEBYTHETIMEHEFINISHESHISHOMEWORK等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“INSTEAD，INSTEADOF”都表示“代替，而不是”“INSTEAD”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思，“INSTEADOF”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如1）WEDIDNTGOHOMEAFTERSCHOOLWEWENTTOANETCAFINSTEADINSTEADOFGOINGHOMEAFTERSCHOOL,WEWENTTOANETCAF2STUDENTSINUKDONTHAVELOTSOFHOMEWORKTHEYHAVEMANYSCHOOLACTIVITIESSTUDENTSINUKHAVEMANYSCHOOLACTIVITIESINSTEADOFHOMEWORK3APROGRAMMEISAPLANOFACTIVITIESTOBEDONEORTHINGSTOBEACHIEVED规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。4THEMORECHOICESYOUHAVE,THEBETTERYOURFINALDECISIONSWILLBE相当于IFYOUHAVEMORECHOICE条件状语从句为一般现在时,YOUWILLMAKEBETTERDECISION（主句用将来时）你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。“THE比较级（ADJ/ADV）或含比较级的词组，THE另一个比较级（ADJ/ADV）或含比较级的词组”,表示“越就越”。5YOURTEACHERHASRECEIVEDANEMAILFROMAFRIENDASKINGHERABOUTAHISTORYBOOKFROMYOURSCHOOLLIBRARY你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语EMAIL的内容。6ISBNINTERNATIONALSTANDARDBOOKNUMBER国际标准图书编号ISSN（INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSERIALNUMBER）国际标准期刊编号7MAKE常见的动宾搭配MAKETEA/COFFEE沏茶、冲咖啡,MAKEFRIENDS交朋友,MAKEMISTAKES犯错误,MAKETROUBLE惹麻烦,MAKEASUGGESTION提建议,MAKEAFIRE生火,MAKEFACES做鬼脸,MAKEADECISION做决定,MAKECOMPARASIONS作比较,MAKEALIVING谋生,MAKEMONEY挣钱,MAKEAREQUEST提要求,MAKEANAPPLICATION申请。【写作】通知和海报通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。例一布告形式的通知通常此类通知上方正中写NOTICE或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如NOTICEALLMUMBERSOFTHESTUDENTSUNIONAREREQUESTEDTOMEETINTHESCHOOLCONFERENCEROOMONSATURDAY,SEPT18TH,AT200PMTODISCUSSQUESTIONSOFINTERNATIONALCULTUREEXCHANGESWITHNEWZEALANDHIGHSCHOOLBANDSEPT14,2005海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考MAKEAPOSTEREXPLAININGASAFETYRULEITSHOULDGIVEUSAGOODSTAYALERTMESSAGEIFYOURPOSTERWINSYOUWILLRECEIVEASASSTSHIRTANDITWILLAPPEARINTHESASSGALLERYMAILYOUPOSTERTOSTAYALERTSTAYSAFEPOBOX93006,499MAINSTSBRAMPTON,ONTARIOL6Y1N0【语法】定语从句21定语从句中关系代词THAT、WHICH用来指代物，WHO、WHOM和THAT用来指代人，WHOSE用来表示所属关系，关系副词WHEN、WHERE和WHY指代时间、地点和原因。2关系代词的用法1如果先行词是ALL,MUCH,ANYTHING,SOMETHING,NOTHING,EVERYTHING,LITTLE,NONE等不定代词，关系代词一般只用THAT，不用WHICH。例如ALLTHATIHAVEISMYLOVEFORTHISLANDTHEREISNTMUCHTHATWECANDOTOEASEHISPAIN2如果先行词被形容词最高级以及FIRST,LAST,ANY,ONLY,FEW,MUCH,NO,SOME,VERY等词修饰，关系代词常用THAT,不用WHICH。例如THELASTPERSONTHATWEWANTTOINVITETOOURHOUSEISUNCLESAMNONATIONTHATISCAPABLEOFSUCHATROCITYCANBETRUSTEDBYITSNEIGHBOURS3非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词THAT,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如THEREAREABOUTSEVENMILLIONPEOPLETAKINGPARTINTHEELECTION,MOSTOFWHOMAREWELLEDUCATED4WHICH还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，WHICH可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与ANDTHIS相似。例如SHEFAILEDINHERATTEMPTTOCATCHTHEPRINCESATTENTION,WHICHWASAGREATDISAPPOINTMENTTOHERMOTHER5如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用WHICH若是指集体中的各个成员，则用WHO。6先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用THAT。例如THEBOYANDTHEDOGTHATAREINTHEPICTUREAREVERYLOVELY7如果先行词是ANYONE,ANYBODY,EVERYONE,EVERYBODY,SOMEONE,SOMEBODY,关系代词应该用WHO或WHOM，不用WHICH。例如ISTHEREANYONEHEREWHOWILLGOWITHYOU8关系代词THAT/WHICH/WHO/WHOM在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如THEGIRLWHOMYOUJUSTSAWISTHECHEERLEADEROFOURFOOTBALLCLUBEVERYMOMENTTHATWESPENTINTHEUKWILLBEAPRECIOUSMEMORYFORUSAS在定语从句中的用法一引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）AS多与SUCH或THESAME连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（）AS也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于WHICH。例如THEELEPHANTSNOSEISLIKEASNAKE,ASANYBODYCANSEE二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词WHEN在从句中充当时间状语，WHERE充当地点状语，WHY充当原因状语。例如WESHALLALWAYSREMEMBERTHEDAYWHENJAPANSURRENDEREDTOTHEALLYFORCETHISISONEOFTHEFEWPLACESWHEREYOUCANBUYTOPQUALITYWINE2THAT有时也可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因THAT有时可以代替关系副词WHEN,WHERE或者WHY引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，这种定语从句中的THAT也可以省去。例如THATISTHETIMETHATHEARRIVESTHATISTHEREASONTHATHECAME【同步练习】一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1HISPARENTSWOULDNTLETHIMPLAYWITHANYONE_SCORESWASPOORAOFWHOMBWHOMCOFWHOSEDWHOSE2SHEHEARDATERRIBLENOISE,_BROUGHTHERHEARTINTOHERMOUTHAITBWHICHCTHISDTHAT3INTHEDARKSTREET,THEREWASNTASINGLEPERSON_SHECOULDGETHELPATHATBWHOCFROMWHOMDTOWHOM4THEDAY_HECHOSEFORHISSONWEDDINGWASALUCKYDAYINTHELUNARCALENDARAWHENBWHERECTHATDWHO5AFTERLIVINGINPAIRSFORFIFTYYEARSHERETURNEDTOTHESMALLTOWN_HEGREWUPASACHILDAWHICHBWHERECTHATDWHEN6THISMONUMENTISALL_REMAINSOFTHEANCIENTKINGDOMAITBTHATCWHENDWHICH7HEMENTIONEDABOOKTHETILEOF_ICANTREMEMBERNOWAWHOBWHICHCTHISDWHAT8RECENTLYIBOUGHTANANCIENTCHINESEVASE,_WASVERYREASONABLEAWHICHPRICECTHEPRICEOFWHICHCITSPRICEDTHEPRICEOFWHOSE9_HASALREADYBEENPOINTEDOUT,GRAMMARISNOTASETOFDEADRULESAASBITCTHATDWHICH10HELIVEDINLONDONFOR3MONTHS,DURING_TIMEHELEARNEDSOMEENGLISHATHISBWHICHCTHATDSAME11ONTHEWALLHANGSAPICTURE,_COLORISBLUEAWHOSEBOFWHICHCWHICHDITS12ISTILLREMEMBERTHETIME_IFIRSTBECAMEACOLLEGESTUDENTAWHATBWHICHCTHATDWHEN13MRFORDSTILLTALKSLIKETHEMAN_HEWASTENYEARSAGOATHATBWHERECWHICHDTHERE14THEBOSS_DEPARTMENTMSKINGWORKEDTENYEARSAGOLOOKEDDOWNUPONWOMENAINWHICHBINTHATCINWHOSEDWHOSE15IDONTLIKE_YOUSPEAKTOHERATHEWAYBTHEWAYINTHATCTHEWAYWHICHDTHEWAYOFWHICH16IHADNEITHERARAINCOATNORANUMBRELLA_IGOTWETTHROUGHAITSTHEREASONBTHATSWHYCTHERESWHYDITSHOW17HEMADEANOTHERWONDERFULDISCOVERY,_OFGREATIMPORTANCETOSCIENCEAWHICHITHINKISBWHICHITHINKITISCWHICHITHINKITDITHINKWHICHIS18THEREISONLYONEDISHONTHETABLE_IWANTTOEATAWHOBTHATCWHATDWHCIH参考答案一、15DBCCB610BBCAB1115ADACA1618BAB牛津高中英语模块一（第3讲）【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一UNIT2（上）二、教学要求1学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题。2学会戏剧脚本。3了解英语口语和书面语的差别。4语法定语从句（三）【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词ACTN,SCENE,CURTAIN,TRASH,GARBAGE,CHARGE,ADULT,BEHAVIOR,TEENAGER,PUNISH,PERIOD,ARGUMENT,RELATIONSHIP,FORCE,UNPLEASANT,CHARACTER,EXPLAIN,SLAM,VETVETERINARIAN,STYLE,MESS,THUMB,VSVERSUS,PLUS,COMPETITION,SINK,FAULT,BORING二、重点词组COMMONTO对来说很普遍,TURNUP调高声音,出现AWASTEOF浪费,NOMORE不再,SPARETIME空余时间,FORCETO强迫（某人）做,CANTWAITTO迫不及待地要,BESUPPOSEDTO被期望或要求,本应该，DOWITH处置,忍受，需要BEAMESS/INAMESS乱成一团,LEAVESBINCHARGE委托负责,ACTLIKE行为举止象,GOUNPUNISHED不受惩罚,GOOUT熄灭,HAVEONESARMCROSSED双臂交叉抱在胸前,DESERVETO值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配”BEHARDON对某人苛刻,NOWTHAT既然,INTHEFORMOF以的形式,THANEVERBEFORE比以前任何时候都,BEANGRYAT对某事生气,EVENIF即使,TREATSBLIKE象一样对待,ARGUEABOUT为而争吵,THECAUSEOF起因,DIFFERINMANYWAYS在许多方面不同,FITBADLY非常不合身。【难点讲解】1ERICRUNSINAFTERIT,FOLLOWEDBYABIGDOG,WALKINGVERYSLOWLY埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语过去分词短语“FOLLOWEDBYABIGDOG”是谓语“RUNSIN”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“WALKINGVERYSLOWLY”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词“FOLLOW”的状语。伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如HERANAFTERTHETHIEF,SHOUTINGANGRILYSHESATNERVOUSLYINTHEGRANDSITTINGROOM,WATCHEDCLOSELYBYTHEBUTLERTHESOLDIERSSTOODSILENTLYALONGTHEPASS,RIFLESINHAND2YOUWERENTSUPPOSEDTOCOMEHOMEUNTILTOMORROW你们应该明天才回家的。BESUPPOSEDTODOSTH被期望或要求去做,本应该去做。例如YOUARESUPPOSEDTOHANDINYOURARTICLESTHISFRIDAYGIRLSARESUPPOSEDTOBEHAVEMOREQUIETLYINTHISCOUNTRY在肯定句中UNTIL必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。UNTIL还可以用在强调句中。NOTUNTIL放在句首时，句子要倒装。例如HESLEPTUNTIL8OCLOCKHEDIDNTWAKEUPTILLE8OCLOCKITWASNOTUNTIL8O”CLOCKTHATHEWOKEUPNOTUNTIL8OCLOCKDIDHEWAKEUPIWONTBEFREETILLFRIDAY3THEMONEYWITHWHICHYOUWERETOBUYDOGFOODISGONE,BUTSPOTLOOKSSOHUNGRY本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。“WITHWHICHYOUWERETOBUYDOGFOOD”是定语从句,当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。例如THEVILLAGEWEUSEDTOLIVEINTHEVILLAGEINWHICHWEUSEDTOLIVE主语BE动词不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如WEARETOHOLDUPTHEENEMYWHILEOURTROUPSRETREATTHEPRESIDENTIALCANDIDATEISTOMAKEASPEECHINOURTOWNONHISWAYTOWASHINGTON4WETHOUGHTYOUWEREANADULT,APERSONFROMWHOMWECOULDEXPECTGOODDECISIONS我们原以为你是个成年人，一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。划线部分是“ANADULT”的同位语，它和“ANADULT”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是对“ANADULT”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句FROMWHOMWECOULDEXPECTGOODDECISIONS。EXPECTSTHFROMSB期望从某人那里得到或看到某事，例如YOUCANNEVEREXPECTGENEROSITYFROMAMISER5THISISNOTAFAMILYWHEREBADBEHAVIORGOESUNPUNISHED我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。根据上文，THIS是指OURFAMILY。动词GO后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如GOBAD（变质）,GODRY（变干）,GOMAD（发疯）,GOINTERNATIONAL（国际化）。GO和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受的,未被的”,如GOUNCHALLENGED,GOUNNOTICEDHISTHEORYHASGONEUNCHALLENGEDINTHEWORLDFORHALFACENTURYITSSTRANGETHATSUCHAMISTAKECANGOUNNOTICEDINTHETEXTBOOK6IFTHEYKNEWTHATSPOTWASILLANDWEUSEDTHEMONEYTOTAKEHIMTOTHEVET假如他们知道SPOT得了病,而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话这句话用的是虚拟语气,省略的部分是THEYWOULDUNDERSTANDWHYTHEMONEYISGONEANDTHEHOUSEISAMESS当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时，主句用过去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如IFIWEREYOU,ISHOULDWAITTILLNEXTWEEKISHESAWYOUNOW,SHEWOULDNTRECOGNIZEYOU7NONEOFUSSTOPPEDTOTHINKANDWESHOULDHAVE我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。STOPTODO表示停下来去做另一件事，STOPDOING则表示停止正在做的事情。SHOULDHAVE也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是WESHOULDHAVESTOPPEDTOTHINK,BUTNONEOFUSDID8CANYOUEXPLAINTOMENOWWHYTHEHOUSEWASAMESSANDWHATYOUDIDWITHTHECASHWELEFT你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗BEINAMESS表示“乱成一团”；DOWITH表示“处理、处置”常和WHAT连用，它和DEALWITH不同，DEALWITH表示“处理、应付”WELEFT虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从句，它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词THAT或WHICH。【语法】定语从句3一、“介词关系代词”结构1“介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是IN,ON,ABOUT,FROM,FOR,WITH,TOAT,OF,WITHOUT等，关系代词只可用WHOM或WHICH,不可用THAT。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换，例如THISISAFREECOUNTRYWHEREEVERYONEENJOYSFREEDOMOFSPEECHTHISISAFREECOUNTRYINWHICHEVERYONEENJOYSFREEDOMOFSPEECH2FROMWHERE为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如WESTOODATTHETOPOFTHEHILL,FROMWHEREWECANSEETHETOWN3像LISTENTO,LOOKAT,DEPENDON,PAYATTENTIONTO,TAKECAREOF等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如THISISTHEBOYWHOMSHEHASTAKENCAREOF二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有THAT,这时的THAT既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如WHENLAURAWASBORN,BETTIEDECIDEDHERDAUGHTERWOULDBETHESINGERTHATSHEALWAYSWANTEDTOBEMRLEESTILLTALKSLIKETHEMANTHATHEWASTENYEARSAGO三、关系代词AS和WHICH作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但由AS引导的定语从句可以前置。例如HESAWTHEGIRL,AS/WHICHHEHOPEDHEWOULDASHEHOPEDHEWOULD,HESAWTHEGIRLAS还可用于THESAMEAS,SUCHAS,ASAS等结构中。例如SUCHOPINIONSASHEHOLDSSOUNDSTRANGETOORDINARYPEOPLEWEAREFACINGTHESAMEPROBLEMASWEDIDYEARSAGO【英语俗语】英语俗语,也和其他语言一样,有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如TOFOLLOWYOURNOSE是指“一直走“。另外还有TOPLAYBYEAR，意思是看着办。其他还有用HAND和FOOT这些字组成的习惯用语。这里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是LEG这个字组成的习惯用语TOPULLONESLEG。TOPULLONESLEG初看起来好像和中文里的“拉后腿“的意思差不多。但是，千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。TOPULLONESLEG的真正意思是逗别人，开别人玩笑的意思。有时候，有的朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们，后来才发现他是在开玩笑。例如，一个大学生上了同学的当，事后他说例句3“MYROOMMATESAIDTHISGIRLHADTOLDHIMSHEWOULDNTMINDGOINGOUTWITHMEBUTWHENIINVITEDHERTOAMOVIE,ILEARNEDHEWASJUSTPULLINGMYLEG“这个大学生说“我的同房间同学说，那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的玩笑。“要是这个大学生聪明一点的话,他当时就可以对他的同学说例句4“HEY,STOPPULLINGMYLEG,WILLYOUIDONTBELIEVETHATGIRLREALLYSAIDSHELIKESMEANDWOULDLIKEMETOTAKEHEROUT“这句话的意思是“喂，你别逗我行不行我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我，还要我邀她出去玩。“和LEG这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法,那就是BREAKALEG从字面上来看，BREAKALEG难道是断了一条腿或是倒霉不是，BREAKALEG的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去参加高考，你就可以对他说BREAKALEGHAVEGREENFINGERS很会种花种菜GREENTHUMB就是指那些很会种花种菜的人ALLTHUMBS手脚很笨的人JUMPINANDGETYOURFEETWET到实践中去学AKETTLECALLTHEPOTBLACK五十步笑百步AWETBLANKET扫兴的人或事【同步练习】一、根据上下文用适当的词填空WORDSANDTHEIRSTORIESBIRDSBYJILLMOSSTODAYWEWILL1_解释SOMEEXPRESSIONSABOUTBIRDSFOREXAMPLE,IFSOMETHINGIS“FORTHEBIRDS“,ITIS2_无价值ORNOTVERYINTERESTINGSOMEONEWHOEATSLIKEABIRDEATSVERYLITTLEAND“ABIRDSEYEVIEW“ISA3_总体的LOOKATANAREAFROMABOVEDIDYOUKNOWTHATIFYOUTELLAYOUNGPERSONABOUT“THEBIRDSANDBEES“,YOUAREEXPLAININGABOUTSEXANDBIRTHHAVEYOUEVER4_观察THAT“BIRDSOFAFEATHERFLOCKTOGETHER“INOTHERWORDS,PEOPLEWHOARESIMILARBECOMEFRIENDSORDOTHINGSTOGETHERTHEREISSOMEGOODADVICE“ABIRDINAHANDISWORTHTWOINABUSH“THISMEANSYOUSHOULDNOTRISK5_失去SOMETHINGYOUHAVEBYTRYINGTOGETMOREOFSOMETHINGYOUDONOTHAVESOMETIMES,ICANDOTWOTHINGSBYPERFORMINGONLYONE6_动作THISISCALLED“KILLINGTWOBIRDSWITHONESTONE“BUTIWOULDNEVERREALLYKILLANYBIRDSILOVEALLKINDSANIMALSTHISIS“AREALFEATHERINMYCAP“ITISSOMETHINGTOBE7_骄傲OFMOSTOFTHEPEOPLEIWORKWITHARE“EARLYBIRDS“THEYBELIEVETHAT“THEEARLYBIRDCATCHESTHEWORM“THEYTHINKTHATAPERSON8_GETSUPEARLYINTHEMORNINGFORWORKHASTHEBESTCHANCEOF9_成功EVERYONEINMYOFFICEWORKSHARDBUTSOMEPEOPLEHAVE“HADTHEIRWINGSCLIPPED“THEIRJOBSHAVEBEENLIMITEDTHISISBECAUSETHEOFFICEISORGANIZEDBYPACKINGORDERPEOPLEWITHMOREYEARSAND10_经验AREGIVENMORE11_责任SOMEBIRDSEXPRESSIONSAREABOUTCROWS,CHICKENSANDDUCKSFOREXAMPLE,WHENIAMDRIVINGIALWAYSTRAVEL“ASTHECROWFLIES“IGOTHEMOST（12）_直接WAYANYONEWHO“EATSCROW“HASTOADMITAMISTAKEORDEFEATNOWLETSTALKABOUTMYSISTERSHEISNOTVERYYOUNGSHEIS“NOSPRINGOFCHICKEN“SHEWILLWORKANYJOBFOR“CHICKENFEED“,ASMALL13_（数量）OFMONEYSHEISEASILYFRIGHTENE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