外文翻译--数控机床改造.doc -- 5 元

TheNumericalControlEngineBedTransformsHarveyB.MackeyFirstnumericalcontrolsystemdevelopmentsummarybriefhistoryandtendencyIn1946thefirstelectronicaccountingmachinewasbornintheworld,thisindicatedthehumanitycreatedhasbeenpossibletostrengthenandpartiallytoreplacethementallaborthetool.Itwiththehumanitythesewhichintheagriculture,theindustrysocietycreatedonlyisstrengthensthephysicallaborthetooltocompare,gotupthequantitiveleap,enteredtheinformationsocietyforthehumanitytolaythefoundation.After6years,in1952,computertechnologyappliedtotheenginebed,thefirstnumericalcontrolenginebedwereborninUS.Fromthistimeon,thetraditionalenginebedhashadthearcherytargetchange.Sincenearlyhalfcentury,thenumericalcontrolsystemhasexperiencedtwostagesandsixgenerationofdevelopment.1.1NumericalcontrolNCstage19521970Theearlycomputeroperatingspeedislow,wasnotbigtothensciencecomputationandthedataprocessinginfluence,butcouldnotadapttheenginebedrealtimecontrolrequest.Thepeoplecannotbutusenumerallogiccircuittobuildtobecomeanenginebedspecialpurposecomputertotakethenumericalcontrolsystem,iscalledthehardwareconnectionnumericalcontrolHARDWIREDNC,JianChengweinumericalcontrolNC.Alongwiththeprimarydevicedevelopment,thisstagehashadbeenthroughrepeatedlythreegenerations,namely1952firstgenerationofelectrontube1959secondgenerationoftransistor1965thirdgenerationsmallscaleintegrationelectriccircuit.1.2ComputernumericalcontrolCNCstagein1970presentIn1970,thegeneralminicomputeralreadyappearedandthemassproduction.Thereupontransplantsittakesthenumericalcontrolsystemthecorepart,fromthistimeonenteredthecomputernumericalcontrolCNCthestagewhichshouldhavecomputerinfrontofthegeneraltwocharacterstoabbreviate.In1971,AmericanINTELCorporationintheworldfirsttimethecomputertwomostcorespartlogicunitsandthecontroller,usedthelargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologyintegrationontogetherthechip,calleditthemicroprocessorMICROPROCESSOR,alsomightbecalledthecentralprocessingelementtobecalledCPU.Themicroprocessorisappliedto1974inthenumericalcontrolsystem.Thisisbecauseminicomputerfunctiontoostrong,controlledanenginebedabilitytohavewealthilythereforeonceusesincontrollingthemultiTaiwanenginebedatthattime,calleditgroupcontrol,wasinferiortousedthemicroprocessoreconomytobereasonable.Moreoverthensmallmachinereliabilitywasnotideal.Theearlymicroprocessorspeedandthefunctionalthoughinsufficientlyarealsohigh,butmaysolvethroughthemultiprocessorstructure.Becausethemicroprocessoristhegeneralpurposecalculatorcorepart,thereforestillwascalledthecomputernumericalcontrol.In1990,PCmachinepersonalcomputer,domesticcustomhadcalledmicrocomputertheperformancehasdevelopedtotheveryhighstage,maysatisfiedlytakethenumericalcontrolsystemcoreparttherequest.ThenumericalcontrolsystemhenceforthenteredbasedonthePCstage.Inbrief,thecomputernumericalcontrolstagehasalsoexperiencedthreegenerations.Namely1970fourthgenerationofminicomputer1974fivedynastiesmicroprocessorand1990sixthgenerationoverseaswascalledPCBASEDbasedonPC.Alsomustpointout,althoughoverseasalreadyrenamedasthecomputernumericalcontrolnamelyCNC.Alsomustpointout,althoughoverseasalreadyrenamedasthecomputernumericalcontrolnamelyCNC,butourcountrystillthecustomcalledthenumericalcontrolNC.Thereforewedailysaynumericalcontrol,themateriallyalreadywasreferstocomputernumericalcontrol.1.3thenumericalcontrolfuturewilldeveloptendency1.3.1openstylecontinuesto,todevelopbasedonthePCsixthgenerationofdirectionThesoftwareandhardwareresourceshaswhichbasedonPCarerichandsoonthecharacteristic,themorenumericalcontrolsserialproductionfactorycanstepontothispath.UsesPCmachinetotakeatleastitsfrontendmachine,processesthemanmachinecontactsurface,theprogramming,theassociationQuestionandsoonnetcorrespondence,undertakesthenumericalcontroldutybytheoriginalsystem.PCmachinehasthefriendlymanmachinecontactsurface,willpopularizetoallnumericalcontrolssystem.Thelongdistancecommunication,thelongdistancediagnosisandtheservicewillbemorecommon.1.3.2approachesandthehighaccuracydevelopmentThisisadaptstheenginebedtobehighspeedandthehighaccuracydirectionneedtodevelop.1.3.3developstotheintellectualizeddirectionAlongwiththeartificialintelligenceinthecomputerdomainunceasingseepageandthedevelopment,thenumericalcontrolsystemintellectualizeddegreeunceasinglywillenhance.1appliestheadaptivecontroltechnologyThenumericalcontrolsystemcanexamineintheprocesssomeimportantinformation,andtheautomaticcontrolsystemrelatedparameter,achievestheimprovementsystemrunningstatusthegoal.2introducestheexpertsysteminstructionprocessingTheskilledworkerandexpertsexperience,theprocessinggeneralruleandthespecialrulestoreinthesystem,takethecraftparameterdatabaseasthestrut,theestablishmenthastheartificialintelligencetheexpertsystem.3introducesthebreakdowntodiagnosetheexpertsystem4intellectualizednumeralservodriveMaythroughtheautomaticdiagnosisload,buttheautomaticcontrolparameter,causestheactuationsystemtoobtainthebestmovement.Second,enginebednumericalcontroltransformationnecessity2.1microscopiclooksatthetransformationthenecessityFromonmicroscopiclookedbelowthat,thenumericalcontrolenginebedhastheprominentsuperioritycomparedtothetraditionalenginebed,moreoverthesesuperioritycomefromthecomputermightwhichthenumericalcontrolsystemcontains.2.1.1mayprocessthetraditionalenginebedcannotprocessthecurve,thecurvedsurfaceandsoonthecomplexcomponents.Becausethecomputerhastheexcellentoperationability,maytheinstantaccuratelycalculateeachcoordinateaxisinstanttobesupposedthemovementphysiologicalloadofexercise,thereforemayturnroundthesynthesiscomplexcurveorthecurvedsurface.2.1.2mayrealizetheprocessingautomation,moreoveristheflexibleautomation,thustheefficiencymayenhance37timescomparedtothetraditionalenginebed.Becausethecomputerhasthememoryandthememoryproperty,maytheprocedurewhichinputsrememberandsave,thentheorderwhichstipulatedaccordingtotheprocedureautomaticcarriesout,thusrealizationautomation.Thenumericalcontrolenginebedsolongasreplacesaprocedure,mayrealizeanotherworkpieceprocessingautomation,thuscausesthesingleunitandthesmallbatchofproductioncanautomate,thereforeiscalledhasrealizedflexibleautomation.2.1.3processingscomponentsprecisionhigh,sizedispersiondegreesmall,makestheassemblytobeeasy,nolongerneedstomakerepairs.2.1.4mayrealizethemultiworkingprocedurescentralism,reducesthecomponentsinenginebedbetweenfrequenttransporting.2.1.5hasautoalarm,theautomaticmonitoring,automaticcompensationandsoonthemanykindsofautonomyfunction,thusmayrealizelongtimenobodytosafeguardtheprocessing.2.1.6advantagewhichderivesbyabovefive.ForexampleReducedworkerslaborintensity,savedthelaborforceapersontobepossibletosafeguardthemultiTaiwanenginebed,reducedtheworkclothes,reducedthenewproducttrialmanufacturingcycleandtheproductioncycle,mighttothemarketdemandmakerapidreactionandsoon.Abovethesesuperiorityarethepredecessorcannotimagine,isanextremelysignificantbreakthrough.Inaddition,theenginebednumericalcontrolcarriesoutFMCflexiblemanufactureunit,FMSflexiblemanufacturesystemaswellasCIMScomputerintegrationmanufacturesystemandsoontheenterprisebecominganinformationbasedsocietytransformationfoundation.Thenumericalcontroltechnologyalreadybecamethemanufacturingindustryautomationthecoretechnologyandthefoundationtechnology.2.2greatwatchesthetransformationthenecessityFromonmacroscopiclookedthat,theindustrydevelopedcountryarmedforces,theairplaneweaponindustry,intheendofthe70s,atthebeginningofthe80sstartedthelargescaleapplicationnumericalcontrolenginebed.Itsessenceis,usestheinformationtechnologytothetraditionalindustryincludingthearmedforces,airplaneweaponindustrycarriesonthetechnologicaltransformations.Exceptthatusesoutsidethenumericalcontrolenginebed,FMC,FMSinthemanufactureprocess,butalsoincludesintheproductdevelopmentcarriesoutCAD,CAE,CAM,thehypothesizedmanufactureaswellascarriesoutMISintheproductionmanagementmanagementinformationsystem,CIMSandsoon.Aswellasincreasestheinformationtechnologyinitsproductionproduct,includingartificialintelligenceandsooncontent.Becauseusestheinformationtechnologytothecountryforeigntroops,theairplaneweaponindustrycarriesonthethoroughtransformationtocallitbecominganinformationbasedsociety,finallycausesthemtheproductintheinternationalmilitarygoodsandinthegoodsforcivilianusemarketthecompetitivepowergreatlyistheenhancement.Butweintheinformationtechnologytransformationtraditionindustryaspectcomparedtothedevelopedcountrytofallbehindapproximatelyfor20years.Likeinourcountryenginebedcapacity,numericalcontrolenginebedproportionnumericalcontrolrateto1995onlythen1.9,butJapanhasreached20.8in1994,thereforeeveryyearhasthemassivemechanicalandelectricalproductsimport.Thisalsoonfromonmacroscopicexplainedtheenginebednumericalcontroltransformationnecessity.Thord,thenumericalcontroltransformationcontentandsuperiorlylacks3.1TransformationindustrystartingInUS,JapanandGermanyandsoonthedevelopedcountry,theirenginebedtransformstooktheneweconomicalgrowthprofession,thrivesabundantly,isoccupyingthegoldenage.Asaresultoftheenginebedaswellasthetechnicalunceasingprogress,theenginebedtransformationistheeternaltopic.Ourcountrysenginebedtransformationindustry,alsoentersfromtheoldprofessiontobythenumericalcontroltechnologyprimarilynewprofession.InUS,Japan,Germany,havethebroadmarketwiththenumericalcontroltechnologicaltransformationsenginebedandtheproductionline,hasformedtheenginebedandtheproductionlinenumericalcontroltransformationnewprofession.InUS,theenginebedtransformationindustryiscalledtheenginebedregenerationRemanufacturingindustry.IsengagedintheregenerationindustryfamouscompanytoincludeTheBertscheengineeringfirm,theaytonenginebedcompany,DevliegBullavdarevaluableservesthegroup,theUSequipmentcompanyandsoon.TheAmericanvaluablecompanyhassetupthecompanyinChina.InJapan,theenginebedtransformationindustryiscalledtheenginebedtoreequipRetrofittingindustry.IsengagedinthereequipmentindustryfamouscompanytoincludeBigindentationprojectgroup,hillockthreemechanicalcompanies,thousandsubstitutefieldslabormachinecompany,wildengineeringfirm,shorefieldengineeringfirm,mountainthisengineeringfirmandsoon.3.2NumericalcontroltransformationcontentTheenginebedandtheproductionlinenumericalcontroltransformationmaincontenthasfollowingseveralpointsFirstisextensivelyrecoversthefunction,totheenginebed,theproductionlinehasthebreakdownpartiallytocarryonthediagnosisandtherestorationSecondisNC,theaddendrevealstheinstallmentontheordinaryenginebed,oraddsthenumericalcontrolsystem,transformstheNCenginebed,theCNCenginebedThirdisrenovates,forincreasestheprecision,theefficiencyandtheautomaticity,tothemachinery,theelectricitypartiallycarriesonrenovates,reassemblestheprocessingtothemachinepart,extensivelyrecoverstheprecisionDoesnotsatisfytheproductionrequesttoittheCNCsystemtocarryontherenewalbynewestCNCFourthisthetechnologyrenewsorthetechnicalinnovation,forenhancestheperformanceorthescale,orinordertousethenewcraft,thenewtechnology,carriesonthebigscaleintheoriginalfoundationthetechnologytoreneworthetechnicalinnovation,thegreatscoperaisesthelevelandthescalerenewaltransformation.Thenewelectricalsystemtransformsafter,howcarriesonthedebuggingaswellasthedeterminationreasonableapprovalstandard,alsoisthetechnologypreparatoryworkimportantlink.Thedebuggingworkinvolvesthemachinery,thehydraulicpressure,theelectricity,thecontrol,andsoon,thereforemustcarryonbytheprojectpersonincharge,otherpersonnelcoordinate.Thedebuggingstepmayconformtosimplicitytonumerous,frominfancytomaturity,carriesonfromoutsidetoin,afteralsomaythepartialoverallsituation,afterfirstthesubsystemthe3.3Thenumericalcontroltransformationsuperiorlylacks3.3.1reducedinvestmentcosts,thedateofdeliveryareshortWithpurchasesthenewenginebedtocompare,maysave6080expensegenerally,thetransformationexpenseislow.Largescale,thespecialenginebedespeciallyisspeciallyobvious.Thecommonlargescaleenginebedtransforms,onlyspendsthenewenginebedpurchaseexpense1/3,thedateofdeliveryisshort.Butsomepeculiarcircumstances,likethehighspeedmainaxle,thetrayautomaticswitchingunitmanufactureandtheinstallmenttoorequiresalotofwork,costsagreatdealofmoney,oftentransformsthecosttoenhance23times,withpurchasesthenewenginebedtocompare,onlycaneconomicalinvestabout50.3.3.2machinecapabilitystablearereliable,thestructureislimitedUsesfoundationandsoonlathebed,columnallisheavybutthefirmcastingcomponent,butisnotthatkindofweldingcomponent,afterthetransformationenginebedperformancehigh,thequalityisgood,maytakethenewequipmentcontinuestousemanyyears.Butreceivestheoriginalmechanismthelimit,notsuitablymakestheunprecedentedtransformation.3.3.3familiarunderstoodtheequipment,isadvantageousfortheoperationserviceWhenpurchasesthenewequipment,didnotunderstandwhetherthenewequipmentcansatisfyitsprocessingrequest.Thetransformationthenotherwise,maypreciselycalculatetheenginebedtheprocessingabilityMoreover,becausemanyyearsuse,theoperatoralreadyunderstoodtotheenginebedcharacteristic,usesandservicestheaspecttotrainthetimeintheoperationshort,effectiveisquick.Thetransformationenginebedassoonasinstalls,mayrealizethecapacityloadrevolution.3.3.4mayfullyusetheexistingconditionMayfullyusetheexistingground,doesnotneedtolikebuyswhenthenewequipmentsuchtohaveretoconstructtheground.3.3.5mayusethenewestcontroltechnologyenhancestheproductionequipmenttheautomatedlevelandtheefficiency,improvestheequipmentqualityandthescale,alterstotheoldenginebednowthehorizontalenginebed.Fourth,numericalcontrolsystemchoiceWhenthenumericalcontrolsystemmainlyhasthreekindoftypes,thetransformation,shouldactaccordingtothespecialdetailstocarryonthechoice.4.1StepbystepstheopensystemwhichtheelectricalmachinerydrivesThissystemservodrivemainlyisstepbystepstheelectricalmachinery,thepowerstepbystepsthe