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机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计（论文）1文献翻译1英文SHAPERS,DRILLINGANDMILLINGMACHINESASHAPERSUTILIZESASINGLEPOINTTOOLONATOOLHOLDERMOUNTEDONTHEENDOFTHERAMCUTTINGISGENERALLYDONEONTHEFORWARDSTROKETHETOOLISLIFTEDSLIGHTLYBYTHECLAPPERBOXTOPREVENTEXCESSIVEDRAGACROSSTHEWORK,WHICHISFEDUNDERTHETOOLDURINGTHERETURNSTROKEINPREPARATIONFORTHENEXTCUTTHECOLUMNHOUSESTHEOPERATINGMECHANISMSOFTHESHAPERANDALSOSERVESASAMOUNTINGUNITFORTHEWORKSUPPORTINGTABLETHETABLECANBEMOVEDINTWODIRECTIONSMUTUALLYPERPENDICULARTOTHERAMTHETOOLSLIDEISUSEDTOCONTROLTHEDEPTHOFCUTANDISMANUALLYFEDITCANBEROTATEDTHROUGH90DEG,ONEITHERSIDEOFITSNORMALVERTICALPOSITION,WHICHALLOWSFEEDINGTHETOOLATANANGLETOTHESURFACEOFTHETABLETWOTYPESOFDRIVINGMECHANISMSFORSHAPERSAREAMODIFIEDWHITWORTHQUICKRETURNMECHANISMANDAHYDRAULICDRIVEFORTHEWHITWORTHMECHANISM,THEMOTORDRIVESTHEBULLGEAR,WHICHDRIVESACRANKARMWITHANADJUSTABLECRANKPINTOCONTROLTHELENGTHOFSTROKEASTHEBULLGEARROTATES,THEROCKERARMISFORCEDTORECIPROCATE,IMPARTINGTHISMOTIONTOTHESHAPERRAMTHEMOTORONAHYDRAULICSHAPERISUSEDONLYTODRIVETHEHYDRAULICPUMPTHEREMAINDEROFTHESHAPERMOTIONSARECONTROLLEDBYTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEFLOWOFTHEHYDRAULICOILTHECUTTINGSTROKEOFTHEMECHANICALLYDRIVENSHAPERUSES220DEGOFROTATIONOFTHEBULLGEAR,WHILETHERETURNSTROKEUSES140DEGTHISGIVESACUTTINGSTROKETORETURNSTROKERATIOOF16TO1THEVELOCITYDIAGRAMFORAHYDRAULICSHAPERSHOWSTHATFORMOSTOFTHETOOLDURINGCUTTINGSTROKEISNEVERCONSTANT,WHILETHEVELOCITYDIAGRAMFORAHYDRAULICSHAPERSHOWSTHATFORMOSTOFTHECUTTINGSTROKETHECUTTINGSPEEDISCONSTANTTHEHYDRAULICSHAPERHASANADDEDADVANTAGEOFINFINITELYVARIABLECUTTINGSPEEDSTHEPRINCIPALDISADVANTAGEOFTHISTYPEOFMACHINEISTHELACKOFADEFINITELIMITATTHEENDOFTHERAMSTROKE,WHICHMAYALLOWAFEWTHOUSANDTHSOFANINCHVARIATIONINSTROKELENGTH机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计（论文）2ADUPLICATINGDEVICETHATMAKESPOSSIBLETHEREPRODUCTIONOFCONTOURSFROMASHEETMETALTEMPLATEISAVAILABLETHESHEETMETALTEMPLATEISUSEDINCONJUNCTIONWITHHYDRAULICCONTROLUPRIGHTDRILLINGMACHINESORDRILLPRESSESAREAVAILABLEINAVARIETYOFSIZESANDTYPES,ANDAREEQUIPPEDWITHASUFFICIENTRANGEOFAPINDLESPEEDSANDAUTOMATICFEEDSTOFITTHENEDSOFMOSTINDUSTRIESSPEEDRANGESONATYPICALMACHINEAREFROM76TO2025RPM,WITHDRILLFEEDFROM0002TO0020INPERREVOLUTIONOFTHESPINDLERADIALDRILLINGMACHINESAREUSEDTODRILLWORKPIECESTHATARETOOLARGEORCUMBERSOMETOCONVENIENTLYMOVETHESPINDLEWITHTHESPEEDANDFEEDCHANGINGMECHANISMISMOUNTEDONTHERADIALARM；BYCOMBININGTHEMOVEMENTOFTHERADIALARMAROUNDCOLUMNANDTHEMOVEMENTOFTHESPINDLEASSEMBLYALONGTHEARM,ITISPOSSIBLETOALIGNTHESPINDLEANDTHEDRILLTOANYPOSITIONWITHINREACHOFTHEMACHINEFORWORKTHATISTOOLARGETOCONVENIENTLYSUPPORTONTHEBASE,THESPINDLEASSEMBLYCANBESWUNGOUTOVERTHEFLOORANDTHEWORKPIECESETONTHEBESIDETHEMACHINEPLAINRADIALDRILLINGMACHINESPROVIDEONLYFORVERTICALMOVEMENTOFTHESPINDLE；UNIVERSALMACHINESALLOWTHESPINDLETOSWIVELABOUTANAXISNORMALTOTHERADIALARMANDTHERADIALARMTOROTATEABOUTAHORIZONTALAXIS,THUSPERMITTINGDRILLINGATANYANGLEAMULTISPINDLEDRILLINGMACHINEHASONEORMOREHEADSTHATDRIVETHESPINDLESTHROUGHUNIVERSALJOINTSANDTELESCOPINGSPLINEDSHAFTSALLSPINDLESAREUSUALLYDRIVENBYTHESAMEMOTORANDFEDSIMULTANEOUSLYTODRILLTHEDESIREDNUMBEROFHOLESINMOSTMACHINESEACHSPINDLEISHELDINANADJUSTABLEPLATESOTHATITCANBEMOVEDRELATIVETOTHEOTHERSTHEAREACOVEREDBYADJACENTSPINDLESOVERLAPSOTHATTHEMACHINECANBESETTODRILLHOLESATANYLOCATIONWITHINITSRANGETHEMILLINGOPERATIONINVOLVESMETALREMOVALWITHAROTATINGCUTTERITINCLUDESREMOVALOFMETALFROMTHESURFACEOFAWORKSPIECE,ENLARGINGHOLES,ANDFORMCUTTING,SUCHASTHREADSANDGEARTEETHWITHINANKNEEANDCOLUMNTYPEOFMILLINGMACHINETHECOLUMNISTHEMAINSUPPORTINGMEMBERFORTHEOTHERCOMPONENTS,ANDINCLUDESTHEBASECONTAININGTHEDRIVEMOTOR,THESPINDLE,ANDTHECUTTERSTHECUTTERISMOUNTEDONANARBORHELDINTHESPINDLE,ANDSUPPORTEDONITSOUTEREXTREMITYBYABEARINGINTHEOVERARMTHEKNEEISHELDONTHECOLUMNIN机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计（论文）3DOVETAILSLOTS,THESADDLEISFASTENEDTOTHEKNEEINDOVETAILSLOTS,ANDTHETABLEISATTACHEDTOTHESADDLETHUS,THEBUILDUPTHEKNEEANDCOLUMNMACHINEPROVIDESTHREEMOTIONSRELATIVETOTHECUTTERAFOURMOTIONMAYBEPROVIDEDBYSWIVELINGTHETABLEAROUNDAVERTICALAXISPROVIDEDONTHESADDLEFIXEDBEDMILLINGMACHINESAREDESIGNEDTOPROVIDEMORERIGIDITYTHANTHEKNEEANDCOLUMNTYPETHETABLEISMOUNTEDDIRECTLYONTHEMACHINEBASE,WHICHPROVIDESTHERIGIDITYNECESSARYFORABSORBINGHEAVYCUTTINGLOAD,ANDALLOWSONLYLONGITUDINALMOTIONTOTHETABLEVERTICALMOTIONISOBTAINEDBYMOVINGTHEENTIRECUTTINGHEADTRACERMILLINGISCHARACTERIZEDBYCOORDINATEDORSYNCHRONIZEDMOVEMENTSOFEITHERTHEPATHSOFTHECUTTERANDTRACINGELEMENTS,ORTHEPATHSOFTHEWORKPIECEANDMODELINATYPICALTRACERMILLTHETRACINGFINGERFOLLOWTHESHAPEOFTHEMASTERPATTERN,ANDTHECUTTERHEADSDUPLICATETHETRACERMOTIONTHEFOLLOWINGAREGENERALDESIGNCONSIDERATIONSFORMILLING1WHEREVERPOSSIBLE,THEPARTSHOULDBEDESIGNEDSOTHATAMAXIMUMNUMBEROFSURFACESCANBEMILLEDFROMONESETTING2DESIGNFORTHEUSEOFMULTIPLECUTTERSTOMILLSEVERALSURFACESSIMULTANEOUSLY3THELARGESTFLATSURFACEWILLBEMILLEDFIRST,SOTHATALLDIMENSIONSAREBESTREFERREDTOSUCHSURFACE4SQUAREINSIDECORNERSARENOTPOSSIBLE,SINCETHECUTTERROTATESGRINDINGMACHINESANDSPECIALMETALREMOVALPROCESSRANDOMPOINTCUTTINGTOOLSINCLUDEABRASIVESINTHESHAPEOFAWHEEL,BONDEDTOABELT,ASTICK,ORSIMPLYSUSPENDEDINLIQUIDTHEGRINDINGPROCESSISOFEXTREMEIMPORTANCEINPRODUCTIONWORKFORSEVERALREASONS1ITISMOSTCOMMONMETHODFORCUTTINGHARDENEDTOOLSTEELOROTHERHEATTREATEDSTEELPARTSAREFIRSTMACHINEDINTHEUNHEATTREATEDCONDITION,ANDTHENGROUNDTOTHEDESIREDDIMENSIONSANDSURFACEFINISH2ITCANPROVIDESURFACEFINISHTO05MWITHOUTEXTREMECOST3THEGRINDINGOPERATIONCANASSUREACCURATEDIMENSIONSINARELATIVELYSHORTTIME,SINCEMACHINESAREBUILTTOPROVIDEMOTIONSININCREMENTSOFTENTHOUSANDTHSOFANINCH,INSTEADOFTHOUSANDTHSASIS机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计（论文）4COMMONINOTHERMACHINES4EXTREMELYSMALLANDTHINPARTSCANBEFINISHEDBYTHISMETHOD,SINCELIGHTPRESSUREISUSEDANDTHETENDENCYFORTHEPARTTODEFLECTAWAYFROMTHECUTTERISMINIMIZEDONACYLINDRICALGRINDINGMACHINETHEGRINDINGWHEELROTATESBETWEEN5500AND6500RPM,WHILETHEWORKROTATESBETWEEN60AND125RPMTHEDEPTHOFCUTISCONTROLLEDBYMOVINGTHEWHEELHEAD,WHICHINCLUDESBOTHTHEWHEELANDITSDRIVEMOTORCOOLANTSAREPROVIDEDTOREDUCEHEATDISTORTIONANDTOREMOVECHIPSANDABRASIVEDUSTMATERIALREMOVALFROMDUCTILEMATERIALSCANBEACCOMPLISHEDBYUSINGATOOLWHICHISHARDERTHANTHEWORKPIECEHOWEVERDURINGWORDWARⅡTHEWIDESPREADUSEOFMATERIALSWHICHWEREASHARDORHARDERTHANCUTTINGTOOLSCREATEDADEMANDFORNEWMATERIALREMOVALMETHODSSINCETHENANUMBEROFPROCESSESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDWHICH,ALTHOUGHRELATIVELYSLOWANDCOSTLY,CANEFFECTIVELYREMOVEEXCESSMATERIALINAPRECISEANDREPEATABLEFASHIONTHEREARETWOTYPESOFPROCESSESTHEFIRSTTYPEISBASEDONELECTRICALPHENOMENAANDISUSEDPRIMARILYFORHARDMATERIALS；THESECONDDEPENDSUPONCHEMICALDISSOLUTIONCHEMICALMILLINGISCONTROLLEDETCHINGPROCESSUSINGSTRONGALKALINEORACIDETCHANTSALUMINUM,TITANIUM,MAGNESIUM,ANDSTEELARETHEPRINCIPALMETALSPROCESSEDBYTHISMETHODTHEAREATOREMAINUNTOUCHEDBYTHEETCHANTAREMASKEDWITHAPROTECTIVECOATINGFOREXAMPLE,THEENTIREPARTMAYBEDIPPEDINTHEMASKINGMATERIALANDTHEMASKREMOVEDFROMTHOSEAREASTOBEETCHED,ORACHEMICALLYRESISTANTPRESCRIBEDTIME,AFTERWHICHTHEPARTISRINSEDINCOLDWATER,THEMASKINGREMOVED,THEPARTINSPECTED,ANDTHOROUGHLYCLEANEDTHEREARECERTAINDISADVANTAGESTOCONSIDERMETALWILLERODEEQUALLYINALLDIRECTIONS,SOTHATWALLSOFTHEETCHEDSECTIONWILLHAVEARADIUSEQUALTOTHEDEPTHOFETCHASECONDDISADVANTAGEISTHATABETTERFINISHISOBTAINEDONSURFACESPARALLELTOTHEDIRECTIONOFROLLINGOFASHEETTHANONSURFACEPERPENDICULARTOTHEDIRECTIONOFROLLINGTHISCANBECOMPAREDTOTHESURFACEOBTAINEDWHENWORKINGWOODPARALLELTO,ORACROSSTHEGRAINATHIRDDISADVANTAGE,NOTUNIQUEWITHTHISPROCESS,ISTHEWARPAGETHATWILLOCCURINTHIN,PREVIOUSLYSTRESSEDSECTIONSETCHEDONJUSTONESIDE
