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外文翻译单行蔬菜钵体苗自动移栽机的设计取苗装置设计原文1VEGETABLETRANSPLANTERSFORUSEINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESAREVIEW译文1蔬菜移栽机在发展中国家的展望原文1DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESCONTRIBUTE72OFTHETOTALVEGETABLEPRODUCTIONINTHEWORLDTHETRANSPLANTINGOPERATIONISONEOFTHEMOSTLABORINTENSIVEINVEGETABLEPRODUCTIONITISLARGELYDONEBYHANDININDIAANDMOSTDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDINCURSLARGEINVESTMENTSINLABOR,TIME,ANDCOSTTHISARTICLEPRESENTSTHEDETAILSOFCONSTRUCTIONOFVEGETABLETRANSPLANTERSINADDITIONTORECENTADVANCESINTHEIRDEVELOPMENTPERFORMANCEOFTRANSPLANTERSUNDERACTUALFIELDCONDITIONSISDISCUSSEDTRADITIONALMETHODSOFTRANSPLANTINGVEGETABLESEEDLINGSFERMINGER1953REPORTEDTHATININDIA,FORSMALLSCALEVEGETABLEGARDENING,HOLESOF60CMDIAMETERAND30CMDEEPAREMANUALLYDUGINTHEFIELDATDESIREDSPACINGSTHESOILISMIXEDWITHFARMYARDMANURE,BONEMEAL,ANDWOODASHESTHEHOLEISTHENFILLEDTOADEPTHOF15–20CMANDPACKEDASEEDLINGISPLACEDINTHEMIDDLEOFTHEHOLEANDTOPSOILISFILLEDAROUNDTHESEEDLING,COMPACTED,FIRMED,ANDSOAKEDWITHWATERASHELTERISBUILTTOSHADETHESEEDLINGUNDERDRYWEATHERCONDITIONSTHISMETHODDOESNOTREQUIREANYFIELDPREPARATIONASHOVELORSPADEISTHEONLYIMPLEMENTUSEDCLASSIFICATIONOFVEGETABLETRANSPLANTERSANDSEEDLINGSTRANSPLANTERSAREDESIGNEDBASEDONSEEDLINGTYPETOBEUSEDTHESEMIAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSCANBEUSEDFORALMOSTALLTYPESOFSEEDLINGSTABLE1THEBAREROOTSEEDLINGSAREOBTAINEDBYPULLINGSEEDLINGSDIRECTLYFROMNURSERYBEDSTHESOILBLOCKSEEDLINGSAREOBTAINEDBYSOWINGOFSEEDSINMOISTSOILCUBESMADEBYMIXINGSOIL,PEAT,COMPOST,ANDSANDPRESS,2001THECELLMOLDSEEDLINGSAREGROWNINFLEXIBLEPLASTICTSUGA,2000ORHEAVYDUTYINJECTIONMOLDEDTRAYSHORTICULTURALSUPPLIESCO,MUMBAI,INDIAWITHCELLSTOFILLWITHTHESOILMIXANDSOWTHESEEDTRAYSCANCONTAIN128,200,OR288CELLS,INWHICHTHEARRANGEMENTOFCELLSIS816,1020,AND1224,RESPECTIVELYTSUGA,2000THEHORTICULTURALSUPPLIESCOTRAYHASFIVESECTIONS,EACHWITH30OR40CELLS,SUPPORTEDBYANOUTERTRAY,WHICHCANHOLD150OR200SEEDLINGSTHESHAPEOFTHECELLISANINVERTEDTRUNCATEDPYRAMIDANOTHERMETHODFORTRANSPLANTPRODUCTIONISTHEPAPERPOT,GENERALLYMADEFROMRECYCLEDPAPERPAPERPOTSPROVIDEANINDIVIDUALAREAFOREACHSEEDTOGERMINATEANDTHEPLANTTODEVELOPINDIANINSTITUTEOFHORTICULTURALRESEARCHIIHR,2006ATOTALOF128OR200POTSCANBEPLACEDONATRAYIN88OR1010ARRANGEMENTSTSUGA,2000SEMIAUTOMATICANDFULLYAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSCANBEUSEDFORPLANTINGCELLMOLDANDPAPERPOT–PRODUCEDSEEDLINGSTHELINKEDPAPERPOT,ORACHAINOFPOTSPREPAREDBYCONNECTINGASERIESOFPAPERPOTS,ISMADEBYJOININGTWOPLYSHEETSOFPAPERWITHWATERRESISTANTADHESIVENAMBUANDTANIMURA,1992THEYDONOTREQUIREATRAYFORHOLDINGSEEDLINGSBUTREQUIREANARRANGEMENTTOSEPARATETHECHAINOFPOTSINTOINDIVIDUALSBEFOREFEEDINGTHEMTOTHEPLANTINGUNITLINKEDPAPERPOTSAREUSEDONLYWITHFULLYAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSTHEWALKINGTYPESEMIAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSAREEITHERSELFPROPELLEDORHANDTRACTOR–OPERATEDMACHINESTHEYARERAREBECAUSETHEOPERATORHASTOCONCENTRATEONTHEOPERATIONOFTHEMACHINEANDFEEDINGTHESEEDLINGSRIDINGTYPETWOROWORTHREEROWSEMIAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSARETRACTORMOUNTEDORTRACTORPULLEDMACHINES,WHEREASTHOSETHATAREUSEDWITHMOREROWSARETRACTORPULLEDTHEWALKINGTYPEAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSARESELFPROPELLEDMACHINESFORSOWINGAMAXIMUMOFFOURROWSRIDINGTYPEAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSAREEITHERSELFPROPELLEDUPTOFOURROWSORTRACTORPULLEDUPTOEIGHTROWSFURTHER,MARR1994DESCRIBEDTYPESOFTRANSPLANTERSCALLEDPUNCHPLANTERSAUTOMATICANDWATERWHEELPLANTERSSEMIAUTOMATICTHEPUNCHPLANTERSTRANSPLANTTHROUGHPLASTICMULCHESBYPUNCTURINGTHEMULCHANDTHESOILANDSETTINGTHESEEDLINGINTOTHEHOLESTHEWATERWHEELPLANTERSARESIMILARTOTHEPUNCHPLANTERSWITHTHEADDITIONOFALARGETANKFILLEDWITHWATERORFERTILIZERSOLUTIONASTHEHOLEISFORMEDFORTHETRANSPLANT,APORTIONOFTHESOLUTIONISINJECTEDINTOTHETRANSPLANTHOLESEEDLINGSAREHANDSETINTOTHEWATEREDHOLEBYOPERATORSRIDINGLOWNEARTHEGROUNDMODEL1600OFROBERTMARVELPLASTICMULCH,ANNVILLE,PAASTHESEEDLINGISPUSHEDIN,MUDFROMTHEBOTTOMCOMESUPALONGTHESIDESANDCOVERSTHETOPTOCOMPLETETHETRANSPLANTINGOPERATIONMUNILLAANDSHAW1987DESCRIBEDADIBBLINGTRANSPLANTERINWHICHHOLESAREMADEINTHESOILANDSEEDLINGSAREPLANTEDINTHEHOLESSEEDLINGBOXORTRAYHOLDERASEEDLINGBOXISPROVIDEDONSEMIAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERSTOSTOREBAREROOTSEEDLINGSFORFEEDINGTOTHEPLANTINGUNITITISRECTANGULARINCROSSSECTIONANDISOPENATTHETOPLONGRECTANGULARSEEDLINGBOXESAREUSEDINTRANSPLANTERSMODEL2000,MECHANICALTRANSPLANTERCO,HOLLAND,MICHUSEDFORPLANTINGLONGSEEDLINGS,INWHICHACONVEYORBELTISPROVIDED,WHICHCANBEDRIVENBYFOOTACTIONCARROUSELTRAYHOLDERSFIGURE1CANALSOBEUSEDINTRANSPLANTERSMECHANICALTRANSPLANTERCO’SMODELS5000,5000W,5000WD,4000,AND6000THATUSECELLMOLDSEEDLINGSEACHTRAYHOLDERSTORESFOURTOSIXTRAYS,EACHCARRYING200CELLMOLDSEEDLINGSINAUTOMATICTRANSPLANTERS,THETRAYISKEPTATAPLACEWITHITSORIENTATIONSUITABLEFORTHEPICKUPDEVICETOREMOVESEEDLINGSFROMTRAYSITALSOHASAMECHANISMTOMOVETRAYSFORWARDASSEEDLINGSAREREMOVEDFROMTHETRAYRECENTADVANCESINTHEDESIGNOFVEGETABLETRANSPLANTERSAPARTFROMTHEESSENTIALCOMPONENTSFOREFFICIENTPLANTINGOFVEGETABLESEEDLINGS,VEGETABLETRANSPLANTERSAREPROVIDEDWITHSYSTEMSFORMAINTAININGTHEACCURACY,PRECISION,ANDEFFECTIVENESSINPLANTINGSEEDLINGSWITHMINIMUMHUMANINTERVENTIONRESEARCHERSHAVEREPORTEDRECENTDEVELOPMENTSINAUTOMATICVEGETABLETRANSPLANTERINTHEUNITEDSTATESPARISH,2005,ITALY,JAPAN,AUSTRALIA,ANDENGLANDLABOWSKY,2001ROBOTICTRANSPLANTERSHAVEBEEND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