外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 国内混合动力汽车发展

CHINAHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLEDEVELOPMENTWITHTHEDEPLETIONOFOILRESOURCES,INCREASEAWARENESSOFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION,HYBRIDVEHICLESANDELECTRICVEHICLESWILLBECOMETHEFIRSTDECADESOFTHENEWCENTURY,THEDEVELOPMENTOFMAINSTREAMCARSANDAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRYBECOMETHECONSENSUSOFALLOFTHEINDUSTRYTHECHINESEGOVERNMENTALSOHASTHENATIONALHIGHTECHNOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTPROGRAM863PROGRAMSPECIFICALLYLISTED,INCLUDINGHYBRIDVEHICLES,INCLUDINGELECTRICCARSOFMAJORPROJECTSATPRESENT,CHINASINDEPENDENTINNOVATIONOFNEWENERGYVEHICLESINTHEPROCESS,ADHERETOTHEGOVERNMENTSUPPORTTOCORETECHNOLOGY,KEYCOMPONENTSANDSYSTEMINTEGRATIONFOCUSINGONTHEPRINCIPLESESTABLISHEDINHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLES,PUREELECTRICVEHICLES,FUELCELLVEHICLESASA“THREEVERTICAL“TOVEHICLECONTROLSYSTEMS,MOTORDRIVESYSTEMS,POWERBATTERY/FUELCELLFORTHE“THREEHORIZONTAL“DISTRIBUTIONOFRD,THROUGHCLOSELINKSBETWEENPRODUCTIONCOOPERATION,CHINASINDEPENDENTINNOVATIONOFHYBRIDCARSHASMADESIGNIFICANTPROGRESSWITHCOMPLETELYINDEPENDENTINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSFORMTHEPOWERSYSTEMTECHNOLOGYPLATFORM,ESTABLISHEDAHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLETECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTISTHECOREOFHYBRIDVEHICLESBATTERIESINCLUDINGBATTERYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTECHNOLOGYINADDITION,ALSOINCLUDEENGINETECHNOLOGY,MOTORCONTROL,VEHICLECONTROLTECHNOLOGY,ENGINEANDELECTRICALINTERFACEBETWEENTHEPOWERCONVERSIONANDISALSOTHEKEYFROMTHECURRENTSITUATION,CHINAHASESTABLISHEDAHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLEPOWERSYSTEMTHROUGHCOOPERATIVERDTECHNOLOGYPLATFORMSANDSYSTEMS,MADEASERIESOFBREAKTHROUGHSFORVEHICLEDEVELOPMENTHASLAIDASOLIDFOUNDATIONASOFJANUARY31,2009,TECHNOLOGYINHYBRIDVEHICLES,CHINAINTELLECTUALPROPERTYOFFICETORECEIVEANDOPENFORTHE1116PATENTAPPLICATIONSINCHINAIN1116PATENTAPPLICATIONS,INVENTION782AUTHORITYFORTHE107,UTILITYMODELFORTHE334MASTEREDTHEENTIREVEHICLEKEYDEVELOPMENT,THEFORMATIONOFACAPABILITYTODEVELOPVARIOUSTYPESOFELECTRICVEHICLESHYBRIDCARSINCHINAINSYSTEMSINTEGRATION,RELIABILITY,FUELECONOMYANDOTHERASPECTSOFTHEMARKEDPROGRESSINACHIEVINGFUELECONOMYOFDIFFERENTTECHNICALSOLUTIONSCANBE1040MEANWHILE,THEHYBRIDVEHICLEAUTOMOTIVEENTERPRISESANDINDUSTRIALRDINVESTMENTSIGNIFICANTLYENHANCED,ACCELERATINGTHEPACEOFINDUSTRIALIZATIONCURRENTLY,DOMESTICAUTOMAKERSHAVEHYBRIDVEHICLESASTHENEXTMAJORCOMPETITIVEPRODUCTSINTHESTRATEGICHIGHPRIORITY,FAW,DONGFENG,SAICMOTOR,CHANGAN,CHERY,BYD,ETCHAVEPUTALOTOFMANPOWER,MATERIALRESOURCES,HYBRIDPROTOTYPINGHASBEENCOMPLETED,ANDSOMEMODELSHAVEACHIEVEDLOWVOLUMEMARKETFAWGROUPDEVELOPMENTGOALBY2012,THEGROUPPLANSTOBUILDANANNUALCAPACITYOF11,000HYBRIDCARS,HYBRIDBUSPRODUCTIONBASEOF1000FAWGROUPSINCE1999ANDANEWENERGYVEHICLESFORTHEORETICALRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTWORK,ANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAREDCARPERFORMANCEHYBRIDSAMPLE“15“PERIOD,THEFAWGROUPISCOMMITTEDTOTHENATIONAL“863“MAJORPROJECTINTHE“REDCARDINSERIESHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT“MISSION,OFFICIALLYBEGANTHERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTOFNEWENERGYVEHICLESBEGINNINGIN2006,FAWB70INTHEBESTURN,BASEDONTHETECHNOLOGYFORHYBRIDBASEDRESEARCH,THEORIGINALLONGITUDINALINTOTRANSVERSEENGINEASSEMBLYENGINEASSEMBLY,USINGATRANSVERSEENGINEANDDUALMOTORHYBRIDTECHNOLOGYATTHESAMETIME,FAWALSOPAYCLOSEATTENTIONTOTHEENGINE,MECHANICALANDELECTRICALINTEGRATION,TRANSMISSION,VEHICLECONTROLNETWORKS,VEHICLECONTROLSYSTEMSDEVELOPMENT,THECURRENTFAWHYBRIDELECTRICCARHASACHIEVED42FUELSAVINGEFFECT,REACHEDTHEINTERNATIONALADVANCEDLEVELJIEFANGCA6100HEVHYBRIDELECTRICBUSFAW“LIBERATIONBRANDCA6100HEVHYBRIDELECTRICBUS“PROJECTISANATIONAL“863“ELECTRICVEHICLEMAJORPROJECTSFUNDEDPROJECT,WITHPUREELECTRICDRIVE,THEENGINEALONEDRIVESANDCHARGE,THEJOINTDRIVEMOTORSTARTSTHEENGINE,ANDSLIDINGREGENERATIVEBRAKING5KINDSOFBASICOPERATIONTHEPOWERHYBRIDELECTRICBUSANDECONOMYTOTHELEADINGLEVEL,38FUELECONOMYTHANTRADITIONALBUSES,EMISSIONSREDUCEDBY30REDFLAGCA7180AEHYBRIDCARSREDFLAGHYBRIDCARSCA7180AEACCORDINGTOTHENATIONAL“863PLAN“ISTHEFIRSTINCOMPLETEWITHINDUSTRIALPROSPECTSOFTHECAR,ITISBUILTONTHEBASISOFREDCARWITHGOODPERFORMANCEANDOPERATIONALSMOOTHNESSSERIESWHICHISAHYBRIDSEDAN,THELUXURYCAR,0100KMACCELERATIONTIMEOF14S,FUELEFFICIENTTHANTRADITIONALCARSBYABOUT50,EUROEMISSIONSTANDARDBESTURNB70HYBRIDCARSBESTURNB70HYBRIDCARSUSINGPETROLELECTRICHYBRIDAPPROACHDUALMOTORPOWERSYSTEMPROGRAMS,MIXEDDEGREEOF40/103,ISALLMIXEDFULLHYBRID,ALSOKNOWNASREMIXEDCONFIGURATIONSBESTURNB70HYBRIDCARSAREPETROLVERSIONCOSTSTWOTOTHREETIMESBESTURNMODELS,MASSPRODUCTIONWILLBEGRADUALLYREDUCEDAFTERTHECOSTS,EVENIFTHISHYBRIDVERSIONBESTURNMARKET,THEPRICECERTAINLYHIGHERTHANTHEEXISTINGBESTURNMODELS,BUTHIGHTHEPRICEOFPETROLWILLNOTEXCEED30VERSIONOFBESTURNMODELSSAICDEVELOPMENTGOALS2010LAUNCHINTHEMIXEDHYBRIDCARS,PLUGIN2012,SAICSTRONGMIXOFCARSANDPUREELECTRICCARSWILLBEONTHEMARKETINTHERDONNEWENERGYVEHICLES,SAICMADECLEARTOFOCUSONHYBRID,FUELCELLFORTHEDIRECTION,ANDSPEEDUPTHEDEVELOPMENTOFALTERNATIVEPRODUCTSHYBRIDVEHICLES,FUELCELLVEHICLES,ALTERNATIVEFUELVEHICLESASANEWENERGYSTRATEGYSAICTHREEKEY2010SAICROEWE750HYBRIDCARSINTHEMIXWILLBEPUTONTHEMARKET,DURINGTHEWORLDEXPOINSHANGHAI,SAICWILLPUT150HYBRIDCARSINTHEEXPOLINEONTHERIVERRUN2012ROEWE550PLUGINHYBRIDCARSWILLBESTRONGMARKET,THECURRENTCARSPOWERSYSTEMHASBEENLAUNCHEDEARLYDEVELOPMENTANDPROGRESSAPPLYTHENEWHYBRIDBUSMOVINGONTHE1STAPPLYTHEN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CALLYSTARTTHEENGINEFY2BSGVEHICLEAVERAGEFUELCONSUMPTIONTHANTHE15LPETROLCARSREDUCEABOUT510,AVERAGEFUELCONSUMPTIONCANBEREDUCEDUPTO15BYDAUTODEVELOPMENTGOALTOELECTRICCARSASATRANSITIONALMODE,THEELECTRICCARASTHEULTIMATEGOAL,THEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWENERGYCARSBYDBYDFOLLOWTHE“INDEPENDENTRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,INDEPENDENTPRODUCTION,INDEPENDENTBRAND“DEVELOPMENTPATH,ANDTHE“CORETECHNOLOGY,VERTICALINTEGRATION“DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGY,ASTHETRANSITIONTODUALMODEELECTRICVEHICLES,ELECTRICVEHICLESASTHEULTIMATEGOAL,THEDEVELOPMENTOFBYDNEWENERGYVEHICLES国内混合动力汽车发展随着石油资源的枯竭、人们环保意识的提高，混合动力汽车及电动汽车将成为新世纪前几十年汽车发展的主流，并成为我国汽车界所有业内人士的共识。我国政府也已经在国家高技术研究发展计划863计划中专门开列了包括混合动力汽车在内的电动汽车重大专项。目前，我国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，我国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。从目前情况来看，我国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，我国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。在1116件专利申请中，发明为782件（授权为107件）、实用新型为334件。掌握了电动汽车整车开发关键技术，形成了各类电动汽车的开发能力。我国混合动力汽车在系统集成、可靠性、节油性能等方面进步显著，不同技术方案可实现节油1040。同时，各汽车企业对混合动力汽车的研发和产业化投入显著增强，产业化步伐不断加快。目前，国内汽车企业已将混合动力汽车作为未来主流竞争型产品在战略上高度重视，一汽、东风、上汽、长安、奇瑞、比亚迪等都已投入了大量的人力、物力，混合动力车型已完成样车开发，并有部分车型已经实现小批量上市。一汽集团发展目标到2012年，该集团计划建成一个年生产能力为混合动力轿车11万辆、混合动力客车1000辆的生产基地。一汽集团从1999年开始进行新能源汽车的理论研究和研制工作，并开发了红旗混合动力轿车性能样本。“十五”期间，一汽集团承担了国家“863”计划重大专项中“红旗牌串联方式混合动力轿车研究开发”任务，正式开始了新能源汽车的研发工作。从2006年开始，一汽在奔腾B70的基础上，进行混合动力化的技术研究，将原来的纵置发动机总成改成横置发动机总成，采用了横置发动机及双电机混联技术。同时，一汽还抓紧了对发动机、机电一体化变速器、整车控制网络、整车控制系统的研发，目前一汽混合动力轿车已经取得了42的节油效果，达到了国际先进水平。解放牌CA6100HEV混合动力城市客车一汽“解放牌CA6100HEV混合动力城市客车”项目是国家“863”计划电动汽车重大专项资助项目，具有纯电动驱动、发动机单独驱动（同时充电）、联合驱动、电机启动发动机，以及滑行再生制动5种基本工作模式。该混合动力客车动力性和经济性达到国内领先水平，比传统客车节油38，排放降低30。红旗CA7180AE混合动力轿车红旗牌混合动力轿车CA7180AE是按国家“863”计划在国内率先完成的具有产业化前景的轿车，它建立在红旗轿车的基础上，具有良好的性能和操作平顺性。该款串联式的混合动力轿车属中、高档轿车，0100KM的加速时间为14S，比传统轿车节油约50，排放达欧标准。奔腾B70混合动力轿车奔腾B70混合动力版轿车采用油电混合方式。动力系统采用双电机方案，混合度为40/103，属于全混合FULLHYBRID，亦称重混合构型。奔腾B70混合动力版轿车的成本是汽油版奔腾车型的两到三倍，实现量产后成本会逐渐降低，即使如此混合动力版奔腾上市后，售价肯定比现有奔腾车型高，但高出的价格不会超过汽油版奔腾车型的30。上汽集团发展目标2010年推出中混混合动力轿车，2012年上汽插电式强混轿车和纯电动轿车将推向市场。在新能源汽车的研发上，上汽明确了以混合动力为重点，燃料电池为方向，同时加快替代产品的研发。混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车、代用燃料汽车成为上汽集团新能源战略的三大重点。2010年上汽荣威750中混混合动力轿车将投放市场，在上海世博会期间上汽将投放150辆混合动力汽车在世博越江专线上运行。2012年，荣威550插电式强混轿车将上市，目前该车的动力系统前期开发已经启动，并且进展顺利。申新动号混合动力客车申新动号混合动力客车由上汽工程院与上海交通大学等单位联合开发，具有自主知识产权。在申沃客车现有城市客车动力平台上，“申新动号”采用一种并联式混合动力电动汽车驱动方案，使混合动力电动汽车在纯电动工况下空调、转向、制动等附件仍然能够正常工作而无需另加电动系统，同时利用超级电容，提高启动功率、制动能量回收效率，从而提高整车动力性能、降低燃油消耗。车长10，宽25，高32，能容纳76人。荣威750混合动力轿车荣威750中混混合动力轿车采用BSG系统（皮带传动的起动发电一体机），具备“智能停机零排放”和“环保与动力性兼备”两大突出特点，最高时速为205公里/小时，最大续驶里程达500公里。作为上汽首款面向产业化的自主品牌混合动力轿车，荣威750中混混合动力轿车可实现综合节油率20左右。东风集团发展目标计划动投入330亿，用10年时间来发展一系列包括混合动力汽车在内的环保汽车。EQ7200HEV混合动力轿车EQ7200HEV混合动力轿车是“863”项目的重大专项和东风汽车公司重大战略项目。该轿车是以EQ7200车型（风神蓝鸟轿车）为基础，采用电控自动变速箱与创新型并联机电耦合的方案，配置直流永磁无刷电动机和镍氢电池，计划在“十五”期间实现产业化。产业化后，整车成本比EQ7200