土木 建筑 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 改造和升级

外文文献翻译PROTECTION,PREVENTION,REPAIR,RENOVATIONANDUPGRADING（摘自MANAGEMENTOFDETERIORATINGCONCRETESTRUCTURESCHAPTER7作者GEORGESOMERVILLE）71INTRODUCTIONTHENEEDTOREPAIRCONCRETESTRUCTUREISNOTNEWMUCHOFTHEEARLYWORKINVOLVEDMAKINGGOODVIAPATCHREPAIRSANDCRACKFILLING,FORAESTHETICANDSERVICEABILITYREASONS71ASTHECONCRETEINFRASTRUCTUREOFTHEMID20THCENTURYMATURED,THEREWASALSOADEMANDTOSTRENGTHENORUPGRADETOMEETCHANGESINUSEORINCREASEINLOADINGSTHENEEDTOTREATCASESOFCORROSIONEMERGEDINTHE1950SWITHPOSTWARPREFABRICATEDREINFORCEDCONCRETEHOUSING,ANDMANYOFTHEREFERENCESTOCHAPTER2DETAILEXAMPLESOFCORROSIONINHIGHWAYSTRUCTURESASTHEUSEOFDEICINGSALTSINCREASEDRAPIDLYINTHEEARLY1960SREFERENCE72GIVESSOMEDETAILSOFTHIS,ANDREFERENCE73ISADETAILEDREVIEWOFTHESITUATIONINTHEUKANDFRANCEWITHREGARDTOPOSTTESIONEDCONCRETEBRIDGESASDURABILITYCONCERNSBECAMEMOREWIDESPREAD,ANDCONSEQUENCESOFFAILUREMORECRITICAL,REPAIRBECAMEAGROWTHINDUSTRY,ANDOPTIONSAVAILABLEONTHEMARKETINCREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYINTERMOFPRINCIPLESANDAPPROACHES,ANDTHEINDIVIDUALSOLUTIONSWITHINEACHBASICAPPROACHTHISTAININGOVER200SHORTPAPERSONALLASPECTSOFTHEPROBLEMTHELITERATUREISFULLOFINDIVIDUALCASESTUDIES,DESCRIBINGWHATHASBEENPHYSICALLYDONEANDGIVINGSOMEREASONSFORSELECTINGAPARTICULAROPTIONITISOFTENDIFFCULTTODRAWGENERALCONCLUSIONSFROMTHESESUCHARTICLES,WHICHAREALSOHELPFULSINCETHEYPROVIDEWEBSITEADDRESSERS,APPEARMOSTFREQUENTLYINCONCRETERELATEDJOURNALSSUCHASCONCRETEFROMTHECONCRETESOCIETYINTHEUKINNORTHAMERICA,THEVARIOUSJOURNALSOFTHEAMERICANCONCRETEINSTITUTEACIDOASIMILARJOB,ANDFOCUSONREPAIRISPROVIDEDBYTHEINTERNATIONALCONCRETEREPAIRINSTITUTEICRI,WHICHPUBLISHSABIMONTHLYBULLETIN,ANDWHOSEWEBSITEGIVESDETAILSOFAVAILABLEPUBLICATIONSINTHEUSAGENERALLY,THESEAREEITHERGUIDANCEDOCUMENTS,ORCOMPLICATIONSOFARTICLESONPARTICULARTOPICSTHEREAREASLOGUIDANCEDOCUMENTSAVAILABLEONINDIVIDUALREPAIR,PROTECTIONANDUPGRADINGMETHODS,WHICHEXPLAINTHEPRINCIPLESINVOLVEDANDARESTRONGONTHE“HOWTO”ASPECTSOFTHEPROBLEMSOMEEXAMPLESOFTHESECANBEOBTAINEDFROMTHEICRIWEBSITEFORNORTHAMERICA,ANDREFERENCE7479ARESIMILARPUBLICATIONSAVAILABLEFROMTHECONCRETESOCIETYINTHEUKTHECONCRETESOCIETYPORTFOLIOISAUGMENTEDBYOTHERREPORTSONTESTMETHODSANDDIAGNOSIS,ANDONHOWTOENHANCEDURABILITYINNEWCONSTRUCTIONSTECHNICALREPORT61710ISANEXAMPLEOFTHELATTER,WHEREMUCHOFTHEDETAILEDINFORMATIONISTRANSFERABLETOTHEREPAIRANDRENOVATIONSITUATIONTHECONCRETEREPAIRASSOCICATIONINTHEUKALSOHASAWEBSITETHEABOVEBRIEFREWIEWISINTENDEDTOSHOWTHATTHEREISQUITEALOTOFINFORMATIONAVAILABLEONREPAIRANDRENOVATIONMETHODSANDALSOTOINDICATETHENATUREOFTHATINFORMATIONITCANBECOMEDATEDQUITEQUICKLYHOWEVER,ASTHETECHNOLOGYISIMPROVEDANDNEWTECHNIQUESAREINTRODUCEDMOREOVER,THENATUREANDFORMATOFTHEINFORMATIONMAKEITDIFFICULTTOCOMPARETHETECHNICALANDECONOMICMERITSOFALTERNATIVEAPPROACHESESSENTIALINFORMATIONTOTHEOWNERWHENMAKINGACHOICETHISSITUATIONISNOWCHANGING,WITHSERIOUSATTEMPTSBEINGMADETODEVELOPASYSTEMATICSCIENTIFICBASISFORCLASSIFYINGREPAIRANDRENOVATIONMETHODS,SUPPORTEDBYSOUNDSPECIFICATIONANDTESTMETHODSTHEEMERGENCEOFEN1504ISAPRIMEEXAMPLEOFTHAT,ANDWILLBEREFERREDTOSTRONGLYINLATERSECTIONSOFTHISCHAPTERTHEFINALMAJORMISSINGLINKFROMTHEDATABASESISTHELACKOFINDEPTHFEEDBACKONREALPERFORMATIONINTHEFIELDOVERRELEVANTPERIODSOFTIMEHOWDOESTHISCOMPAREWITHCLAIMSANDEXPECTATIONSAGAINTHISISCHANGING,ASTYPIFIEDBYFIGURES213216,TAKENFROMTHEPAPERBYTILLY711TILLYSPAPERCOMESFROMTHEACTIVITIESOFAEUROPEANNETWORKCONREPNET,WHICHHASEXAMINEDWELLOVER100CASESTUDIESINSOMEDETAILAND,APARTFROMPROVIDINGFIELDDATA,HASFORCEDONDEVELOPINGCRITERIATOPERMITALTERATIVEOPTIONSTOBEEVALUATEDTOACOMMONBASETHISINFORMATIONWILLALSOBEUSEDEXTENSIVELYLATERINTHISCHAPTERREPAIRANDRENOVATIONISAHUGESUBJECT,DESERVINGSEVERALBOOKSINITSOWNRIGHTTHISBOOKISABOUTASSESSMENT,MANAGEMENTANDMAINTENANCE,ANDREPAIRISANINTEGRALPARTOFTHATTHEEMPHASISINTHISCHAPTERISONHOWITFITSINTOTHEOVERALLSCHEMEOFTHINGS,INMOVINGFORWARDFROMTHEASSESSMENTPHASETOTAKINGEFFECTIVEACTIONINSELECTINGOPTIMUMSOLUTIONSTHISAPPROACHLEADSTOTHEFOLLOWINGSEQUENCEOFSUBSECTION72PERFORMANCEREQUIREMENTSFORREPAIREDSTRUCTURES73CLASSIFICATIONOFPROTECTION,REPAIR,RENOVATIONANDUPGRADINGOPTIONS74PERFORMANCEREQUIREMENTSFORREPAIRANDREMEDIALMEASURES75ENGINEERINGSPECIFICATIONS76MOVINGTOWARDSTHESELECTIONPROCESS77PERFORMANCEOFREPAIRSINSEVICE78TIMINGOFANINTERVENTION79SELECTIONAREPAIROPTIONGENERAL710THEROLEOFEN1504INSELECTION711SELECTINGAREPAIROPTIONINPRACTICE712CONCLUDINGREMARKSAPPENDIX71AND72REFERENCE72PERFORMANCEREQUIREMENTSFORREPAIREDSTRUCTURESINSIMPLETERMS,THEPERFORMANCEREQUIREMENTSFORREPAIREDSTRUCTURESARENODIFFERENTFROMTHOSEFORNEWCONSTRUCTIONSTRUCTURALLY,THEFOCUSWILLBEONTHEFACTORSLISTEDINTABLE412PROGRESSIVEASSESSMENTWILLHAVELEDTOAPERFORMANCETIMEGRAPH,SUCHASTHATINFIGURE313,FORALLRELEVANTTABLE412FACTORSTHISPAINTSAPICTUREOFHOWTHEPRESENTCONDITIONRELATESBOTHTOTHEPERFORMANCELEVELSPROVIDEDINTHEORIGINALDESIGNANDTOTHEOWNERSPERCEPTIONOFWHATCONSTITUTESMINIMUMACCEPTABLEPERFORMANCE,BEARINGINMINDTHATMUCHMOREISNOWKNOWNABOUTTHESTRUCTURETHETABLE62ISSUECOMPLICATINGTHESITUATIONISTHEFACTDIFFERENTOWNERSMAYWISHTOMANAGETHEREHABILITATIONPROCESSDIFFERENTLYFIGURE33SHOWSTWOVIABLEOPTIONSEMANATINGFROMTHEASSETMANAGEME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低性能，同时铭记，更多的为我们所知的是结构（表62问题）。复杂的情况是