高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二（名词性从句）

名词性从句根据句子的结构可分为简单句一主一谓并列句由等立连词AND,BUT,SO,FOR把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。复合句一个主句从句（一个或以上）构成。定义根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。总述1主语从句在句中作主语，可用IT作形式主语EGWHATYOUSAIDSOUNDSREASONABLEITISWELLKNOWN/REPORTED/THOUGHT/SAID/THATITISNATURAL/SURPRISING/NECESSARY/CERTAIN/TRUE/CLEARTHATITISAPITY/ASHAME/ANHONOUR/NOSURPRISE/NOWONDERTHATITDOESNTMATTERWHETHERITSEEMSAPPEARSTHATITHAPPENSTHAT碰巧2表语从句位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用ASIF/ASTHOUGH/BECAUSE/WHY引导EGTHEQUESTIONISWHOCANCOMPLETETHEDIFFICULTTASK同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有FACT,NEWS（WORD）,PROMISE,IDEA,TRUTH,THOUGHT,SUGGESTION,HOPE,PROPOSAL,DOUBT等。一般用THAT引导，不省略，不用WHICH也可用WHETHER不用IF,WHO,WHAT,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHYEGTHENEWSTHATOURTEAMHASWONTHEMATCHISTRUE4宾语从句1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（IT可作形式宾语；注意WHETHER和IF区别）2直接引语和间接引语IDOUBTWHETHERIFHEWILLKEEPHISWORDIDONTDOUBTTHATOURTEAMWILLWIN一引导词1从属连词有THAT,WHETHER,IF。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分2连接代词有WHO,WHOM,WHOSE,WHAT,WHICH,WHATEVER,WHOEVER,WHICHEVER等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。3连接副词有WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。HOWMANYMUCH,FAR,LONG,OFTEN,SOON等引导主语、宾语、表语从句二语序名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序WHENHEWILLARRIVEISNOTKNOWNIDONTKNOWHOWICANGETTHROUGHTHEEXAM三时态1在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态MARYISVERYDILIGENTMARYWASVERYDILIGENTMARYISREADINGENGLISHTOMSAIDMARYWASREADINGENGLISHTOMSAYSMARYWILLGIVEUSATALKMARYWOULDGIVEUSATALKMARYHASBEENCAUGHTINTHERAINMARYHADBEENCAUGHTINTHERAIN但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。2在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。WHOWILLWINTHEFIRSTPRIZEINTHECONTESTISNOTKNOWNTOUSHAVEYOUANYIDEAWHYHEWASSORUDE四、语气1只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气SHOULD动词原形，SHOULD可以省略。五宾语从句否定词的转移六、IF和WHETHER表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。1主语从句句首2表语从句3介词之后4不定式之前5紧跟ORNOT6同位语从句7宾语从句前移WHETHERSHEWILLWINTHEGAME,IMNOTSURE七THAT和WHATTHAT不充当任何成分，WHAT可以在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、表语。THAT在宾语从句中可以省略。下面几种情况不可以省略1主语从句2表语从句3同位语从句ONCEARISTOTLEHADMADEUPHISMINDTHATHEAVYOBJECTSALWAYSFELLFASTERTHANLIGHTOBJECTS4IT作形式宾语，THAT引导的真正宾语从句THEYWANTTOMAKEITCLEARTOTHEPUBLICTHATTHEYDOANIMPORTANTANDNECESSARYJOB5两个或多个并列的THAT引导的宾语从句，只有第一个THAT可省MRSMITHTOLDTHEWORKERSTHATJOHNHADWORKEDVERYHARDANDTHATHEWANTEDHIMSTAY八1WHOEVERANYONEWHO,WHICHEVER,WHATEVERANYTHINGTHAT名词/代词（相关的）连接代词HEGAVEWHOEVERCAMETOTHEDOORASMILEHEGAVEANYPERSONWHOCAMETOTHEDOORASMILE比较HEASKEDMEWHOBROKETHEGLASS（正确）他问我是谁打的玻璃。HEASKEDMEWHOEVERBROKETHEGLASS（错误）WHOEVERGOESAGAINSTLAWSHALLBEPUNISHED（正确）违法的人将受罚。WHOGOESAGAINSTLAWSHALLBEPUNISHED（错误）2WHEVER与NOMATTERWH的用法区别WHEVER可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；NOMATTERWH只能引导让步状语从句WHATEVERISAID,HEWOULDNTLISTENTOME让步状语从句NOMATTERWHATISAID,HEWOULDNTLISTENTOMEHEWOULDBELIEVEWHATEVERISAID宾语从句九同位语从句的THAT和定语从句的THAT的区别1THENEWSTHATOURTEAMHADWONMADEUSVERYHAPPY同位语从句，THAT在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省2THENEWSTHATHEBROUGHTUSMADEUSVERYHAPPY定语从句，THAT在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序陈述语序1THAT和WHETHER/IF引导的从句SHESENSEDSOMETHINGATALLMANINADARKCOATWASSTARINGATHERSHESENSEDTHATSHEWASBEINGWATCHEDBYATALLMANINADARKCOATSHEWONDEREDWOULDTHEBUSESSTILLBERUNNINGSHEWONDEREDIF/WHETHERTHEBUSESWOULDSTILLBERUNNING2疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。HOWWASHESUCCESSFULISSTILLAPUZZLEFHOWHEWASSUCCESSFULISSTILLAPUZZLET你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗COULDYOUTELLMEWHEREHELIVESTCOULDYOUTELLMEWHEREDOESHELIVEF1主语从句从句在句中充当主语成分1THATHEWILLSUCCEEDISCERTAIN2WHETHERHEWILLGOTHEREISNOTKNOWN3WHATHESAIDISNOTTRUE4WHEREHEHIDTHEMONEYISTOBEFOUNDOUT5WHOEVERCOMESISWELCOME6ITSCERTAINTHATHEWILLSUCCEED7HOWWECANHELPTHETWINSWILLBEDISCUSSEDATTHEMEETING8WHENTHEYLLSTARTTHEPROJECTHASNOTBEENDECIDEDYET由THAT引导1THATWESHALLBELATEISCERTAIN2_ISKNOWNTOALL地球是圆的3_ISAPITY你错过了这次机会KEYS2THATTHEEARTHISROUND3THATYOUMISSEDTHECHANCE总结THAT无意义,后接一个完整的句子，THAT不可省。考点一主语从句后置为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用IT作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。例THATWESHALLBELATEISCERTAINITSCERTAINTHATWESHALLBELATE1THATTHEEARTHISROUNDISKNOWNTOALL2THATYOUMISSEDTHECHANCEISAPITY由连词WHETHER和IF,连接代词WHAT,WHO,WHICH和连接副词WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW等引导也常常后置ITDOESNTMATTERIF/WHETHERHEISAFOREIGNERITISAQUESTIONWHETHERHEISWILLINGTOCOMEITISUNKNOWNHOWSHEHASREDUCEDHERWEIGHTINSUCHASHORTTIMEIT的用法（形式主语）ITPOSSIBLE/IMPORTANT/NECESSARY/CLEARTHAT很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚ITSSAID/REPORTEDTHAT据说/据报道ITSBEENANNOUNCED/DECLAREDTHAT已经通知/宣布ITSEEMS/APPEARS/HAPPENSTHAT显然、明显、碰巧ITSNOWONDERTHAT并不奇怪/无疑ITSAPITY/AFACT/ACOMMONKNOWLEDGE众所周知）/ACOMMONSAYING（俗话说）ITISWELLKNOWN/REPORTED/THOUGHT/SAIDTHATITISCLEAR/NECESSARY/CERTAIN/TRUE/DOUBTFULTHATITISAPITY/ASHAME/ANHONOUR/THATITDOESNTMATTERWHETHERITSEEMSTHATITHAPPENSTHAT考点二注意主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数WHAT引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定WHATHENEEDS_IS_THATBOOKWHATHENEEDS_ARE_SOMEBOOK宾语从句1从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词THAT,WHETHER,IF（THAT常可省略）WHO,WHAT,WHICH,WHOEVER,WHATEVER,WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW1THEYKNOWTHATTHEHABITWILLKILLTHEM2ITALLDEPENDSONWHETHERTHEYWILLSUPPORTUS3IAMAFRAIDTHATHEDIDNTCALLME4HEMADEITCLEARTOTHEPUBLICTHATHEDIDANIMPORTANTANDNECESSARYJOB5IFINDITNECESSARYTHATWESHOULDDOTHEHOMEWORK用IF或WHETHER填空1IDONTKNOW_ILLBEFREETOMORROW2IDONTKNOW_ORNOTILLBEFREETOMORROW3THEQUESTIONIS_THISBOOKISWORTHWRITING4ITDEPENDSON_WEWILLHAVEENOUGHMONEY5_THEYCANDOITMATTERSLITTLETOUS6_YOUARENOTFREETOMORROW,ILLGOWITHOUTYOUKEYS1WHETHER/IF2WHETHER3WHETHER4WHETHER5WHETHER6IF2THAT在宾语从句中的省略与保留A在主谓IT形式宾语宾补THAT从句真正宾语的句型中不省略EGWEMUSTMAKEITCLEARTHATWEMEANWHATWESAYIDONTTHINKITRIGHTTHATYOULEAVEHOMEWITHOUTTELLINGYOURPARENTSB由连词AND连接的两个由THAT引导的宾语从句中,第二个THAT不省略EGHETOLDME（THAT）HEWOULDCOMEANDTHATHEWOULDCOMEONTIME宾语从句的时态呼应1如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态A他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的HEBELIEVES_B请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么PLEASETELLME_AHISDREAMWILLCOMETRUESOMEDAYBWHATYOUWEREDOINGATTHISTIMEYESTERDAY2如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。1他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。HETOLDME_2他说他已离开家乡十年了。HETOLDME_3老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。THETEACHERTELLUS_1HEWASPREPARINGFORTHEEXAMINATION2HEHADBEENAWAYFROMHISHOMETOWNFORTENYEARS3LIGHTTRAVELSINASTRAIGHTLINE3表语从句从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后作用对主语进行解释说明。连接词THAT/WHETHER/ASIF/ASTHOUGH（IF不引导表语从句连接代词WHO/WHOM/WHOSE/WHICH/WHAT连接副词WHEN/WHERE/WHY/HOW/BECAUSETHEQUESTIONISWHETHERWECANRELYONHIMTHATSBECAUSEWEWEREINNEEDOFMONEYATTHATTIMEHELOOKEDASIFHEWASGOINGTOCRYTHATSWHYIWASLATEBECAUSE,ASIF也可引导表语从句1HEISABSENTTODAYITS_HEISSERIOUSLYILLBECAUSE2ITLOOKS_ITSGOINGTORAINAGAINASIFTRUEORFALSEHERSUGGESTIONISTHATWEWILLDOITBYTURNSFHERSUGGESTIONISTHATWEDOITBYTURNST4同位语从句从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（IDEA,BELIEF,FACT；TRUTH,PROBLEM,NEWS等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明同位语从句常用THAT引导或用连接副词WHEN/WHERE/WHY/HOW/WHETHER1THEIDEATHATCOMPUTERSCANRECOGNIZEHUMANVOICESSURPRISESMANYPEOPLE2WORDCAMETHATNAPOLEONHIMSELFWASCOMINGTOINSPECTTHEM3SYDNEYKEPTHISPROMISETHATHEWOULDALWAYSDOANYTHINGHECOULDFORLUCIETOMAKESUREOFHERHAPPINESS三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1同位语从句的格式N连接词从句2能接同位语从句的名词有FACT、IDEA,NEWS,INFORMATION,ORDER,BELIEF,SUGGESTION,ADVICE等3连接词通常是THAT,也可根据含义选用WHETHER,WHAT,WHEN,WHERE等来引导同位语从句。选词填空THAT/WHETHER/WHERE/HOW1IHAVENOIDEA_HECOMESFROM2HECANTANSWERTHEQUESTION_HEGOTTHEMONEY3HEGAVEUSMANYSUGGESTIONS_WESHOULDGETUPEARLIERANDTAKEMOREEXERCISE4IHAVENODOUBT_HEWILLWIN5IHAVESOMEDOUBT_HEWILLWINKEYS1WHERE2HOW3THAT4THAT5WHETHER名词性从句基础训练题1ITNOWAPPEARS_THEYAREINNEEDOFHELPATHATBWHICHCWHATDHOW2ITISGOODNEWS_THEYWILLARRIVEINAFEWDAYSAWHICHBWHATCTHATDHOW3IT_JOEDRIVESBADLYATHOUGHTTHATBTHINKSTHATCISTHOUGHTTHATDISTHOUGHTTHAT4IT_HEISLATEFORCLASSAMAYTHATBMIGHTTHATCMAYBETHATDMIGHTBEWHAT5THISIS_SHEWASBORNAWHEREBWHICHCTHATDWHAT6THEQUESTIONIS_WECANTGOTHERETODAYATHATBWHATCWHICHDWHEN7THEQUESTIONIS_ITISWORTHDOINGAIFBWHETHERCWHICHDWHAT8THEREASONHEHASMADESUCHGREATPROGRESSIS_HEHASNEVERWASTEDHISTIMEABECAUSEBWHYCTHATDWHAT9MYSUGGESTIONIS_WESHOULDTURNTHELANDINTORICEFIELDSAWHATBTHATCWHICHDWHERE10HISPROPOSALISTHATTHEDAM_ATTHEFOOTOFTHEMOUNTAINABUILDBWILLBUILDCBEBUILTDWILLBEBUILT11MYADVICEISTHATHE_REGULARHOUSEAKEEPBWOULDKEEPCKEEPSDKEPT12_KNOWSTHETRUTHWILLTELLYOUABOUTITAWHOTHATBWHOEVERCWHOMTHATDTHATWHO13WEALLKNOWTHETRUTH_THEEARTHGOESROUNDTHESUNATHATBWHICHCWHATDWHETHER14WEHEARDTHENEWS_OURTEAMHADWONAWHICHBTHATCWHATDWHERE15THEPROBLEM_ITISRIGHTORWRONGHASNOTYETBEENDECIDEDAWHICHBTHATCWHETHERDIF16YOUMUSTDOWELL_THETEACHERASKSYOUTODOAWHICHBWHATCTHATDWHERE名词性从句强化训练题1MUCHTOTHECOUPLESCOMFORT,THEIRINCOMEISNOWDOUBLEITWASFIVEYEARSAGOATHATBTHANCWHICHDWHAT2ITTAKESFORUSTOREDUCEPRESSUREISIMPORTANTTOOUREMOTIONALHEALTH,ANDCRYINGSEEMSTOWELLAWHATEVERWORKBWHICHEVERHELPCHOWEVERFUNCTIONDWHATHELP3IFTHEPROJECTSHOULDBEDELAYEDFORADAY,WOULDMEANWEWOULDBEFINED100,000ATHATBASCWHICHDANDIT4WHENITRYTOUNDERSTANDITISTHATPREVENTSSOMANYAMERICANSFROMBEINGASHAPPYASONEMIGHTEXPECT,ISSEEMSTOMETHEREAREQUITEAFEWCAUSESAWHYTHATBWHICHASCWHATTHATDWHETHERSINCE5THEREISAFEELINGINME_WEWILLNEVERKNOWWHATAUFOISATHATBWHICHCOFWHICHDWHAT6WHILETHETOTALNUMBEROFFARMERSENGAGEDINTHEAGRICULTUREPRODUCTIONISBARELYHALF_ITUSEDTOBEIN1959,THESIZEOFTHEAVERAGEFARMHASTRIPLEDATHATBWHATCWHICHDHOW7ITWASAFTERHEGOTHEHADWANTEDHEREALIZEDITWASNOTSOIMPORTANTAWHATWHATBWHATTHATCTHATWHATDTHATWHICH8WHATIFWEMEETWITHASITUATIONNONEOFUSAREABLETODEALWITHAWHEREBINWHICHCWHATDTHAT9ADVERTISINGISDIFFERENTFROMOTHERFORMSOFCOMMUNICATIONTHEADVERTISERPAYSFORTHEMESSAGETOBEDELIVEREDAINWHICHBINORDERTHATCINTHATDINTHEWAY10DOYOUTHINKITWISEFORCHINESEMOTHERSTOTRYTODOEVERYTHINGFORTHEIRCHILDRENNO,THATSTHEYAREMISTAKENAWHEREBWHATCWHENDHOW11THEONLYPROBLEMWAS_WEKEPTGETTINGLOSTBUTLONDONPEOPLEAREVERYFRIENDLYANDHELPFULAWHYBWHETHERCTHATDHOW12THEFACTSHEHADNOTSAIDANYTHINGATTHEMEETINGALLOFUSAWHATSURPRISEDBWHATWASSURPRISEDCTHATSURPRISEDDTHATWASSURPRISING13THEMOSTEXCITINGTHINGFORHIMWASHEFINALLYFOUNDTWOTINNEDFRUITSINSEEMEDTOHIMTOBEASERVANTSBEDROOMATHATTHATBTHATWHATCWHATTHATDWHATWHAT14FINALLYTHEYARRIVEDATAPLACE_SOLDCIGARETTESANDOTHERSMALLARTICLESAWHEREBWHICHCINWHICHDWHAT15THEREWERETWOSMALLROOMSINTHEHOUSE,_SERVEDASKITCHENATHESMALLEROFWHICHBTHESMALLOFWHICHCTHESMALLEROFTHEMDTHESMALLERONE16ITISNOLONGERAQUESTIONNOW_MANCANLANDONTHEMOONATHATBIFCWHETHERDWHAT17IHAVETHESAMEOPINIONASYOU_THEPRIVACYOFONESLIFESHOULDBEKEPTSECRETATHATBWHICHCWHETHERDWHERE名词性从句高考题2007年高考1_MATTERSMOSTINLEARNINGENGLISHISENOUGHPRACTICE全国卷IIAWHATBWHYCWHEREDWHICH2_HEREFERREDTOINHISARTICLEWASUNKNOWNTOTHEGENERALREADER上海卷ATHATBWHATCWHETHERDWHERE3THETRADITIONALVIEWIS_WESLEEPBECAUSEOURBRAINIS“PROGRAMMED”TOMAKEUSDOSO上海卷AWHENBWHYCWHETHERDTHAT4COULDISPEAKTOISINCHARGEOFINTERNATIONALSALES,PLEASE山东卷AANYONEBSOMEONECWHOEVERDNOMATTERWHO5YOUCANONLYBESUREOF_YOUHAVEATPRESENTYOUCANNOTBESUREOFSOMETHING_YOUMIGHTGETINTHEFUTURE安徽卷ATHATWHATBWHAT/CWHICHTHATD/THAT6WHYNOTTRYYOURLUCKDOWNTOWN,BOBTHATS_THEBESTJOBSARE浙江卷AWHATBWHERECWHENDWHY7ITISNONEOFYOURBUSINESSOTHERPEOPLETHINKABOUTYOUBELIEVEYOURSELF福建卷AHOWBWHATCWHICHDWHEN8HAVINGCHECKEDTHEDOORSWERECLOSED,AND_ALLTHELIGHTSWEREOFF,THEBOYOPENEDTHEDOORTOHISBEDROOM湖南卷AWHYBTHATCWHENDWHERE9CHOOSINGTHERIGHTDICTIONARYDEPENDSON_YOUWANTTOUSEITFOR江苏卷AWHATBWHYCHOWDWHETHER10PARENTSSAYANDDOHASALIFELONGEFFECTONTHEIRCHILDREN陕西卷ATHATBWHICHCWHATDAS11BYIMPROVINGREADINGSKILLS,YOUCANREADFASTERANDUNDERSTANDMOREOFYOUREAD上海春ATHATBWHATCWHICHDWHETHER12THESEASIDEHEREDRAWSALOTOFTOURISTSEVERYSUMMERWARMSUNSHINEANDSOFTSANDSMAKE_ITIS天津卷AWHATBWHICHCHOWDWHERE2008年高考1THELAWYERRARELYWEARSANYTHINGOTHERTHANJEANSANDATSHIRT_THESEASON（全国I卷）AWHATEVERBWHEREVERCWHENEVERDHOWEVER2STUDENTSAREALWAYSINTERESTEDINFINDINGOUT_THEYCANGOWITHANEWTEACHER（安徽卷）AHOWFARBHOWSOONCHOWOFTENDHOWLONG3_ISKNOWNTOUSALLISTHATTHE2008OLYMPICGAMESWILLTAKEPLACEINBEIJING（福建卷）AITBWHATCASDWHICH4WHENASKED_THEYNEEDEDMOST,THEKIDSSAIDTHEYWANTEDTOFEELIMPORT