高中化学等效平衡（high school chemistry equivalent balance）

高中化学等效平衡（HIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYEQUIVALENTBALANCE）HIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYEQUIVALENTBALANCETXTIFYOULOVESEVERALPEOPLEATTHESAMETIME,YOUAREYOUNGIFYOULOVEONLYONEPERSON,THENYOUAREOLDIFYOUDONOTLOVEANYONE,YOUHAVEBEENREBORNAPOSITIVEPERSONMUSTHAVEAHABITOFPERSISTENCECOLLEGEENTRANCEEXAMINATION,POETRYAPPRECIATION,EQUIVALENTBALANCE,DEFAULTCLASSIFICATION,20100911,175154READING,4REVIEWS,0TYPESLARGEANDMEDIUMSUBSCRIPTIONSDIALYSISOFEQUIVALENTEQUILIBRIUMKNOWLEDGEPOINTSANDITSAPPLICATIONIESTABLISHMENTOFEQUIVALENTBALANCEPRINCIPLEPOINTEDOUTTHATTHECHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMTHEORYAREVERSIBLEREACTION,WHENTHEEXTERNALCONDITIONS,WHETHERITISFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFAFFIRMATIVEREACTION,ORFROMTHEREVERSEREACTION,ORFROMTHEFORWARDANDTHEREVERSEREACTIONSBEGINATTHESAMETIME,FINALLYCANREACHTHEEQUILIBRIUMSTATETHESTATEOFCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMRELATESTOTHECONDITIONS,BUTNOTTOTHEPATHTOBALANCETHEREFORE,WEPUTINCERTAINCONDITIONSCONSTANTTEMPERATURE,CONSTANTVOLTAGEORCONSTANTTEMPERATURE,CONSTANTVOLUME,JUSTSTARTINGMATERIALTOJOINTHESAMEREVERSIBLEREACTIONDIFFERENTAFTEREQUILIBRIUM,THEREACTIONMIXTUREOFANYCOMPONENTFRACTIONTHESAMEVOLUME,QUALITY,AMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEAREEQUAL,SOCALLEDEACHEQUIVALENTCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMBALANCETWO,THECONDITIONSANDTYPESOFEQUIVALENTEQUILIBRIUMESTABLISHMENTACCORDINGTOTHECONDITIONSOFESTABLISHINGEQUIVALENTEQUILIBRIUM,ITCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIESCONSTANTTEMPERATURE,CONSTANTPRESSUREANDCONSTANTTEMPERATURE,CONSTANTVOLUMEINTHECONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDCONSTANTVOLUME,WEMUSTCONSIDERTWOCASESOFEQUALANDUNEQUALGASMOLECULARNUMBERBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTIONTHECONCLUSIONISTWOCATEGORIESANDTHREECASESTHEIRCLASSIFICATION,ESTABLISHMENTCONDITIONSANDCHARACTERISTICSARESUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWSEXPLANATIONFORTHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONOFGASMOLECULESWITHEQUALNUMBEROFMOLECULESBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTION,THECHANGEOFPRESSUREINTHECONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDCONSTANTVOLUMECONDITIONDOESNOTAFFECTTHEMOVEMENTOFTHEEQUILIBRIUM1,CONSTANTTEMPERATURECONSTANTVOLUMEFIXEDT,VEQUIVALENTBALANCE1INT,VCONDITIONS,TOCHANGETHEGASVOLUMEBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTIONTHEREACTIONIFTHECHANGEOFINITIALJOIN,ASLONGASTHESTOICHIOMETRICNUMBEROFREVERSIBLEREACTIONTHANCONVERTEDINTOBALANCEONBOTHSIDESOFTHESAMESIDEOFTHESAMEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEANDTHEORIGINALBALANCEISTWOEQUIVALENTBALANCE2UNDERTHECONDITIONOFDEFINITETANDV,THEREACTIONOFTHEVOLUMEOFTHEGASBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTIONISINVARIABLEIFTHERATIOOFTHEAMOUNTOFTHEREACTANTSORTHEPRODUCTSISTHESAMEASTHEORIGINALEQUILIBRIUM,TWO,THEBALANCEISEQUIVALENT2,CONSTANTTEMPERATURECONSTANTPRESSURET,PEQUIVALENTBALANCEINT,UNDERTHECONDITIONOFPIFTHECHANGEOFINITIALJOIN,ASLONGASTHESTOICHIOMETRICNUMBEROFREVERSIBLEREACTIONTHANCONVERTEDINTOTHELEFTANDRIGHTSIDESOFTHESAMESIDEOFTHEEQUATIONOFMATERIALMOLARRATIOANDTHEORIGINALBALANCEISTHESAME,TWOEQUIVALENTBALANCENAMELYTHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONGASVOLUMECHANGESBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTION,THECONSTANTVOLUMEVESSELTOREACHASTATEOFEQUILIBRIUM,THEFEEDINGAMOUNTMUSTBETHESAMECONSTANTPRESSUREVESSELTOREACHASTATEOFEQUILIBRIUM,THEFEEDINGAMOUNTCANBEDIFFERENT,BUTTHEINVESTMENTPROPORTIONOFTHESAMEFORTHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONOFGASVOLUMEBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTION,WHETHERINCONSTANTVOLUMECONTAINERORCONSTANTPRESSURECHANGE,INORDERTOACHIEVETHESAMEEQUILIBRIUMSTATE,ASLONGASTHEPROPORTIONOFMATERIALCANBEFEDSEETHEFOLLOWINGTABLEFORDETAILSTABLE1CLASSIFICATIONOFEQUIVALENTBALANCE,ESTABLISHMENTCONDITIONSANDRESULTSREACTIONCONDITIONCLASSIFIEDCONSTANTTEMPERATURE,CONSTANTVOLUME,CONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDCONSTANTPRESSURETHENUMBEROFGASMOLECULESISUNEQUALBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTIONAGBGCGHASEQUALMOLECULARNUMBERSBEFOREANDAFTERTHEREACTIONAGBG2CGREVERSIBLEREACTIONSOFALLGASESCLASSIFICATIONIIIIIITHEESTABLISHMENTOFCONDITIONSOFPRODUCTSACCORDINGTOTHEMEASUREMENTOFEQUIVALENTBALANCECOEFFICIENTOFTHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONEQUATIONOFALL“PUSHDOWN“ASTHEREACTANT,THEINITIALOFTHESAMEMATERIALWITHTWOBALANCEESTABLISHEDBYTHESAMESECURITYAMOUNTTWOCASES,EQUIVALENTTHISISESSENTIALLYTHESAMEPRODUCTACCORDINGTOTHESTOICHIOMETRICBALANCEREVERSIBLEREACTIONEQUATIONOFALL“PUSH“COUNTASREACTANTS,TWOEQUILIBRIUMEQUIVALENTMOLARRATIOISTHESAMEINTHETWOSITUATIONSWHENTHESUCHASTHEREACTIONUNDERSECONDCONDITIONSMOLARRATIOISNTIMESTHEMATERIALREACTIONTHEFIRSTCASEOFTHERATIOOFTHEPRODUCTACCORDINGTOTHEMEASUREMENTOFTHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONEQUATIONOFTHECOEFFICIENTOF“PUSHDOWN“ASREACTANTS,TWOEQUILIBRIUMMOLARRATIOISTHESAMEINTHETWOUNDERTHECONDITIONOFTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEEQUIVALENTFOREXAMPLE,THERATIOOFTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTSINTHESECONDCASEISNTIMESTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTSINTHEFIRSTCASETHERESULTSOFTHETWOBALANCECOMPONENTSN,C,100COMPONENTSARETHESAMETHEDENSITYOFGASTWOTIMESBALANCEISTHESAME,THESAMESUBSTANCEASTHEREACTIONRATEVTWOEQUILIBRIUMCOMPONENTSOF100N,CWITHTHESAMECOMPONENT,THEPROPORTIONOFGASDENSITYCHANGETWOEQUILIBRIUMISNOTNECESSARILYTHESAMEREACTIONRATEVOFSAMEMATERIALISNOTTHESAMEINTHETWOEQUILIBRIUM,THECOMPONENTSOFEACHCOMPONENTARETHESAMEASTHEC,ANDTHENVARIESINPROPORTIONWHENTHETWOBALANCEOCCURS,THEDENSITYOFTHEGASISTHESAMEASTHATOFP,ANDTHEREACTIONRATEOFTHESAMESUBSTANCEISTHESAMEASTHATOFVNOTETHEEQUIVALENTBALANCEFORMULACANBESUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWSTHEPRESSURERATIOISTHESAMEEQUALCAPACITYIFTHECOEFFICIENTGASCOEFFICIENTUNCHANGED,CANBETHESAMEASTHERATIOTHREETHEAPPLICATIONOFEQUIVALENTBALANCEINSOLVINGCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMQUESTIONS1THEAMOUNTOFMATTERINDIFFERENTSTARTINGSTATESEXAMPLE1IFTHETEMPERATUREISCONSTANT,ADDING2MOLSO2,1MO1O2INACONSTANTVOLUMECONTAINER,THEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCUR2SO2GO2G,IFEQUILIBRIUM,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCESO3ISAMO1/LIFTHEMATERIALISCHANGEDATTHEBEGINNING,ANDTHEQUANTITYOFTHESUBSTANCESO2ISEXPRESSEDBYATHEBREPRESENTSTHEAMOUNTOFTHESUBSTANCEOFO2THECINDICATESTHEAMOUNTOFTHESUBSTANCEINSO3HOWEVER,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCESO3INEQUILIBRIUMISREQUIREDTOBEAMO1/L,FILLINTHEBLANKSBELOW1IFA0,B0,THENC2IFA05,THENB,C3WRITETHERELATIONTHATA,B,CSHOULDSATISFYPLEASEUSETHETWOEQUATIONREPRESENTATION,ONECONTAININGONLYAANDCANDTHEOTHERCONTAININGONLYBANDC,ANALYSISACCORDINGTOTHECONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDVOLUMEEQUIVALENTBALANCECONDITIONS,MEETSTHEEQUATIONINMEASUREMENTDATAISCONVERTEDINTOSO2ANDO2OFTHEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEANDTHEORIGINALSTARTADDINGSO2ANDO2ISEQUALTOTHEAMOUNTOFMATERIALTHEREFORE,AC2,2BC2SHOULDBESATISFIEDANDTHUSAVAILABLE1INC2,2B025,C15THINKINGIFTHEVOLUMEFIXEDCONTAINERINTHEABOVEPROBLEMISCHANGEDINTOAPRESSUREINVARIANTCONTAINER,THESAMEANSWERTOTHEABOVEQUESTIONTHIRDSMALLQUESTIONS,PARENTHESES,TEXT,REMOVAL,THENWHATISTHESITUATIONREFERENCEANSWERC0B025,C0AB21,C0ORAB0,C02,THEJUDGMENTOFEQUIVALENTBALANCEEXAMPLE2INACONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDCONSTANTPRESSUREVESSEL,THEAANDBGASESCANESTABLISHTHEFOLLOWINGEQUILIBRIUM2AG2BGCG3DGISNOWBALANCEDFROMTWOPATHSITHESTARTINGQUANTITIESOFAANDBARE2MO1THEINITIALQUANTITIESOFII,CANDDARE2MO1AND6MO1,RESPECTIVELYTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTSARETRUEWHENTHEA,IANDIITWOPATHWAYSFINALLYREACHEQUILIBRIUM,THECOMPOSITIONOFTHEMIXTUREGASINTHESYSTEMISTHESAMEWHENTHEB,IANDIITWOPATHWAYSFINALLYREACHEQUILIBRIUM,THEPERCENTCOMPOSITIONOFTHEMIXEDGASESINTHESYSTEMISDIFFERENTWHENCREACHESEQUILIBRIUM,THEAVERAGERELATIVEMOLECULARMASSOFTHEMIXTUREGASISTHESAMEASTHATOFPATHWAY1ANDPATHWAYIIWHENDREACHESEQUILIBRIUM,THEGASDENSITYOFPATHWAYIIS1/2OFPATHWAYIIANALYSISTHEESTABLISHMENTOFCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMHASNOTHINGTODOWITHTHEREACTIONPATHITCANBEEQUALTOTHEINITIALAMOUNTOFAANDBTOBE4MO1THEEXTREMETRANSFORMATIONISCARRIEDOUT,ANDTHECOMPLETEREACTIONOF2MO1AND6MO1DISCONVERTEDINTO4MO1A,4MO1BJOIN2MO1A2MO1B,VOLUMEVL,CONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDPRESSURE,THENADD2MO1AAND2MO1BVOLUMEISCHANGEDTO2VL,A,BVISIBLE,THEINITIALAMOUNTOF4MO1ISEQUIVALENTTOTWOA,THEINITIALBWAS2MO1UNDERTHESAMECONDITIONSOFSUPERPOSITION,BALANCE,CONCENTRATIONOFTHESAMEOBJECTSOFTHESAMETHESAME,CONVERSIONRATE,AVERAGEMOLARMASSANDDENSITYARETHESAMESOCHOOSETHEAANDCOPTIONS3JUDGMENTOFMOVINGDIRECTIONOFCHEMICALBALANCEEXAMPLE3ATACERTAINTEMPERATURE,INAVARIABLEVOLUMECONTAINER,REACTWITH2AG2BGWHEN2CGREACHESEQUILIBRIUM,THECONTENTSOFA,BANDCARE4MO1,2MO1AND4MO1,RESPECTIVELYKEEPTHETEMPERATUREANDPRESSURECONSTANT,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEINTHETHREEOFTHEEQUILIBRIUMMIXTUREISADJUSTEDASFOLLOWSAWEREHALVED,BDOUBLING,CINCREASED,1MO1ANDDDECREASEDBY1MO1ANALYSISUNDERISOTHERMALANDISOBARICCONDITIONS,THEMATERIALACCORDINGTOTHESTOICHIOMETRICREACTIONEQUATIONNUMBERINTOAREACTANTORPRODUCT,THEMOLARRATIOISCONSISTENTWITHTHEEQUIVALENTBALANCERATIOOFTHETHREEOPTIONSA,BFOR212,ANDINTHESAMEPROPORTION,EQUIVALENTBALANCE,BALANCEDOESNOTMOVECCANBEEXPECTEDTOBEADDEDINTHETWOSTEP,ADDING1MOLA,05MO1B,1MO1CFORTHEFIRSTTIME,WHENTHEBALANCEDOESNOTMOVE,SECONDTIMESBEFORETHEADDITIONOF05MO1BTHEONETIMEADD1MO1ANDEQUIVALENT,INCREASEDTHECONCENTRATIONOFREACTANTS,BALANCEDISREDUCEDBY1,CANALSOBEENVISAGEDASTHETWOSTEPFIRSTREDUCE1MOL,A,B,REDUCE05MO1,C,REDUCE1MO1,ATTHISTIMEBALANCEDOESNOTMOVEBISNOWREDUCEDBY05MO1,REDUCINGREACTANTCONCENTRATIONANDBALANCINGLEFTSHIFTTHEANSWERISTHECOPTION4THECONVERSIONRATEORVOLUMEFRACTIONOFASUBSTANCEWHENTHESAMEREACTIONBEGINSATDIFFERENTEQUILIBRIUMSTATESEXAMPLE4INTHESAMEVOLUMEOFA,BANDTWOCONTAINERS,AISEQUIPPEDWITHSO2ANDO2EACH1G,BISEQUIPPEDWITHSO2ANDO2,EACH2G,ATTHESAMETEMPERATUREREACTION2,SO2O22SO3,ANDACHIEVEBALANCEINTHISPROCESS,IFTHECONVERSIONRATEOFSO2INAVESSELISP,THECONVERSIONRATEOFSO2INTHECONTAINERBA,EQUALTOPB,GREATERTHANPC,LESSTHANPD,CANNOTBEDETERMINEDTHISPROBLEMISMUCHSIMPLERIFTHEAPPLIEDPROCESSHYPOTHESISANDTHEEQUIVALENTEQUILIBRIUMPRINCIPLEAREAPPLIED,THEPROCESSOFCHANGEISASSUMEDASSHOWNINTHEFOLLOWINGFIGUREEQUILIBRIUM1ANDEQUILIBRIUM2AREEQUIVALENTEQUILIBRIUM,ANDTHECONTENTANDCONVERSIONRATEOFEACHSUBSTANCEAREEQUALBALANCE2THEBALANCE3ISTHEPRESSURIZATIONPROCESS,THEBALANCEMOVESTOTHERIGHT,ANDTHECONTENTANDTHECONVERSIONRATEOFEACHSUBSTANCEINCREASE,THATISTOSAY,THECONVERSIONRATEOFSO2INTHECONTAINERISGREATERTHANP,SOTHEBOPTIONISSELECTED5,THECOMPREHENSIVEAPPLICATIONOFEQUIVALENTBALANCEKNOWLEDGEEXAMPLE5IUNDERCONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDCONSTANTPRESSURE,THEFOLLOWINGREACTIONOCCURSINAVARIABLEVOLUMEVESSEL,AGAS,BGAS,CGAS1IFTHE1MO1,A,AND1MO1BAREADDEDTOTHEBALANCEATTHESTART,THEAMO1CISGENERATED,ANDTHEAMOUNTOFTHESUBSTANCEINTHEAISMO12IFTHE3MO1AANDTHE3MO1BAREADDEDATTHEBEGINNING,WHENTHEEQUILIBRIUMISREACHED,THEAMOUNTOFTHESUBSTANCETHATPRODUCESCISMO13IFTHEXMOLA,2MOL,BAND1MO1CAREADDEDATTHEBEGINNING,WHENTHEEQUILIBRIUMISREACHED,THEAMOUNTOFAANDCISY,MO1AND3AMO1,THENX,MO1,ANDYMO1THEAVERAGEB,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEANOPTIONALNUMBERTHEREASONFORTHISJUDGMENTISTHATAGREATERTHAN2MO1BEQUALTO2MO1CLESSTHAN2MO1DMAYBEGREATERTHANOREQUALTOORLESSTHAN2MO14IFTHEREENTRYOFA3MO1CINA3EQUILIBRIUMMIXTURE,WHENTHEEQUILIBRIUMISREACHEDAGAIN,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEINTHECISIFTHETEMPERATUREREMAINSCONSTANT,THEREACTIONOCCURSINACONTAINEROFTHESAMEVOLUMEANDVOLUMEFIXEDBEFORETHEREACTION15STARTBYADDING1MO1AAND1MO1BTOBM