2014年高考真题——英语（湖北卷）解析版2 word版

绝密启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语本试题卷共16页，81题。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。祝考试顺利注意事项1答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2选择题的作答每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3完成句子和短文写作题的作答用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题15分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例HOWMUCHISTHESHIRTA1915B915C918答案B1WHATISLINDAAAWRITERBASTUDENTCATEACHER2WHATISTHEMANAFRAIDOFAHAVINGANACCIDENTBMISSINGTHEINTERVIEWCSAYINGSOMETHINGWRONG3WHATDOESTHEWOMANWANTTODOATORETURNAJACKETBTOCHANGEAJACKETCTOBUYANOTHERJACKET4WHYDOESTHEMANFEELUPSETAAGUYSTOLEHISCLOTHESBHEFOUNDHISCLOTHESUGLYCSOMEONESAIDHEWASUGLY5WHATDOESTHEWOMANMEANASHEDISBELIEVESHERSONBSHEFEELSVERYSORRYFORHERSONCSHEWANTSHERSONTOUSEANEWKEY第二节（共15小题；每小题15分，满分225分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6WHYISNTJENNYATTHESTOREASHELEFTWORKEARLYBSHESLATEFORWORKCSHESBEENOUTOFWORK7HOWDOESTHEMANFEELABOUTJENNYAANGRYBCURIOUSCCONCERNED听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8WHATISLYINGONTHERAILWAYTRACKSAAMANBAROCKCATRUNK9WHATARETHESPEAKERSABOUTTODOATOMOVETHEROCKBTOWAVETHETSHIRTCTOFINDSOMETHINGRED听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10WHATDOESTHEMANWANTTOTALKABOUTALUCYSPOORHEALTHBLUCYSSCHOOLEDUCATIONCLUCYSWORKPERFORMANCE11WHATDIDTHECUSTOMERATTABLE4DOTHATANNOYEDLUCYAHEPRAISEDHERBHEMADEACOMPLAINTCHEORDEREDTHESPECIALOFFER12WHYISLUCYINLOWSPIRITSASHEHASNTMADEAPLANBSHEHASNTREALIZEDHERDREAMCSHEHASNTBECOMEAGOODWAITRESS听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13HOWDOESTHEWOMANTHINKMARKFEELSAANXIOUSBUNHAPPYCFRIGHTENED14WHATWASCATHERINEDOINGWHENTHESPEAKERSGOTHOMEAREADINGHERBOOKSBPLAYINGWITHHERFRIENDSCCHATTINGWITHTHEOPERATOR15WHATDOESTHEWOMANWANTTOENSUREAMARKCANPASSTHEEXAMBMARKCANHELPPEOPLEINNEEDCMARKCANAPPLYWHATHESLEARNED16WHATWILLTHESPEAKERSDOFORMARKAKEEPARECORDOFHISREACTIONSBCREATEANUNEXPECTEDSITUATIONCWRITEDOWNTHEIROWNEXPERIENCES听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17WHENDIDTHEMAGICIANFIRSTPERFORMPROFESSIONALLYAIN1964BIN1968CIN197218WHATMADETHEMAGICIANWORLDFAMOUSAHISTVSHOWBHISGLOBALTOURSCHISTEACHINGJOB19WHICHDOESTHEMAGICIANTHINKISHISGREATESTACHIEVEMENTAPROJECTMAGICBBOXOFFICERECORDSCTHEMAGICOFABC20HOWISTHEMAGICIANDIFFERENTFROMOTHERMAGICIANSAHEPRACTISESHARDBHEBELIEVESINWONDERCHESTARTEDHISCAREEREARLY第二部分词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例TOMAKEMEMBERSOFATEAMPERFORMBETTER,THETRAINERFIRSTOFALLHASTOKNOWTHEIR_ANDWEAKNESSESASTRENGTHSBBENEFITSCTECHNIQUESDVALUES答案A21HER_FORWRITINGWASADESIREFORWOMENTOGETTHERIGHTTOHIGHEREDUCATIONATALENTBMOTIVATIONCQUALIFICATIONDTECHNIQUE【答案】BATALENT天才，才干BMOTIVATION动机CQUALIFICATION资格，条件DTECHNIQUE技巧，技术【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析。她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。【难度说明】中等22WHENRICHARDSAID,“YOUAREMUCHMOREAGREEABLEANDPRETTIERNOW”JOANSFACETURNEDREDATTHEUNEXPECTED_ACONTRIBUTIONBCOMPLIMENTCCOMPARISONDCOMMAND【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析。ACONTRIBUTION贡献BCOMPLIMENT恭维，称赞CCOMPARISON对比DCOMMAND命令，指挥当瑞秋说“你现在变得更讨人喜爱，更漂亮了。”琼听到这突如其来的赞美，脸红了。【难度说明】容易23SEEINGTHEBIGCROWDCOMINGTOWARDSHIM,HESTARTEDTORUNDOWNTHEHILL,BUT_ANDWENTDOWNONHISHANDSANDKNEESINTHEMELTINGSNOWASANKBSKIEDCSLIPPEDDSIGNALED【答案】C【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析。ASANK下沉BSKIED投向空中CSLIPPED滑倒DSIGNALLED发信号看到一大群人朝他涌来，他开始往山下跑，但他滑倒了并跪在正融化的积雪上。【难度说明】难24THEOLDRULESHAVETOBE_BECAUSETHEYONLYAPPLIEDTOTHECIRCUMSTANCESTHATEXISTEDWHENTHEYWEREMADEAHUNDREDYEARSAGOAREVISEDBOBSERVEDCESTABLISHEDDDEVELOPED【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析。AREVISED修改，改进BOBSERVED观察，遵守CESTABLISHED建立DDEVELOPED发展旧的规则不得不修改，因为它们只适用于一百年前制定它们的环境。【难度说明】中等25IVEBEENTRYINGTOPHONECHARLESALLEVENING,BUTTHEREMUSTBESOMETHINGWRONGWITHTHENETWORKICANTSEEMTO_AGETALONGBGETINCGETOFFDGETTHROUGH【答案】D【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析。AGETALONG进展BGETIN进入，陷入CGETOFF动身，脱下DGETTHROUGH通过，度过，接通电话我已经给查尔斯打了一晚上电话，但网络一定出了问题，我似乎不能接通电话。【难度说明】中等26ISTHISYOURNECKLACE，MARYI_ITWHENIWASCLEANINGTHEBATHROOMTHISMORNINGAWENTFORBLOOKEDAFTERCDEALTWITHDCAMEACROSS【答案】D【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析。AWENTFOR努力争取，对适用BLOOKEDAFTER照顾CDEALTWITH处理DCAMEACROSS偶然发现玛丽，这是你的项链吗我在打扫厕所时无意发现它。【难度说明】简单27WHATWASSO_ABOUTJASMINEWESTLANDSVICTORYWASTHATSHECAMEFIRSTINTHEMARATHONBAREFOOTEDAOBVIOUSBIMPRESSIVECESSENTIALDAWFUL【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析。AOBVIOUS明显的BIMPRESSIVE印象深刻的CESSENTIAL基本的，必要的DAWFUL讨厌的，可怕的关于JASMINEWESTLAND的胜利，令人印象深刻的是她光着脚第一个冲向了终点。【难度说明】简单28INSTEADOFBLAMINGTHECHILDWHOHADBROKENTHEVASE,SHEGAVEHIMA_SMILEANDLETHIMGOAWILDBTOLERANTCGRATEFULDCAUTIOUS【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析。AWILD野生的BTOLERANT宽容的CGRATEFUL感激的D谨慎的她没有指责打破花瓶的男孩，而是给他一个宽容的微笑，让他走了。【难度说明】中等29HARDLYHADSABRINAFINISHEDHERWORDSWHENALBERTSAID_,“DONTBESOMEAN,”POINTINGAFINGEROFWARNINGATHERASHARPLYBINDIRECTLYCGUILTILYDDREADFULLY【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是副词辨析。ASHARPLY尖锐地BINDIRECTLY间接地CGUILTILY内疚地DDREADFULLY可怕地塞布丽娜刚说完，艾伯特就尖锐地说“别那么小气，”并用手指指着警告她【难度说明】难30CHECKCARROTS,POTATOES,ONIONSANDANYOTHERVEGETABLES_ANDIMMEDIATELYUSEORTHROWAWAYANYWHICHSHOWSIGNSOFROTTINGAINSTOREBINDEMANDCONSALEDONLOAN【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是介词短语辨析。AINSTORE贮藏BINDEMAND有需求CONSALE廉价出售DONLOAN借用，借贷检查储藏着地胡萝卜，土豆，洋葱和其他蔬菜，然后立即使用或者扔掉有腐烂迹象的蔬菜【难度说明】中等第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WHENOURRESTAURANTBUSINESSFAILED,WEHEADEDNORTHINACAMPINGTRUCKTOTEXAS,HOPINGTOHAVEA“FRESHSTART”ATTHE31OFPALODUROCANYON峡谷STATEPARK,I32AJOBADVERTISEMENTHIRINGPARKHOSTSTHEPOSITIONOFFEREDA33,PERMANENTCAMPSITEINTHEPARK,AND34,THEHOSTSSERVEDASALINKBETWEENTHEPARKSGUESTSANDTHERANGERS护林人ITWASTHEPERFECTSOLUTIONARENTFREEPLACETOREORGANIZEOURLIVESWEENTEREDTHEPARKANDIMADEAN35FORTHEFOLLOWINGDAYTHEPARKWAS36,SOITTOOKUSSOMETIMETOFINDANAVAILABLESITETHATEVENING,ASWEFINISHEDOURDINNER,MYWIFESAWTWOLARGESKUNKS臭鼬WALKINGTOWARDOURTABLEWE37CLIMBEDONTOTHETABLEAND,FORTHENEXTFOURHOURS,WAITEDFORTHEMTO38OURCAMPHAVINGSURVIVEDTHATNIGHT,WEWERE39THATEVERYTHINGELSEWOULDBEALLRIGHTTHENEXTDAYWEMETWITHTHEPEOPLEWHORANTHEPARKTHEYEXPLAINEDOUR40ANDGAVEUSABEAUTIFULCAMPSITETHATEVENING,41,WELEARNEDABOUTTHECANYON42THEYWERESTRONGANDCOLD,ROCKINGOURLITTLECAMPINGTRUCKVIOLENTLY,ANDWELAY43INTHEDARKUNTILTHEWINDSDIEDAWAY44THEWEEKSTHATFOLLOWED,WELEARNEDTOSURVIVEINOURTRUCKAND45THELITTLEMONEYMYWIFE46BYSUBSTITUTETEACHINGBUILDINGASUCCESSFULBUSINESSANDTHENLOSINGITHADLEFTVERYLITTLETIMEFORBUILDINGASUCCESSFUL47FORATIMEAFTEROURBUSINESS48ITHOUGHTIMIGHTLOSEMYFAMILYASWELLLIVINGINTHETINY49WITHNOTELEVISION,WESATCLOSETOGETHERREADINGANDTALKINGONEEVENING,STANDINGUNDERAJEWELEDSKY,IFOUNDMYSELF50FORALLTHEHARDSHIPSWEHADWALKEDTHETRAILSANDCLIMBEDTHECANYONWALLSWEHADBECOMEAFAMILY31ABACKBENTRANCECCENTREDEDGE32AANSWEREDBNOTICECPUBLISHEDDSPONSORED33AFREEBSAFECCONVENIENTDBEAUTIFUL34AINRETURNBINTURNCINSHEETDINTIME35AATTEMPTBAPPEARCAGREEMENTDAPPOINTMENT36AQUITEBIDEALCCROWEDDDANGEROUS37ACALMLYBEVENTUALLYCIMMEDIATELYDREPEATEDLY38ASEARCHBPASSCLEAVEDATTACK39AAWAREBCONFIDENTCDETERMINEDDSATISFIED40ARESPONSIBILITIESBREQUIREMENTSCCIRCUMSTANCESDCONDITIONS41AMEANWHILEBTHEREFORECMOREOVERDHOWEVER42AWINDSBSNOWSCWOODSDTRAILS43ANOTHINGBMORNINGCQUARRELLINGDSHAKING44AAFTERBBEYONDCDURINGDBETWEEN45ALIVEONBHANDOUTCGIVEAWAYDPUTASIDE46ARAISEDBPOSTEDCEARNEDDBORROWED47AIMAGEBFAMILYCCAREERDBUSINESS48ADECLINEDBEXPANDEDCFAILEDDSTARTED49ACAMPBHOUSECPARKDTRUCK50ADESPERATEBREADYCSUITABLEDTHANKFUL【答案】31B32B33A34A35D36C37C38C39B40A41D42A43D44C45A46C47B48C49D50D【解析】本篇完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了一个家庭生意失败之后重新开始的故事。文章通过这个故事阐明一个道理我们在追寻事业成功的时候，可能会失去家庭，因此我们要学会兼顾我们的事业和家庭。31考查名词。从后文WEENTEREDTHEPARK可知，应该是在公园门口（ENTRANCE，故选B。32考查动词。从前文WHENOURRESTAURANTBUSINESSFAILED和HOPINGTOHAVEA“FRESHSTART”可知，作者是在寻找工作，注意到一个招聘广告，符合语境，故选NOTICED。33考查名词。后文提到ARENTFREEPLACE，可知CAMPSITE是免费的（FREE，故选FREE。34考查介词短语。A项INRETURN作为回报；B项INTURN反过来，反之；C项缩短；D项及时。根据填空处前文句可知要取得这个工作，需要做公园主持人来作为回报，故选INTURN35考查名词。AATTEMPT尝试；BAPPEAL吸引；CAGREEMENT同意，协议；DAPPOINTMENT约定，预约。前文知道作者看到招聘广告，明天预约（MAKEANAPPOINTMENT应聘，符合语境，应选APPOINTMENT。36考查形容词。AQUIET安静的；BIDEAL理想的；CCROWDED拥挤的；DDANGEROUS根据后文SOITTOOKUSSOMETIMETOFINDANAVAILABLESITE,可知人多很难找住的位置，所以选CROWDED37考查副词。文中提到TWOLARGESKUNKS（臭鼬）,所以马上躲避。故选IMMEDIATELY。38考查动词。由上文立即躲避臭鼬，可知他们很希望它尽快离开，故选LEAVE。39考查形容词。由前文HAVINGSURVIVEDTHATNIGHT,可知他们对于后面的时间有了自信，故选CONFIDENT。40考查名词。由前文IMADEANAPPOINTMENTFORTHEFOLLOWINGDAY和THENEXTDAYWEMETWITHTHEPEOPLEWHORANTHEPARK可知他们去应聘了，管理人员告诉他们职位的职责，符合语境，故选RESPONSIBILITIES41考查连词。由前文EVERYTHINGELSEWOULDBEALLRIGHT和后文ROCKINGOURLITTLECAMPINGTRUCKVIOLENTLYUNTILTHEWINDSDIEDAWAY可知，前后情况是一种相反的场景，故选转折连词HOWEVER42考查了名词。由后文THEYWERESTRONGANDCOLD,ROCKINGOURLITTLECAMPINGTRUCKVIOLENTLYUNTILTHEWINDSDIEDAWAY,可知是WIND复现，故选WINDS43考查动词。由前文ROCKINGOURLITTLECAMPINGTRUCKVIOLENTLY可知卡车（TRUCK）在摇动SHAKE），故选SHAKING44考查介词。AAFTER在之后BBEYOND超越范围；CDURING在期间；DBETWEEN在两者之间，应该是指后续的几周期间，故选DURING。45考查动词短语。ALIVEON靠生活以为食BHANDOUT分发；GIVEAWAY捐赠，泄露；PUTASIDE存储，留出，搁置46考查动词。根据上文，生意失败，所以作者的妻子要靠教书来挣钱，故选EARNED。47考查名词。根据后文IMIGHTLOSEMYFAMILYASWELL和BUILDINGASUCCESSFULBUSINESSANDTHENLOSINGIT看出作者留给家的时间很少，复现，故选FAMILY。48考查动词。根据文章第一段第一句WHENOURRESTAURANTBUSINESSFAILED可知，填FAILED,复现。49考查名词。由文章第五段OURLITTLECAMPINGTRUCK，可知填TRUCK,TINY是SMALL的同义替换，考查复现。50考查形容词。由前文可知作者找到工作和后文WEHADBECOMEAFAMILY可知，作者工作、家庭都有收获，所以作者感激，故选THANKFUL【难度说明】中等。第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABEFOREIHADMYSON,ISPENTTWOYEARSWORKINGWITHCHILDRENWITHDISABILITIESILEARNEDTHATSHOUTINGANDTHREATSOFPUNISHMENTWOULDRESULTINADISASTERCOMINGUPAGAINSTTHEIRBEHAVIOURCOULDONLYMAKETHEJOBHARDERANDTHEIRBEHAVIOURMOREEXTREMEIFOUNDSOMETHINGTHATWORKED,THOUGHTHEREWASAVERYNAUGHTYBOYINTHENURSERYANDATEACHERWHOWASGENERALLYVERYCONFIDENTWITHTHECHILDRENWASASKEDTOTAKECHARGEOFHIMONEDAYTHEBOYJOINEDASESSIONINTHEROOMNEXTTOMINEHISAPPEARANCECREATEDANATMOSPHEREOFTENSIONHESPENTTHEENTIRESESSIONRUNNINGAROUND,HITTINGANDKICKING,ANDDESTROYINGPROPERTYIWASINTHECRAFTROOMWORKINGWITHSOMEOTHERCHILDRENWHENMYCOWORKERTOLDMETHATTHISBOYSTEACHERWASINTEARS,ANDCOULDNOTGETCONTROLOFTHESITUATIONASWEWERETALKING,THEBOYRANINITOLDMYCOWORKERTHATIWOULDTAKECAREOFHIMICLOSEDTHEDOORHEWASFULLOFENERGY,THROWINGTHINGSAROUNDANDMAKINGAHUGEMESSBUTICOULDSEETHATHEWASDOINGALLTHESETOANNOYMEHENEEDEDCONNECTION,ANDTHISWASTHEONLYWAYHEKNEWHOWTOASKFORITSOISATBACKDOWNANDKEPTQUIETTHENHESLOWEDDOWNANDBEGANMAKINGAROCKETITALKEDTOHIMABOUTITWECONTINUEDLIKETHISFORAFEWMINUTESBEFOREISLIPPEDINTOTHECONVERSATION“SOWHATHAPPENEDTODAY”ITWASPURELYAQUESTION,NOBLAMEORANGERINMYTONEIBELIEVETHATIFIHADCRITICIZEDHIM,THEGATETHATWASSLOWLYOPENINGWOULDHAVESHUTFIRMLYCLOSEDHETOLDMETHATTHETEACHERDIDNTLETHIMDOWHATHEKNEWWELLDUETOSAFETYBUTASKEDHIMTODOWHATHEDISLIKEDHEALSOADMITTEDTHATHEHADENJOYEDMAKINGHERRUNAROUNDANDSAWITASAGAMEIEXPLAINEDTHATHISTEACHERHADNOTSEENITASAGAMEANDWASVERYUPSETTHISAGAINWASSTATEDSIMPLYASAFACTISUGGESTEDTHATNEXTTIMEHEHADASESSION,HETALKABOUTWHATHEHOPEDTODOATTHESTART,WHICHMIGHTBEEASIERFOREVERYONEHEAGREEDANDWASQUIETFORAMOMENTTHENHELOOKEDATMEWITHTEARSINHISEYESBEFOREQUIETLYASKINGIFHECOULDGOTOFINDHISTEACHERTOAPOLOGIZE51THEBOYMADETROUBLEFORHISTEACHERBECAUSEHE_AWASBLAMEDFORCREATINGANAIROFTENSIONBWASMADETODOTHINGSAGAINSTHISWILLCWASTOLDNOTTOYELLATOTHERCHILDRENDWASACCUSEDOFDESTROYINGPROPERTY【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据题干要求THEBOYMADETROUBLEFORHISTEACHERBECAUSEHE_可以定位文中最后一段HETOLDMETHATTHETEACHERDIDNTLETHIMDOWHATHEKNEWWELLDUETOSAFETYBUTASKEDHIMTODOWHATHEDISLIKED因此，选BWASMADETODOTHINGSAGAINSTHISWILL。答案在文中较后面的部分，考生容易受到前面文章内容的影响【难度说明】难52WHYDIDNTTHEAUTHORDOANYTHINGABOUTTHEBOYSBADBEHAVIORATFIRSTASHEHADNTTHOUGHTOFACOPINGSTRATEGYBSHEWASTIREDOFSHOUTINGANDTHREATSCSHEDIDNTMINDTHEHUGEMESSATALLDSHEDIDNTWANTTOMAKEITWORSE【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行为答案可定位至第四段第二至三行BUTICOULDSEETHATHEWASDOINGALLTHESETOANNOYMEHENEEDEDCONNECTION,ANDTHISWASTHEONLYWAYHEKNEWHOWTOASKFORITSOISATBACKDOWNANDKEPTQUIET可得出答案为DSHEDIDNTWANTTOMAKEITWORSE同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句ILEARNEDTHATSHOUTINGANDTHREATSOFPUNISHMENTWOULDRESULTINADISASTER相对应。【难度说明】中等53THEAUTHORMANAGEDTOGETTHEBOYTOTALKTOHERBY_AAVOIDINGMAKINGCRITICALREMARKSBDESCRIBINGHISTEACHERSFEELINGSCGIVINGHIMAGOODSUGGESTIONDPLAYINGGAMESWITHHIM【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者通过什么方式使得男孩愿意交流自己的想法文章第六段的第二句句给出了答案IBELIEVETHATIFIHADCRITICIZEDHIM,THEGATETHATWASSLOWLYOPENINGWOULDHAVESHUTFIRMLYCLOSED答案为A项AVOIDINGMAKINGCRITICALREMARKS【难度说明】中等54WHYDIDTHEBOYHAVETEARSINHISEYESINTHEENDAHEWASSADFORTHEAUTHORSMISUNDERSTANDINGBHEWASFEARFULOFTHEAUTHORSWARNINGCHEWASREGRETFULABOUTHISBEHAVIORDHEWASSORRYABOUTHISREPUTATION【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。题干意思为为什么这个男孩最后哭了。根据文章最后一段最后一句THENHELOOKEDATMEWITHTEARSINHISEYESBEFOREQUIETLYASKINGIFHECOULDGOTOFINDHISTEACHERTOAPOLOGIZE可知男孩要向老师道歉，因此为自己之前的行为感到后悔，所以答案为CHEWASREGRETFULABOUTHISBEHAVIOR【难度说明】简单BLONDONSNEWESTSKYSCRAPER摩天大楼ISCALLEDTHESHARDANDITCOSTABOUT430MILLIONPOUNDSTOBUILDATAHEIGHTOFALMOST310METRES,ITISTHETALLESTBUILDINGINEUROPETHESHARDHASCOMPLETELYCHANGEDTHEAPPEARANCEOFLONDONHOWEVER,NOTEVERYONETHINKSTHATITISACHANGEFORTHEBETTERTHESHARDWASDESIGNEDBYTHEFAMOUSITALIANARCHITECTRENZOPIANOWHENHEBEGANDESIGNINGTHESHARDFORLONDON,PIANOWANTEDAVERYTALLBUILDINGTHATLOOKEDLIKEASPIRE尖顶HEWANTEDTHEGLASSSURFACESTOREFLECTTHESKYANDTHECITYTHESIDESOFTHEBUILDINGARENTREGULARSOTHEBUILDINGHASANUNUSUALSHAPEITLOOKSLIKEAVERYTHIN,SHARPPIECEOFBROKENGLASSANDTHATISHOWTHEBUILDINGGOTTHENAMETHESHARDPIANOSAYSTHATTHESPIRESHAPEOFTHESHARDISPARTOFAGREATLONDONTRADITIONTHESHAPEREMINDSHIMOFTHESPIRESOFTHECHURCHESOFLONDONORTHETALLMASTS桅杆OFTHESHIPSTHATWEREONCEONTHERIVERTHAMESTHESHARDHAS87FLOORSATTHETOP,THEREISANOBSERVATORYATTHEMOMENTTHEBUILDINGISEMPTY,BUTEVENTUALLYTHEREWILLBEAFIVESTARHOTELTHEREWILLALSOBETOPQUALITYRESTAURANTS,APARTMENTSANDOFFICESBEFOREBUILDINGWORKBEGAN,ALOTOFPEOPLEDIDNTWANTTHESHARDTHOUGHTHEPLANSWEREAPPROVEDNOWTHEYARESTILLUNHAPPYABOUTTHESHARDSOMECRITICSSAYTHATSUCHATALLSKYSCRAPERMIGHTBEGOODINACITYLIKENEWYORK,BUTNOTINLONDONTHEYSAYTHATTHEBESTTHINGABOUTTHESHARDISITSSPIRESHAPEBUTTHATISTHEONLYTHINGTHEREISNODECORATION,ONLYFLATSURFACESTHEEGYPTIANSDIDTHAT4,500YEARSAGOTHEYALSOTHINKTHESHARDISTOOBIGFORLONDONITDESTROYSTHEBEAUTYOFTHECITYOTHERCRITICSDONTLIKEWHATTHESHARDSEEMSTOREPRESENTTHEYSAYTHATTHESHARDSHOWSHOWLONDONISBECOMINGMOREUNEQUALONLYVERYRICHPEOPLECANAFFORDTOBUYTHEEXPENSIVEPRIVATEAPARTMENTSANDSTAYINTHEHOTELBUTTHEPEOPLEWHOLIVENEARTHESHARDAREAMONGTHEPOORESTINLONDONSOTHESHARDSEEMSASYMBOLOFTHEDIVISIONINSOCIETYBETWEENTHEVERYRICHANDTHEPOORTHESHARDNOWDOMINATESTHELONDONSKYLINEITISNOTCERTAIN,HOWEVER,THATORDINARYLONDONCITIZENSWILLEVERACCEPTITASAVALUABLEADDITIONTOTHECITY55LONDONSNEWESTSKYSCRAPERISCALLEDTHESHARDBECAUSEOF_AITSCOSTBITSSIZECITSSHAPEDITSHEIGHT【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干为什么伦敦这个新的摩天大楼被叫做SHARD。我们可以将答案定位至第二段第四排到第五排内容SOTHEBUILDINGHASANUNUSUALSHAPEITLOOKSLIKEAVERYTHIN,SHARPPIECEOFBROKENGLASSANDTHATISHOWTHEBUILDINGGOTTHENAMESHARD可以得知答案为C项。【难度说明】简单56WHENHEDESIGNEDTHESHARD,PIANOWANTEDITTO_ACHANGELONDONSSKYLINEBINHERITLONDONSTRADITIONCIMITATETHEEGYPTIANSTYLEDATTRACTPOTENTIALVISITORS【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。题干问及PIANO设计这座大楼的设计理念，可以定位到第二段的倒数第二句话PIANOSAYSTHATTHESPIRESHAPEOFTHESHARDISPARTOFAGREATLONDONTRADITION所以答案为B项INHERITLONDONSTRADITION。【难度说明】简单57THECRITICSWHOREFERTOSOCIALDIVISIONTHINKTHESHARD_AISONLYPREFERREDBYTHERICHBISFARAWAYFROMTHEPOORAREACISINTENDEDFORWEALTHYPEOPLEDISPOPULARONLYWITHLONDONERS【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干为什么批评者认为SHARD造成了社会（贫富）分离，可以定位到第三句ONLYVERYRICHPEOPLECANAFFORDTOBUYTHEEXPENSIVEPRIVATEAPARTMENTSANDSTAYINTHEHOTEL所以答案为C项ISINTENDEDFORWEALTHYPEOPLE【难度说明】中等58WHICHWOULDBETHEBESTTITLEFORTHEPASSAGEATHESHARDCHEERSANDCLAPSBTHESHARDWORKOFAGREATARCHITECTCTHESHARDNEWSYMBOLOFLONDONDTHESHARDACHANGEFORTHEBETTER【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑。因此答案选DTHESHARDACHANGEFORTHEBETTER【难度说明】中等CWORKINGWITHAGROUPOFBABOONS狒狒INTHENAMIBIANDESERT,DRALECIACARTEROFTHEDEPARTMENTOFZOOLOGY,CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYSETBABOONSLEARNINGTASKSINVOLVINGANOVELFOODANDAFAMILIARFOODHIDDENINABOXSOMEBABOONSWEREGIVENTHECHANCETOWATCHANOTHERBABOONWHOALREADYKNEWHOWTOSOLVETHETASK,WHILEOTHERSHADTOLEARNFORTHEMSELVESTOWORKOUTHOWBRAVEORANXIOUSTHEBABOONSWERE,DRCARTERPRESENTEDTHEMEITHERWITHANOVELFOODORATHREATINTHEFORMOFAMODELOFAPOISONOUSSNAKESHEFOUNDTHATPERSONALITYHADAMAJORIMPACTONLEARNINGTHEBRAVERBABOONSLEARNT,BUTTHESHYONESDIDNOTLEARNTHETASKALTHOUGHTHEYWATCHEDTHEBABOONPERFORMTHETASKOFFINDINGTHENOVELFOODJUSTASLONGASTHEBRAVEONESDIDINEFFECT,DESPITEBEINGMADEAWAREOFWHATTODO,THEYWERESTILLTOOSHYTODOWHATTHEEXPERIENCEDBABOONDIDTHESAMEHELDTRUEFORANXIOUSBABOONSCOMPAREDWITHCALMONESTHEANXIOUSINDIVIDUALSLEARNTTHETASKBYOBSERVINGOTHERSWHILETHOSEWHOWERERELAXEDDIDNOT,EVENTHOUGHTHEYSPENTMORETIMEWATCHINGTHISMISMATCHBETWEENCOLLECTINGSOCIALINFORMATIONANDUSINGITSHOWSTHATPERSONALITYPLAYSAKEYROLEINSOCIALLEARNINGINANIMALS,SOMETHINGTHATHASPREVIOUSLYBEENIGNOREDINSTUDIESONHOWANIMALSLEARNTODOTHINGSTHEFINDINGSARESIGNIFICANTBECAUSETHEYSUGGESTTHATANIMALSMAYPERFORMPOORLYINCOGNITIVE认知的TASKSNOTBECAUSETHEYARENTCLEVERENOUGHTOSOLVETHEM,BUTBECAUSETHEYARETOOSHYORNERVOUSTOUSETHESOCIALINFORMATIONTHEFINDINGSMAYIMPACTHOWWEUNDERSTANDTHEFORMATIONOFCULTUREINSOCIETIESTHROUGHSOCIALLEARNINGIFSOMEINDIVIDUALSAREUNABLETOGETINFORMATIONFROMOTHERSBECAUSETHEYDONTASSOCIATEWITHTHEKNOWLEDGEABLEINDIVIDUALS,ORTHEYARETOOSHYTOUSETHEINFORMATIONONCETHEYHAVEIT,INFORMATIONMAYNOTTRAVELBETWEENALLGROUPMEMBERS,PREVENTINGTHEFORMATIONOFACULTUREBASEDONSOCIALLEARNING59WHATISTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPHMAINLYABOUTATHESIGNIFICANCEOFDRCARTERSRESEARCHBTHEPURPOSEOFDRCARTERSRESEARCHCTHEDESIGNOFDRCARTERSRESEARCHDTHERESULTSOFDRCARTERSRESEARCH【答案】C【解析】段落大意题。通过第一段最后一句DRCARTERPRESENTEDTHEMEITHERWITHANOVELFOODORATHREATINTHEFORMOFAMODELOFAPOISONOUSSNAKE等细节可知，第一段主要论述了DRCARTER进行研究的设计，所以答案选CTHEDESIGNOFDRCARTERSRESEARCH【难度说明】中等60ACCORDINGTOTHERESEARCH,WHICHBABOONSAREMORELIKELYTOCOMPLETEANEWLEARNINGTASKATHOSETHATFEELANXIOUSABOUTLEARNINGBTHOSETHATLIKETOWORKINDEPENDENTLYCTHOSETHATCANAVOIDPOTENTIALRISKSDTHOSETHATHAVEMOREEXPERIENCE【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。通过第三段第二句THEANXIOUSINDIVIDUALSLEARNTTHETASKBYOBSERVINGOTHERSWHILETHOSEWHOWERERELAXEDDIDNOT,EVENTHOUGHTHEYSPENTMORETIMEWATCHING可知，答案选ATHOSETHATFEELANXIOUSABOUTLEARNING【难度说明】中等61WHICHBESTILLUSTRATESTHE“MISMATCH”MENTIONEDINPARAGRAPH4ASOMEBABOONSPERFORMNEWTASKSBUTDONTCONCENTRATEBSOMEBABOONSOBSERVEOTHERSBUTDONTFOLLOWTHEMCSOMEBABOONSARESHYBUTACTIVEINSOCIALACTIVITIESDSOMEBABOONSAREINTELLIGENTBUTSLOWINLEARNING【答案】B【解析】猜词题。通过第四段第一句THISMISMATCH，得知，这种MISMATCH的行为应在上文第三段已经提及，因此可以定位到第三段THEANXIOUSINDIVIDUALSLEARNTTHETASKBYOBSERVINGOTHERSWHILETHOSEWHOWERERELAXEDDIDNOT,EVENTHOUGHTHEYSPENTMORETIMEWATCHING所以答案选BSOMEBABOONSOBSERVEOTHERSBUTDONTFOLLOWTHE