化工部化工无泄漏工厂

MANIPULATORISNOWUSEDASAINDUSTRIALROBOTSINUSE,THECONTROLOBJECTIVESOFTENAPPEAROFTENININDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYHASGRADUALLYMATURED,ASMATUREATECHNOLOGYLINEHASBEENRAPIDDEVELOPMENTININDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONASASEPARATESUBJECTMANIPULATORAPPLICATIONBEGANTOFILTERINTOWELDING,LOGISTICS,MECHANICALPROCESSING,ANDOTHERINDUSTRIESESPECIALLYATHIGHORVERYLOWTEMPERATURES,FULLOFPOISONOUSGASES,HIGHRADIATIONCASE,ROBOTINSIMILARCIRCUMSTANCESSHOWEDGREATUSEALSOBRINGSGREATCONVENIENCETOTHESTAFFPRECISELYBECAUSEOFTHISROBOTTOGETPEOPLESATTENTIONBEGANTOBEAHIGHDEGREEOFDEVELOPMENTLABORRATES,WORKINGCONDITIONS,LABORINTENSIVEASPECTSOFPROMOTINGDEVELOPMENTBOTHATHOMEANDABROADTODEVELOPTHEPLCPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERISINVARIOUSSPECIALCIRCUMSTANCESANDUNDERSPECIALCONDITIONSSETFORMECHANICALDEVICESNOWTURNEDONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMICROELECTRONICSAUTOMATICCONTROLTECHNOLOGYANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHETRAINS,THESUCCESSOFPLCHARDWARESOFTWAREANDSIMULATIONCONTROLWINBIGANDSUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENT,NOWCONTINUESTODEVELOPASAFACTORYAUTOMATIONSTANDARDSBECAUSEROBOTSAREGOODDEVELOPMENTOFTHETECHNOLOGYMAKESAGOODOPTIMIZATIONOFPRODUCTIVECAPITAL,ANDROBOTSHOWSTHISUNIQUEADVANTAGES,SUCHASHASGOODCOMPATIBILITY,WIDEAVAILABILITY,HARDWAREISCOMPLETE,ANDPROGRAMMINGTHATCANBEMASTEREDINASHORTTIME,SOINTHECONTEXTOFINDUSTRIALPLCAPPLICATIONSBECAMEUBIQUITOUSMANIPULATORINMANYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYAGRICULTUREANDINDUSTRYHASBEENAPPLIED,SUCHASTHEUSEOFMECHANICALHARVESTINGLARGEAREASOFFARMLAND,REPEATEDOPERATIONSONTHEHIGHSPEEDLINETHATUSESAROBOTICARM,ANDSOONTODAY,THEHIGHLEVELOFAUTOMATIONCOMBINEDWITHRESTRICTIONSONTHEMANIPULATORDEVELOPMENTLEVELISSLIGHTLYLOWERTHANTHEINTERNATIONALTHEDESIGNISMAINLYARMWELDINGMACHINEBYPLCAUTOMATIONCONTROLTHISOFDESIGNLETDESIGNERSONINSCHOOLBYLEARNOFHASAMUSTOFCONSOLIDATION,UNDERSTANDHASSOMEUSUALLYDIDNTOPPORTUNITIESAWARENESSINWORLDRANGEWITHINSOMELEADINGLEVELOFKNOWLEDGEHASHASMUSTAWARENESS,HOPEDESIGNERSCANINYIHOUOFDESIGNINTHECANSUCCESSOFUSINGINTHISDESIGNINTHEPROCEEDSOFEXPERIENCE12MANIPULATORINBOTHATHOMEANDABROADOFRESEARCHPROFILEAUTOMATIONMECHANICALARMRESEARCHBEGANYU20THCENTURYMEDIUMTERM,AFTERYEARSWITHWITHCOMPUTERANDAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYOFDEVELOPMENT,MAKESMECHANICALARMONTHEGRANDSTAGEOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONANDSHINE,GRADUALLYBECAMEANINDUSTRIALEVALUATIONSTANDARDS,ANDITSIMPORTANCECANBESEENNOWORIGINALROBOTICARMSPENTMOSTOFMASSPRODUCTIONANDUSEONTHEPRODUCTIONLINE,WHICHISPROGRAMMEDROBOTICARMASTHEFIRSTGENERATIONOFMANIPULATORPOSITIONCONTROLSYSTEMSMAINFEATURES,ALTHOUGHNOTBACKSEVERALGENERATIONSTHATCANDETECTTHEEXTERNALENVIRONMENT,BUTCANSTILLSUCCESSFULLYCOMPLETELIKEWELDING,PAINTING,DELIVERYASWELLASFORMATERIALSSIMPLEMOVEMENTSSECONDGENERATIONMECHANICALARMSAREEQUIPPEDWITHSENSORSANDMANIPULATORSHAVETHEENVIRONMENTTHEREISACERTAINAMOUNTOF“SENSE“,WHENTHEMECHANICALARMISTOUSETHEPROGRAMASABASISDIFFERENCEISTHATTHEROBOTBEGANDMANIPULATORCONTROLMODEANDPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSINTRODUCTION21SELECTDISCUSSIONWITHMANIPULATORCONTROL211CLASSIFICATIONOFCONTROLRELAYSANDDISCRETEELECTRONICCIRCUITCANCONTROLOLDINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENT,BUTALSOMORECOMMONMAINLYTHESETWORELATIVELYCHEAPANDYOUCANMEETTHEOLDFASHIONED,SIMPLEORSIMPLEINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENTSOHECANSEETHEMNOW,HOWEVERTHESETWOCONTROLMODESRELAYANDDISCRETEELECTRONICCIRCUITSARETHESEFATALFLAWS1CANNOTADAPTTOTHECOMPLEXLOGICCONTROL,2ONLYFORTHECURRENTPROJECT,THELACKOFCOMPATIBILITYAND3NOTREFORMINGTHESYSTEMWITHEQUIPMENTIMPROVEMENTSSPRINGFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASMODERNINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYTHESUBSTANTIALINCREASEINTHELEVELOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATION,COMPLETEDTHEPERFECTRELAYOFTHECOMPUTERTOOMUCHINTERMSOFCONTROLLINGTHECOMPUTERSHOWEDHISTWOGREATADVANTAGES1EACHOFTHEHARDWARECANBEINSTALLEDONONEORMOREMICROPROCESSORS2THEOFFICIALDESIGNEROFTHESOFTWAREWRITINGCONTENTCONTROLISALLABOUTNOWINSEVERALWAYSINTHECONTEXTOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONCANOFTENBESEENINTHREEWAYS1PROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERREFERREDTOASIPC2DISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMDCSFORSHORT,AND3THEPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERPLCFORSHORT212PLCANDTHEIPCANDDCSCONTRASTCONTRAST1,EACHOFTHETHREETECHNOLOGIESOFORIGINSANDDEVELOPMENTREQUIREMENTSFORFASTDATAPROCESSINGMAKESITINVENTEDTHECOMPUTERTHEMENBROUGHTINTERMSOFHARDWARETHERE,USINGAHIGHLEVELOFSTANDARDIZATION,CANUSEMORECOMPATIBILITYTOOLS,ISARICHSOFTWARERESOURCES,ESPECIALLYTHENEEDFORIMMEDIACYINOPERATIONALSYSTEMSSOTHECOMPUTERCANEFFECTIVELYCONTROLISUSEDTOCONTROLANDMEETITSSPEED,ONTHEVIRTUALMODEL,REALTIMEANDINCOMPUTATIONALREQUIREMENTSDISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMSTARTEDWITHACONTROLSYSTEMFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATICINSTRUMENTUSEDTOCONTROL,WHEREASNOWITISSUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPEDINTOINDUSTRIALCONTROLCOMPUTERUSEDASACENTRALCOLLECTIONANDDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMANDTRANSITIONOFDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMINANALOGUEHANDLING,LOOPCONTROL,HASBEGUNTOREFLECTTHEUSEOFAHUGEADVANTAGETHOUGHDISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMHASGREATADVANTAGESINLOOPREGULATION,BUTONLYASAMEANSOFCONTINUOUSPROCESSCONTROLOPTIMIZATIONOFPLCISTHECORRESPONDINGRELAYNEEDSWASBORN,ITSMAINUSEINTHEWORKORDERCONTROL,EARLYPRIMARYISREPLACEDRELAYTHISHULKINGSYSTEM,FOCUSEDONTHESWITCHCONTROLLINGTHERUNNINGORDEROFFUNCTIONSMARKEDBYTHEMICROPROCESSORINTHEEARLY1970OFTHE20THCENTURYEMERGED,MICROELECTRONICSTECHNOLOGYHASDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,PEOPLESOONMICROELECTRONICSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYWILLBEUSEDINTHEPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERTHATIS化工部化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂、六好企业标准及验收办法（年月日以（）化生字第号文发布）化工企业经过全面整顿，在五项整顿工作验收合格后，要进一步开展创建化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂和六好企业的活动。其关系是，六好企业必须是清洁文明工厂，清洁文明工厂必须是无泄漏工厂。根据化工企业的特点和整顿工作的实践，部地化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂和六好企业的标准与验收办法统一作了修订，现印发化工系统试行。一、化工无泄漏工厂标准认真贯彻化工机动工作管理条例，有健全的设备管理制度。静密封点泄漏率经常保持在万分之五以下。全部设备完好率保持在百分之九十以上，七十年代以后引进的装置设备完好率在百分之九十五以上。密封点统计要准确无误，密封档案齐全，并建立密封管理专责制。二、化工清洁文明工厂标准达到无泄漏工厂要求。凡是目前国内技术上可行，经济上合理，能成功地回收利用的各种“三废”资源和余热，其利用率要达到百分之七十以上。排放的“三废”，已采取措施进行处理，符合国家排放标准。厂房内外、厂区和生活区大气中的有害物质和粉尘含量符合工业企业设计卫生标准。噪声大的生产设备和工艺，采取了消声或隔音装置，车间和作业场所的工作地点的噪音符合工业企业噪音卫生标准。厂容厂貌整齐、清洁、卫生、消除了脏、乱、差，并坚持经常。厂区内绿化面积已占可绿化面积的百分之七十以上。马路无堆物，地面无垃圾，卫生无死角。生产场所做到沟见底，轴见光，设备见本色。办公地点及生活福利场所做到窗明、几净、地面光，摆设整齐，用具清洁，环境美。三、化工六好企业标准（一）三者兼顾好全面完成国家计划，对国家的贡献比较大。建立了比较完美的经济责任制，把企业对国家承担的经济责任按照责、权、利相结合的原则落实到车间、班组和个人，并有严格的考核办法。在保证国家增收的前提下，实现企业多留、个人多得。在奖金分配上，较好地实行按劳分配的原则，打破了平均主义和吃“大锅饭”现象。奖金发放严格执行国家规定。认真执行经济合同。（二）产品质量好全面质量管理有显著成效，产品质量不断提高。主要产品质量达到或接近国内外MANIPULATORISNOWUSEDASAINDUSTRIALROBOTSINUSE,THECONTROLOBJECTIVESOFTENAPPEAROFTENININDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYHASGRADUALLYMATURED,ASMATUREATECHNOLOGYLINEHASBEENRAPIDDEVELOPMENTININDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONASASEPARATESUBJECTMANIPULATORAPPLICATIONBEGANTOFILTERINTOWELDING,LOGISTICS,MECHANICALPROCESSING,ANDOTHERINDUSTRIESESPECIALLYATHIGHORVERYLOWTEMPERATURES,FULLOFPOISONOUSGASES,HIGHRADIATIONCASE,ROBOTINSIMILARCIRCUMSTANCESSHOWEDGREATUSEALSOBRINGSGREATCONVENIENCETOTHESTAFFPRECISELYBECAUSEOFTHISROBOTTOGETPEOPLESATTENTIONBEGANTOBEAHIGHDEGREEOFDEVELOPMENTLABORRATES,WORKINGCONDITIONS,LABORINTENSIVEASPECTSOFPROMOTINGDEVELOPMENTBOTHATHOMEANDABROADTODEVELOPTHEPLCPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERISINVARIOUSSPECIALCIRCUMSTANCESANDUNDERSPECIALCONDITIONSSETFORMECHANICALDEVICESNOWTURNEDONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMICROELECTRONICSAUTOMATICCONTROLTECHNOLOGYANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHETRAINS,THESUCCESSOFPLCHARDWARESOFTWAREANDSIMULATIONCONTROLWINBIGANDSUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENT,NOWCONTINUESTODEVELOPASAFACTORYAUTOMATIONSTANDARDSBECAUSEROBOTSAREGOODDEVELOPMENTOFTHETECHNOLOGYMAKESAGOODOPTIMIZATIONOFPRODUCTIVECAPITAL,ANDROBOTSHOWSTHISUNIQUEADVANTAGES,SUCHASHASGOODCOMPATIBILITY,WIDEAVAILABILITY,HARDWAREISCOMPLETE,ANDPROGRAMMINGTHATCANBEMASTEREDINASHORTTIME,SOINTHECONTEXTOFINDUSTRIALPLCAPPLICATIONSBECAMEUBIQUITOUSMANIPULATORINMANYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYAGRICULTUREANDINDUSTRYHASBEENAPPLIED,SUCHASTHEUSEOFMECHANICALHARVESTINGLARGEAREASOFFARMLAND,REPEATEDOPERATIONSONTHEHIGHSPEEDLINETHATUSESAROBOTICARM,ANDSOONTODAY,THEHIGHLEVELOFAUTOMATIONCOMBINEDWITHRESTRICTIONSONTHEMANIPULATORDEVELOPMENTLEVELISSLIGHTLYLOWERTHANTHEINTERNATIONALTHEDESIGNISMAINLYARMWELDINGMACHINEBYPLCAUTOMATIONCONTROLTHISOFDESIGNLETDESIGNERSONINSCHOOLBYLEARNOFHASAMUSTOFCONSOLIDATION,UNDERSTANDHASSOMEUSUALLYDIDNTOPPORTUNITIESAWARENESSINWORLDRANGEWITHINSOMELEADINGLEVELOFKNOWLEDGEHASHASMUSTAWARENESS,HOPEDESIGNERSCANINYIHOUOFDESIGNINTHECANSUCCESSOFUSINGINTHISDESIGNINTHEPROCEEDSOFEXPERIENCE12MANIPULATORINBOTHATHOMEANDABROADOFRESEARCHPROFILEAUTOMATIONMECHANICALARMRESEARCHBEGANYU20THCENTURYMEDIUMTERM,AFTERYEARSWITHWITHCOMPUTERANDAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYOFDEVELOPMENT,MAKESMECHANICALARMONTHEGRANDSTAGEOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONANDSHINE,GRADUALLYBECAMEANINDUSTRIALEVALUATIONSTANDARDS,ANDITSIMPORTANCECANBESEENNOWORIGINALROBOTICARMSPENTMOSTOFMASSPRODUCTIONANDUSEONTHEPRODUCTIONLINE,WHICHISPROGRAMMEDROBOTICARMASTHEFIRSTGENERATIONOFMANIPULATORPOSITIONCONTROLSYSTEMSMAINFEATURES,ALTHOUGHNOTBACKSEVERALGENERATIONSTHATCANDETECTTHEEXTERNALENVIRONMENT,BUTCANSTILLSUCCESSFULLYCOMPLETELIKEWELDING,PAINTING,DELIVERYASWELLASFORMATERIALSSIMPLEMOVEMENTSSECONDGENERATIONMECHANICALARMSAREEQUIPPEDWITHSENSORSANDMANIPULATORSHAVETHEENVIRONMENTTHEREISACERTAINAMOUNTOF“SENSE“,WHENTHEMECHANICALARMISTOUSETHEPROGRAMASABASISDIFFERENCEISTHATTHEROBOTBEGANDMANIPULATORCONTROLMODEANDPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSINTRODUCTION21SELECTDISCUSSIONWITHMANIPULATORCONTROL211CLASSIFICATIONOFCONTROLRELAYSANDDISCRETEELECTRONICCIRCUITCANCONTROLOLDINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENT,BUTALSOMORECOMMONMAINLYTHESETWORELATIVELYCHEAPANDYOUCANMEETTHEOLDFASHIONED,SIMPLEORSIMPLEINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENTSOHECANSEETHEMNOW,HOWEVERTHESETWOCONTROLMODESRELAYANDDISCRETEELECTRONICCIRCUITSARETHESEFATALFLAWS1CANNOTADAPTTOTHECOMPLEXLOGICCONTROL,2ONLYFORTHECURRENTPROJECT,THELACKOFCOMPATIBILITYAND3NOTREFORMINGTHESYSTEMWITHEQUIPMENTIMPROVEMENTSSPRINGFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASMODERNINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYTHESUBSTANTIALINCREASEINTHELEVELOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATION,COMPLETEDTHEPERFECTRELAYOFTHECOMPUTERTOOMUCHINTERMSOFCONTROLLINGTHECOMPUTERSHOWEDHISTWOGREATADVANTAGES1EACHOFTHEHARDWARECANBEINSTALLEDONONEORMOREMICROPROCESSORS2THEOFFICIALDESIGNEROFTHESOFTWAREWRITINGCONTENTCONTROLISALLABOUTNOWINSEVERALWAYSINTHECONTEXTOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONCANOFTENBESEENINTHREEWAYS1PROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERREFERREDTOASIPC2DISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMDCSFORSHORT,AND3THEPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERPLCFORSHORT212PLCANDTHEIPCANDDCSCONTRASTCONTRAST1,EACHOFTHETHREETECHNOLOGIESOFORIGINSANDDEVELOPMENTREQUIREMENTSFORFASTDATAPROCESSINGMAKESITINVENTEDTHECOMPUTERTHEMENBROUGHTINTERMSOFHARDWARETHERE,USINGAHIGHLEVELOFSTANDARDIZATION,CANUSEMORECOMPATIBILITYTOOLS,ISARICHSOFTWARERESOURCES,ESPECIALLYTHENEEDFORIMMEDIACYINOPERATIONALSYSTEMSSOTHECOMPUTERCANEFFECTIVELYCONTROLISUSEDTOCONTROLANDMEETITSSPEED,ONTHEVIRTUALMODEL,REALTIMEANDINCOMPUTATIONALREQUIREMENTSDISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMSTARTEDWITHACONTROLSYSTEMFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATICINSTRUMENTUSEDTOCONTROL,WHEREASNOWITISSUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPEDINTOINDUSTRIALCONTROLCOMPUTERUSEDASACENTRALCOLLECTIONANDDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMANDTRANSITIONOFDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMINANALOGUEHANDLING,LOOPCONTROL,HASBEGUNTOREFLECTTHEUSEOFAHUGEADVANTAGETHOUGHDISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMHASGREATADVANTAGESINLOOPREGULATION,BUTONLYASAMEANSOFCONTINUOUSPROCESSCONTROLOPTIMIZATIONOFPLCISTHECORRESPONDINGRELAYNEEDSWASBORN,ITSMAINUSEINTHEWORKORDERCONTROL,EARLYPRIMARYISREPLACEDRELAYTHISHULKINGSYSTEM,FOCUSEDONTHESWITCHCONTROLLINGTHERUNNINGORDEROFFUNCTIONSMARKEDBYTHEMICROPROCESSORINTHEEARLY1970OFTHE20THCENTURYEMERGED,MICROELECTRONICSTECHNOLOGYHASDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,PEOPLESOONMICROELECTRONICSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYWILLBEUSEDINTHEPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERTHATIS同类产品先进水平，并有一定数量的产品获得国家质量奖或评为部、省优质产品。不断发展新品种，满足市场需要。产品适销对路，用户满意。产品包装符合规定要求，重量合格，牢固安全，便于装卸运输。无重大质量事故。（三）经济效果好经济效益有明显提高。百元产值利润率、资金利润率、百元产值流动资金占用率、流动资金周转等综合经济指标达到本行业先进水平。可比产品成本逐年下降。可比口径劳动生产率有显著提高。上交利润有稳定增长。产品质量、消耗、设备运转周期等主要技术经济指标达到规定要求。已达到者要有明显进步。推行全面经济核算，建立经济活动分析制度，实行成本控制，运用价值工程，对利润和成本实行予测。开展增产节约活动，无重大浪费。健全各项财会制度，严格执行国家财经纪律，经济领域里的犯罪活动得到了严肃处理。（四）劳动纪律好认真执行了企业职工奖惩条例和职工守则，并制定了切实可行的实施细则。基本消除了迟到、早退、脱岗、睡岗、旷工等违反劳动纪律的现象和严重建法乱纪行为。认真按定员定额组织生产，富余人员得到了妥善安排。建立健全了各项劳动管理制度。（五）文明生产好达到清洁文明工厂要求。认真做好劳动保护工作，蓉措施项目得到落实，费用有保证。职业病基本得到防治。高度重视安全生产，安全活动和安全教育做到了经常化、制度化。各项安全制度健全并严格执行。杜绝重大爆炸、火灾、多人中毒和人身伤亡事故，无严重设备操作事故，一般事故发生率逐年下降。企业管理的各项基础工作健全。认真整顿并加强了信息、统计、计量、定额和档案资料等工作，努力做到工作制度化、数据化、科学化。（六）政治工作好党的基层组织进行了认真整顿，党组织的战斗力有明显增强。领导班子精干有力，符合“四化”要求。党委的领导核心作用，党支部的战斗堡垒作用，党员的先锋模范作用发挥得好，党风正，厂风好。认真执行关于企业领导制度的三个条例，较好地实行了党委集体领导、职工民主管理、厂长行政指挥的原则，健全了党政工各自的工作系统，并发挥了较好的作用。（注企业领导体制在国家作出新规定后，即按新的规定执行。）有一支坚强的思想政治工作骨干队伍，有一套行之有效的政治工作制度和方法MANIPULATORISNOWUSEDASAINDUSTRIALROBOTSINUSE,THECONTROLOBJECTIVESOFTENAPPEAROFTENININDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYHASGRADUALLYMATURED,ASMATUREATECHNOLOGYLINEHASBEENRAPIDDEVELOPMENTININDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONASASEPARATESUBJECTMANIPULATORAPPLICATIONBEGANTOFILTERINTOWELDING,LOGISTICS,MECHANICALPROCESSING,ANDOTHERINDUSTRIESESPECIALLYATHIGHORVERYLOWTEMPERATURES,FULLOFPOISONOUSGASES,HIGHRADIATIONCASE,ROBOTINSIMILARCIRCUMSTANCESSHOWEDGREATUSEALSOBRINGSGREATCONVENIENCETOTHESTAFFPRECISELYBECAUSEOFTHISROBOTTOGETPEOPLESATTENTIONBEGANTOBEAHIGHDEGREEOFDEVELOPMENTLABORRATES,WORKINGCONDITIONS,LABORINTENSIVEASPECTSOFPROMOTINGDEVELOPMENTBOTHATHOMEANDABROADTODEVELOPTHEPLCPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERISINVARIOUSSPECIALCIRCUMSTANCESANDUNDERSPECIALCONDITIONSSETFORMECHANICALDEVICESNOWTURNEDONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMICROELECTRONICSAUTOMATICCONTROLTECHNOLOGYANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHETRAINS,THESUCCESSOFPLCHARDWARESOFTWAREANDSIMULATIONCONTROLWINBIGANDSUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENT,NOWCONTINUESTODEVELOPASAFACTORYAUTOMATIONSTANDARDSBECAUSEROBOTSAREGOODDEVELOPMENTOFTHETECHNOLOGYMAKESAGOODOPTIMIZATIONOFPRODUCTIVECAPITAL,ANDROBOTSHOWSTHISUNIQUEADVANTAGES,SUCHASHASGOODCOMPATIBILITY,WIDEAVAILABILITY,HARDWAREISCOMPLETE,ANDPROGRAMMINGTHATCANBEMASTEREDINASHORTTIME,SOINTHECONTEXTOFINDUSTRIALPLCAPPLICATIONSBECAMEUBIQUITOUSMANIPULATORINMANYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYAGRICULTUREANDINDUSTRYHASBEENAPPLIED,SUCHASTHEUSEOFMECHANICALHARVESTINGLARGEAREASOFFARMLAND,REPEATEDOPERATIONSONTHEHIGHSPEEDLINETHATUSESAROBOTICARM,ANDSOONTODAY,THEHIGHLEVELOFAUTOMATIONCOMBINEDWITHRESTRICTIONSONTHEMANIPULATORDEVELOPMENTLEVELISSLIGHTLYLOWERTHANTHEINTERNATIONALTHEDESIGNISMAINLYARMWELDINGMACHINEBYPLCAUTOMATIONCONTROLTHISOFDESIGNLETDESIGNERSONINSCHOOLBYLEARNOFHASAMUSTOFCONSOLIDATION,UNDERSTANDHASSOMEUSUALLYDIDNTOPPORTUNITIESAWARENESSINWORLDRANGEWITHINSOMELEADINGLEVELOFKNOWLEDGEHASHASMUSTAWARENESS,HOPEDESIGNERSCANINYIHOUOFDESIGNINTHECANSUCCESSOFUSINGINTHISDESIGNINTHEPROCEEDSOFEXPERIENCE12MANIPULATORINBOTHATHOMEANDABROADOFRESEARCHPROFILEAUTOMATIONMECHANICALARMRESEARCHBEGANYU20THCENTURYMEDIUMTERM,AFTERYEARSWITHWITHCOMPUTERANDAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYOFDEVELOPMENT,MAKESMECHANICALARMONTHEGRANDSTAGEOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONANDSHINE,GRADUALLYBECAMEANINDUSTRIALEVALUATIONSTANDARDS,ANDITSIMPORTANCECANBESEENNOWORIGINALROBOTICARMSPENTMOSTOFMASSPRODUCTIONANDUSEONTHEPRODUCTIONLINE,WHICHISPROGRAMMEDROBOTICARMASTHEFIRSTGENERATIONOFMANIPULATORPOSITIONCONTROLSYSTEMSMAINFEATURES,ALTHOUGHNOTBACKSEVERALGENERATIONSTHATCANDETECTTHEEXTERNALENVIRONMENT,BUTCANSTILLSUCCESSFULLYCOMPLETELIKEWELDING,PAINTING,DELIVERYASWELLASFORMATERIALSSIMPLEMOVEMENTSSECONDGENERATIONMECHANICALARMSAREEQUIPPEDWITHSENSORSANDMANIPULATORSHAVETHEENVIRONMENTTHEREISACERTAINAMOUNTOF“SENSE“,WHENTHEMECHANICALARMISTOUSETHEPROGRAMASABASISDIFFERENCEISTHATTHEROBOTBEGANDMANIPULATORCONTROLMODEANDPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSINTRODUCTION21SELECTDISCUSSIONWITHMANIPULATORCONTROL211CLASSIFICATIONOFCONTROLRELAYSANDDISCRETEELECTRONICCIRCUITCANCONTROLOLDINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENT,BUTALSOMORECOMMONMAINLYTHESETWORELATIVELYCHEAPANDYOUCANMEETTHEOLDFASHIONED,SIMPLEORSIMPLEINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENTSOHECANSEETHEMNOW,HOWEVERTHESETWOCONTROLMODESRELAYANDDISCRETEELECTRONICCIRCUITSARETHESEFATALFLAWS1CANNOTADAPTTOTHECOMPLEXLOGICCONTROL,2ONLYFORTHECURRENTPROJECT,THELACKOFCOMPATIBILITYAND3NOTREFORMINGTHESYSTEMWITHEQUIPMENTIMPROVEMENTSSPRINGFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASMODERNINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYTHESUBSTANTIALINCREASEINTHELEVELOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATION,COMPLETEDTHEPERFECTRELAYOFTHECOMPUTERTOOMUCHINTERMSOFCONTROLLINGTHECOMPUTERSHOWEDHISTWOGREATADVANTAGES1EACHOFTHEHARDWARECANBEINSTALLEDONONEORMOREMICROPROCESSORS2THEOFFICIALDESIGNEROFTHESOFTWAREWRITINGCONTENTCONTROLISALLABOUTNOWINSEVERALWAYSINTHECONTEXTOFINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONCANOFTENBESEENINTHREEWAYS1PROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERREFERREDTOASIPC2DISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMDCSFORSHORT,AND3THEPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERPLCFORSHORT212PLCANDTHEIPCANDDCSCONTRASTCONTRAST1,EACHOFTHETHREETECHNOLOGIESOFORIGINSANDDEVELOPMENTREQUIREMENTSFORFASTDATAPROCESSINGMAKESITINVENTEDTHECOMPUTERTHEMENBROUGHTINTERMSOFHARDWARETHERE,USINGAHIGHLEVELOFSTANDARDIZATION,CANUSEMORECOMPATIBILITYTOOLS,ISARICHSOFTWARERESOURCES,ESPECIALLYTHENEEDFORIMMEDIACYINOPERATIONALSYSTEMSSOTHECOMPUTERCANEFFECTIVELYCONTROLISUSEDTOCONTROLANDMEETITSSPEED,ONTHEVIRTUALMODEL,REALTIMEANDINCOMPUTATIONALREQUIREMENTSDISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMSTARTEDWITHACONTROLSYSTEMFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATICINSTRUMENTUSEDTOCONTROL,WHEREASNOWITISSUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPEDINTOINDUSTRIALCONTROLCOMPUTERUSEDASACENTRALCOLLECTIONANDDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMANDTRANSITIONOFDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMINANALOGUEHANDLING,LOOPCONTROL,HASBEGUNTOREFLECTTHEUSEOFAHUGEADVANTAGETHOUGHDISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMHASGREATADVANTAGESINLOOPREGULATION,BUTONLYASAMEANSOFCONTINUOUSPROCESSCONTROLOPTIMIZATIONOFPLCISTHECORRESPONDINGRELAYNEEDSWASBORN,ITSMAINUSEINTHEWORKORDERCONTROL,EARLYPRIMARYISREPLACEDRELAYTHISHULKINGSYSTEM,FOCUSEDONTHESWITCHCONTROLLINGTHERUNNINGORDEROFFUNCTIONSMARKEDBYTHEMICROPROCESSORINTHEEARLY1970OFTHE20THCENTURYEMERGED,MICROELECTRONICSTECHNOLOGYHASDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,PEOPLESOONMICROELECTRONICSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYWILLBEUSEDINTHEPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERTHATIS，有一个加强职工队伍建设的具体规划，逐步建设一支有理想、有道德、有文化、守纪律的职工队伍。切实重视社会主义精神文明建设，思想政治工作做到了经常化、制度化、多样化，职工主人翁责任感强，精神面貌好。职工培训抓得紧，按规定完成各类干部轮训和青壮年职工的文化技术补课任务，职工文化技术水平有明显提高。四、化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂、六好企业的检查验收办法创建化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂、六好企业的活动，部里由企业整顿办公室（设在生产综合司）统一归口，各有关司局分头负责。企业自查认为符合无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂标准者，可分别申请要求主管部门组织检查验收。具体验收办法和命名方式可由各地自行确定。部直属企业由部主管司局负责检查验收，并命名。化工六好企业在各地推荐的基础上，由部统一评选命名。具体办法另定。化工企业评选地方六好企业按各地的标准和办法进行。各地验收、命名的化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂和六好企业，请省、自治区、直辖市化工厅（局）负责汇总，报部备案。企业被命名为无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂、六好企业后，要每年自行复查一次，命名部门要进行抽查，发现有不符合标准的要限期整改。限期内（最多半年）仍达不以标准的取消荣誉称号。不搞“终身制”。发布部门化学工业部已变更发布日期1983年02月20日实施日期1983年02月20日中央法规化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂、六好企业标准及验收办法来源法律168浏览121次1983220化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂、六好企业标准及验收办法全文化工企业经过全面整顿，在五项整顿工作验收合格后，要进一步开展创建化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂和六好企业的活动。其关系是，六好企业必须是清洁文明工厂，清洁文明工厂必须是无泄漏工厂。根据化工企业的特点和整顿工作的实践，部地化工无泄漏工厂、清洁文明工厂和六好企业的标准与验收办法统一作了修订，现印发化工系统试行一、化工无泄漏工厂标准认真贯彻化工机动工作管理条例，有健全的设备管理制度静密封点泄漏率经常保持在万分之五以下全部