本科生毕业论文-酶法制备高麦芽糖浆的研究

哈尔滨商业大学毕业设计（论文）酶法制备高麦芽糖浆的研究学生姓名指导教师专业学院年月日GRADUATIONPROJECTTHESISHARBINUNIVERSITYOFCOMMERCESTUDYONTHEPRODUCTIONOFHIGHMALTOSESYRUPBYENZYMESTUDENTSUPERVISORSPECIALTYSCHOOL201X0XXX摘要以马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉为原料，制备高麦芽糖浆。对马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉的液化情况进行了比较，研究表明马铃薯淀粉在液化过程中比玉米淀粉容易被液化酶水解，在较短时间内DE值即可达到实验要求。采用正交实验设计，以耐高温淀粉酶为液化酶，进行液化，得到了最佳液化条件。关键词高麦芽糖浆；耐高温淀粉酶；淀粉酶ABSTRACTUSINGSTARCHANDCORNSTARCH,RESPECTIVELY,HIGHMALTOSESYRUPWASMADETHELIQUEFACTIONOFPOTATOSTARCHANDCORNSTARCHWASCOMPAREDTHERESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEPOTATOSTARCHCOULDEASILYBEHYDROLYZEDWITHENZYMESTHANCORNSTARCHTHEIDEALDEVALUEWASGOTINSHORTTIMEBYORTHOGONALTEST,THELIQUEFACTIONOFPOTATOSTARCHWASSTUDIEDANDTHEOPTIONALLIQUEFACTIONBYUSINGHEATSTABLEAMYLASEWASOBTAINED，。KEYWORDSHIGHMALTOSESYRUP；HEATSTABLEAMYLASE；AMYLASE目录摘要IABSTRACTII1绪论111高麦芽糖浆的研究与应用1111麦芽糖浆的分类1112高麦芽糖浆的应用112高麦芽糖浆国内外的研究现状1121高麦芽糖浆的生产发展1122马铃薯淀粉方面的研究113本课题的来源及研究的意义1131本课题来源1132研究的目的意义12实验部分221实验仪器222实验材料23结果与讨论331单因素实验3311温度对淀粉液化的影响3结论4参考文献5致谢6附录71绪论11高麦芽糖浆的研究与应用111麦芽糖浆的分类麦芽糖是由2个葡萄糖单位通过1,4糖苷键连接而成的二糖，化学名称为4OD六环葡萄糖基D六环葡萄糖，其结构式见图11。112高麦芽糖浆的应用麦芽糖是一种营养性双糖，而麦芽糖含量达60以上的高麦芽糖浆不仅能较好地反映出麦芽糖的性能，还有其独特的功能特性3。高麦芽糖浆葡萄糖含量低，无色透明，具有甜度低、抗结晶性好、吸湿性低，并具有良好的热稳定性，因此被广泛的应用于食品、制药等行业中。12高麦芽糖浆国内外的研究现状121高麦芽糖浆的生产发展大约在3000年前，古代中国首先发明了用麦芽汁水解米中的淀粉生产饴糖的工艺。122马铃薯淀粉方面的研究13本课题的来源及研究的意义131本课题来源132研究的目的意义2实验部分21实验仪器22实验材料表21葡萄糖标准溶液配比编号葡萄糖含量/MG葡萄糖液量/ML蒸馏水量/MLDNS液量/ML101010415202020315303030215404040115505050153结果与讨论31单因素实验311温度对淀粉液化的影响，结论以马铃薯淀粉为原料，应用酶制剂生产高麦芽糖浆的研究，得到以下结论淀粉的酶解分为液化和糖化两个过程。液化液的DE值大小影响最后麦芽糖的得率，一般较低DE值可提高麦芽糖产率，但DE值过低，液化不彻底，糊精和低聚糖生成较多，不利于提高麦芽糖的含量和糖化液的过滤及精制。实验证明，当DE值达10左右时，麦芽糖含量可达到高麦芽糖浆的生产要求。参考文献1柴宝华酶法制糖技术的发展J淀粉与淀粉糖，2000，2132刘汉文，丁志香，颜洪酶法小麦粗淀粉生产高麦芽糖浆工艺研究J食品科学1999，20342443黄志蕙高麦芽糖浆的生产与应用J中国调味品1998，28104王志民甘薯淀粉高麦芽糖浆的生产技术与应用J食品科技1998，530315GAOUAROPRODUCTIONOFMALTOSESYRUPBYBIOCONVERSIONOFCASSAVASTARCHINANULTRAFILTRATIONREACTORINDUSTRIALCROPSANDPRODUCTSJ1998，71591676CRAIGS，DAVIDFPHOTOCATALYTICDEGRADATIONCONTAMINANTSMECHANISMSINVOLVINGHYDROXYLRADICALATTACKJJOURNALOFCATALYSIS1990,12211781927张洪薇酶法制备高麦芽糖浆的研究D哈尔滨哈尔滨商业大学2004,15208胡国华食品添加剂应用基础M北京化学工业出版社2005,1021329陈平,尤宏,罗薇楠等TIO2光催化反应器的研究J哈尔滨商业大学报2003,192238243致谢感谢导师XXX教授的指导，感谢XXX副教授、XXX在进行毕业论文工作中所给予的帮助。附录AGANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALCLAIEMLOYMENTTRIBUNALSSORTOUTDISAGREEMENTSBETWEENEMPLOYERSANDEMPLOYEESYOUMAYNEEDTOMAKEACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALIFYOUDONTAGREEWITHTHEDISCIPLINARYACTIONYOUREMPLOYERHASTAKENAGAINSTYOUYOUREMPLOYERDISMISSESYOUANDYOUTHINKTHATYOUHAVEBEENDISMISSEDUNFAIRLYFORMOREINFORMU,TAKEADVICEFROMONEOFTHEORGANISATIONSLISTEDUNDERFURTHERHELPEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALSARELESSFORMALTHANSOMEOTHERCOURTS,BUTITISSTILLALEGALPROCESSANDYOUWILLNEEDTOGIVEEVIDENCEUNDERANOATHORAFFIRMATIONMOSTPEOPLEFINDMAKINGACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALCHALLENGINGIFYOUARETHINKINGABOUTMAKINGACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNAL,YOUSHOULDGETHELPSTRAIGHTAWAYFROMONEOFTHEORGANISATIONSLISTEDUNDERFURTHERHELPATIONABOUTDISMISSALANDUNFAIRDISMISSAL,SEEDISMISSALYOUCANMAKEACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNAL,EVENIFYOUHAVENTAPPEALEDAGAINSTTHEDISCIPLINARYACTIONYOUREMPLOYERHASTAKENAGAINSTYOUHOWEVER,IFYOUWINYOURCASE,THETRIBUNALMAYREDUCEANYCOMPENSATIONAWARDEDTOYOUASARESULTOFYOURFAILURETOAPPEALREMEMBERTHATINMOSTCASESYOUMUSTMAKEANAPPLICATIONTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALWITHINTHREEMONTHSOFTHEDATEWHENTHEEVENTYOUARECOMPLAININGABOUTHAPPENEDIFYOURAPPLICATIONISRECEIVEDAFTERTHISTIMELIMIT,THETRIBUNALWILLNOTUSUALLYACCEPTIIFYOUAREWORRIEDABOUTHOWTHETIMELIMITSAPPLYTOYOUIFYOUAREBEINGREPRESENTEDBYASOLICITORATTHETRIBUNAL,THEYMAYASKYOUTOSIGNANAGREEMENTWHEREYOUPAYTHEIRFEEOUTOFYOURCOMPENSATIONIFYOUWINTHECASETHISISKNOWNASADAMAGESBASEDAGREEMENTINENGLANDANDWALES,YOURSOLICITORCANTCHARGEYOUMORETHAN35OFYOURCOMPENSATIONIFYOUWINTHECASEYOURECLEARABOUTTHETERMSOFTHEAGREEMENTITMIGHTBEBESTTOGETADVICEFROMANEXPERIENCEDADVISER,FOREXAMPLE,ATACITIZENSADVICEBUREAUTOFINDYOURNEARESTCAB,INCLUDINGTHOSETHATGIVEADVICEBYEMAIL,CLICKONNEARESTCABFORMOREINFORMATIONABOUTMAKINGACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNAL,SEEEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALSTHELACKOFAIRUPTHEREWATCHMCAYMANISLANDSBASEDWEBB,THEHEADOFFIFASANTIRACISMTASKFORCE,ISINLONDONFORTHEFOOTBALLASSOCIATIONS150THANNIVERSARYCELEBRATIONSANDWILLATTENDCITYSPREMIERLEAGUEMATCHATCHELSEAONSUNDAY“IAMGOINGTOBEATTHEMATCHTOMORROWANDIHAVEASKEDTOMEETYAYATOURE,“HETOLDBBCSPORT“FORMEITSABOUTHOWHEFELTANDIWOULDLIKETOSPEAKTOHIMFIRSTTOFINDOUTWHATHISEXPERIENCEWAS“UEFAHASOPENEDDISCIPLINARYPROCEEDINGSAGAINSTCSKAFORTHE“RACISTBEHAVIOUROFTHEIRFANS“DURINGCITYS21WINMICHELPLATINI,PRESIDENTOFEUROPEANFOOTBALLSGOVERNINGBODY,HASALSOORDEREDANIMMEDIATEINVESTIGATIONINTOTHEREFEREESACTIONSCSKASAIDTHEYWERE“SURPRISEDANDDISAPPOINTED“BYTOURESCOMPLAINTINASTATEMENTTHERUSSIANSIDEADDED“WEFOUNDNORACISTINSULTSFROMFANSOFCSKA“AGEHASREACHEDTHEENDOFTHEBEGINNINGOFAWORDMAYBEGUILTYINHISSEEMSTOPASSINGALOTOFDIFFERENTLIFEBECAMETHEAPPEARANCEOFTHESAMEDAYMAYBEBACKINTHEPAST,TOONESELFTHEPARANOIDWEIRDBELIEFDISILLUSIONMENT,THESEDAYS,MYMINDHASBEENVERYMESSY,INMYMINDCONSTANTLYALWAYSFEELONESELFSHOULDGOTODOSOMETHING,ORWRITESOMETHINGTWENTYYEARSOFLIFETRAJECTORYDEEPLYSHALLOW,SUDDENLYFEELSOMETHING,DOIT一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。THEENDOFOURLIFE,ANDCANMEETMANYTHINGSREALLYDO而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可DURINGMYCHILDHOOD,THINKLUCKYMONEYANDNEWCLOTHESARENECESSARYFORNEWYEAR,BUTASTHEADVANCEOFTHEAGE,WILLBEMOREANDMOREFOUNDTHATTHOSETHINGSAREOPTIONALJUNIORHIGHSCHOOL,THOUGHTTOHAVEACRUSHONJUSTMEANSTHATTHEREALGROWTH,BUTOVERTHEPASTTHREEYEARSLATER,HISWRITINGOFALUMNIINPEACE,SUDDENLYFOUNDTHATISNTREALLYGROWUP,ITSEEMSISNOTSOIMPORTANTTHENINHIGHSCHOOL,THINKDONTWANTTOGIVEVENTTOOUTYOURINNERVOICECANBEINTHEHIGHSCHOOLCHILDRENOFTHEFEELINGSINAPERIOD,BUTWASEVENTUALLYINFARCTIONWHENGRADUATIONPARTYINTHETHROAT,LATERAGAINSTOODONTHEPITCHHEHASSWEATPROFUSELY,LOOKEDATHISTHROWNABASKETBALLHOOPS,SUDDENLYFOUNDHIMSELFHASALREADYCANTREMEMBERHISAPPEARANCE童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。ORIGINALLY,THISWORLD,CANPRODUCEACHEMICALREACTIONTOANEVENT,INADDITIONTORESOLUTELY,HAVETODO,ANDTIME原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。APERSONSTIME,YOURIDEASAREALWAYSSPECIALTOCLEARWANT,WANT,LINEISCLEAR,ASIFNOTHINGCOULDSHAKEHISALSOONCESEEMEDTOBEDETERMINEDTODOSOMETHING,BUTMOREOFTENISHEBACKEDOUTATLASTDISLIKEHISCOWARDICE,FINALLYFOUNDTHATTHEREAREALOTOFLOVE,THEREAREALOTOFMISS,LIKESHADOWREALLYHAVEBEENDOOMEDTHOSEWHODO,JUSTGREENYEARSONESELFGIVEONESELFANARMINJECTION,ORISASELFRIGHTEOUSSPIRITUAL一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。ATTHEMOMENT,THESKYISDARK,THEAIRISFRESHFACTORAFTERJUSTRAINEDSUDDENLYTHOUGHTOFBLUEPLAIDSHIRTTHOSEWEREBROKENINTOVARIOUSSHAPESOFSTATIONERYFROMTHECORNERATTHEBEGINNINGOFDEEPFRIENDSHIPHAVEDECLAREDTHEENDOFTHEENCOUNTERTHATHAVENTSTARTPLANNINGTHOSEYEARS,THOSEDAYSOFDO,FINALLY,LIKEYOUTH,WILLENDINOURLIFE此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。BAUMGARTNERTHEDISAPPOINTINGNEWSMISSIONABORTEDRPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINTHISMISSIONSTARTINGATTHEGROUND,CONDITIONSHAVETOBEVERYCALMWINDSLESSTHAN2MPH,WITHNOPRECIPITATIONORHUMIDITYANDLIMITEDCLOUDCOVERTHEBALLOON,WITHCAPSULEATTACHED,WILLMOVETHROUGHTHELOWERLEVELOFTHEATMOSPHERETHETROPOSPHEREWHEREOURDAYTODAYWEATHERLIVESITWILLCLIMBHIGHERTHANTHETIPOFMOUNTEVEREST55MILES/885KILOMETERS,DRIFTINGEVENHIGHERTHANTHECRUISINGALTITUDEOFCOMMERCIALAIRLINERS56MILES/917KILOMETERSANDINTOTHESTRATOSPHEREASHECROSSESTHEBOUNDARYLAYERCALLEDTHETROPOPAUSE,ECANEXPECTALOTOFTURBULENCEWEOFTENCLOSEOURSELVESOFFWHENTRAUMATICEVENTSHAPPENINOURLIVESINSTEADOFLETTINGTHEWORLDSOFTENUS,WELETITDRIVEUSDEEPERINTOOURSELVESWETRYTODEFLECTTHEHURTANDPAINBYPRETENDINGITDOESNTEXIST,BUTALTHOUGHWECANTRYTHISALLWEWANT,INTHEEND,WECANTHIDEFROMOURSELVESWENEEDTOLEARNTOOPENOURHEARTSTOTHEPOTENTIALSOFLIFEANDLETTHEWORLDSOFTENUS生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢WHENEVERWESTARTTOLETOURFEARSANDSERIOUSNESSGETTHEBESTOFUS,WESHOULDTAKEASTEPBACKANDREEVALUATEOURBEHAVIORTHEITEMSLISTEDBELOWARESIXWAYSYOUCANOPENYOURHEARTMOREFULLYANDCOMPLETELY当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。WHENEVERAPAINFULSITUATIONARISESINYOURLIFE,TRYTOEMBRACEITINSTEADOFRUNNINGAWAYORTRYINGTOMASKTHEHURTWHENTHESADNESSSTRIKES,TAKEADEEPBREATHANDLEANINTOITWHENWERUNAWAYFROMSADNESSTHATSUNFOLDINGINOURLIVES,ITGETSSTRONGERANDMOREREALWETAKEANEMOTIONTHATSFLEETINGANDMAKEITASOLIDEVENT,INSTEADOFSOMETHINGTHATPASSESTHROUGHUS当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀BYUTILIZINGOURBREATHWESOFTENOUREXPERIENCESIFWEDAMTHEMUP,OURLIVESWILLSTAGNATE,BUTWHENWEKEEPTHEMFLOWING,WEALLOWMORENEWNESSANDGREATEREXPERIENCESTOBLOSSOM深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2EMBRACETHEUNCOMFORTABLEWEALLKNOWWHATTHATTWINGEOFANXIETYFEELSLIKEWEKNOWHOWFEARFEELSINOURBODIESTHETENSIONINOURNECKS,THETIGHTNESSINOURSTOMACHS,ETCWECANPRACTICELEANINGINTOTHESEFEELINGSOFDISCOMFORTANDLETTHEMSHOWUSWHEREWENEEDTOGO我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。THEINITIALIMPULSEISTORUNAWAYTOTRYANDSUPPRESSTHESEFEELINGSBYNOTACKNOWLEDGINGTHEMWHENWEDOTHIS,WECLOSEOURSELVESOFFTOTHEPARTSOFOURLIVESTHATWENEEDTOEXPERIENCEMOSTTHENEXTTIMEYOUHAVETHISFEELINGOFBEINGTRULYUNCOMFORTABLE,DOYOURSELFAFAVORANDLEANINTOTHEFEELINGACTINSPITEOFTHEFEAR我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。3ASKYOURHEARTWHATITWANTS倾听内心WEREOFTENCONFUSEDATTHENEXTSTEPTOTAKE,MAKINGPROSANDCONSLISTSUNTILOUREYESBLEEDANDOURBRAINSARESOREINSTEADOFALWAYSTAKINGTHISAPPROACH,WHATIFWEENGAGEDANEWPARTOFOURSELVESTHATISNTUSUALLYINVOLVEDINTHEDECISIONMAKINGPROCESS我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。FROMHTTP/WWWHXENCOM/ENGLISHARTICLE/YINGYUMEIWEN/20130806/227968HTMLTHESUPERSONICDESCENTCOULDHAPPENASEARLYASSUNDATHEWEATHETHEBALLOONWILLSLOWLYDRIFTTOTHEED