复述及过去分词用法

1、John Snowdoctorattendedbecamechole- radeadly,neithernor,died every time, challenge and two theoriessuggested absorbedintosuspectbutsobroke out 1854,ready toAsspread throughbegan to in twosothatten firstmarked.where clue about.many ofpump inalso noticed discoveredgivenseemednextlooked into came fromi

2、mmediately toldremove.so slowed downshownby germsnot,in foundfromlinked towomanmoved. delivereddied of.withable tocarried to preventfromsuggestedsourceexamin- edinstructed not totofinally,1.作定语,2.作表语,4.作状语,3.作宾补,过去分词,过去分词作定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 1.

3、 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。,3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 (1)The meeting, attended by over five thous

4、and people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 (2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。,Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now? A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on,C,B,A,

5、A,4. Please dont forget him. He is one of _. A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting those,3. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write,1. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday? A. to be

6、 held B. having been held C. held D. being held,1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。 (1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 (2) He is retired. 他已退休。,过去分词作表语,【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 (1) The cup was broken by my little sister ye

7、sterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作） (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）,3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去 分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用 作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动 意味。, How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited.,

8、She was very disappointed to hear the result., Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners., How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.,【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。 (1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了

9、。（the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。 (2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。）,过去分词,作宾补,1.表“希望，要求”的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done,I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.,Jim ord

10、ered the room (to be) cleaned.,2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think + object + p.p.,We saw the thief caught by the police.,People found the water polluted.,make, get, have, keep,3.使役动词,I want to get my hair cut tomorrow. = I want to get the barber to cut my hair. = I want to

11、let the barber cut my hair.,4.介词短语作宾补,with, without + n. + p.p.,Do you know the man with his hands tied back?,They left without a dish touched.,The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behinds his back . A .being tied B .having tied C .to be tied D .tied,D,“with 宾语过去分词”结构 “with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词

12、用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式） (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因） (4)She stood in front of hi

13、m, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。 (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。,过去分词作状语 1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。 值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而

14、表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。 (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。,2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 (1) Given another hour, I can also work ou

15、t this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。） (2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）,3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以

16、他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.,【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。 When gi

17、ven a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 4. 过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是

18、主句的主语。,a、表示时间,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,b、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the story, the chil

19、dren began to cry.,As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.,She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he

20、refused to let out the secret.,【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。 (1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。（the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。 (2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就