高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习

1、铭门苗得很专题知识整合苗得很高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习2015 VIP 特刊本文章内容说明本文章个人整理，希望在2015年贵阳高考帮到大家。本文章内容导读一、动词(谓语/非谓语)二、名词 三、代词 四、冠词 五、介词 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) 七、情态动词 八、形容词/副词 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 十、词形变化或者词性变化十一、特殊句型（或固定短语） 十二、定语从句的引导词 十三、状语从句 十四、名词性从句十五、 时态、语态 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他 十八、 语法填空专练（8篇）语法填空的考查范围：1 语境(上下

2、文）；2 语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。语法填空的能力要求：1.阅读/理解语篇的能力2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1） 主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2） 主语+系动词+表语其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1） 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2） 充当谓语的一定是动词。（

3、3） 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4） 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5） 作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1） 用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句(2)if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的

4、,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。一、 动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。动词及动词短语辨析主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点

5、，主要从以下几个角度来命题：习惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。苗得很符号:1 S主_ (V)笔记:2 S主_ (V)by sb/sth.笔记 S主should/would_ (V)笔记 S主can/may/must_ (V)笔记 S主 + V原形?笔记1. Ms Chen (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. 2. I was certain she would like it because I

6、(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,_ (change) to the library at the last minute. . 4.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. 5.The child, Nicole Hobson, (take) by her mother to Childr

7、en's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check 6.A transit spokesman said the driver should (make) radio call to the control center for help. 7.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that (encourage) students to study abroad. 8.One of t

8、hem was a visitor, saying he wouldnt have been there if he _ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. 笔记:9. We must also consider the reaction of the person (receive) the gift.10 With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_ (complete

9、) the rest.12. There, (place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five penniesher tip! 13. ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. 14. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Frida

10、y, _(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring15We must practise speaking and (write) the language whenever we can. 16but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 17. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ (presen

11、t) to him without any effort on his part. 笔记：(下一讲名词)二、名词主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，重点复习：掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品

12、，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。【例7】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space【答案】B【解析】本题考搭配，from at a distance of.从的距离。选 B。考点 3 代词主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：指代必须

13、准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。疑问代词的用法。it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。【例8】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village？ _ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either【答案】C 【解析】根据句中 three一词，可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词，即在 A、B、C 中选择。另外，从语境上看，问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村？”而从答话人的语气看，应是“哪条路

14、（任何一条路）都可以”。故选 C。三、代词 主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：指代必须准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。疑问代词的用法。it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。【例8】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village？ _ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either【答案】C 【解析】根据句中 three一词，可以相应的判断答语中应用表示

15、三者的词，即在 A、B、C 中选择。另外，从语境上看，问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村？”而从答话人的语气看，应是“哪条路（任何一条路）都可以”。故选 C。考点 4 形容词 副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。比较级

16、的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。【例9】What do you think of the film we saw last night？I feel _ that the film is well worth seeing once again？A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard【答案

17、】B 【解析】that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断 feel在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that.“我坚信”。故答案为 B。挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。 1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax . （广州二模）2. The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it

18、. （深一模）3. the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕头二模）4If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-fund

19、ed students,（茂名二模）6Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear spoken.（佛山一模）Keys: 1. myself 2. his 3. nothing 4. themselves 5. them 6. it四、冠词主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。“特指”指某些人或事物。如：The Englishmen in the

20、 dining room are having supper now.谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。如：Take the medicine.上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。如：He bought a house. I have been to the house. 世界上独一无二的事物。如：The sun sets.序数词或形容词最高级前。如：I live on the second floor.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：The United States.一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如：in the way，by the hour，on the other hand

21、，all the year round，play the piano the violin.2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。名词前已有作定语用的 this，that，some，any，my等限定词。专有名词和不可数名词前。如：Unity is strength.表示学科的名词前。如：Economics is different from politics.球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如：He likes playing football and always has supp

22、er outside. 复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。如：They are students and we are teachers.节日、季节、星期、月份前。如：Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday.表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如：White is a beautiful color in China.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made president of the USA again.某些习惯短语中。如：in bed，in spite of，by

23、chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception to（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）3）不定冠词的几种特殊用法：专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像的一个人或物”。如：He thinks he is a Napoleon.姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫的人”，多指不认识的人。如：A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.用于某些物质名

24、词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：What would you like to drink？A tea and a coffee.用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。如：All his efforts ended in failure.不定冠词用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。如：To escape the pull of the earth，a rocket mu

25、st reach a speed of40，000 km h。【例6】Of all the subjects，I like_ history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.A. the；a B. /；a C. a; the D. a; / 【答案】B【解析】history是不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词；knowledge也是不可数名词，但 knowledge前加不定冠词，后跟 of时组成 a knowledge of结构，表示“对精通、了解”。所以答案为 B。1 But my mood

26、 quickly changed when I saw_ first question. (广州二模)2 Then I went to the department store and bought her expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模) 3. Tom, 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模）4He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _ good many other things. （深二模）5. I

27、 told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having _ heart failure. （汕头二模）6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _ comparatively cheap one.（东莞一模）Keys: 1. the 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a 6. a五、介词介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句

28、子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。 下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。 一、介词及介词短语 介词像个“游离体”， 名前动后常出现， 一旦组成“某结构”， 句中成分有一位。 “介+宾”叫“介短”， 作“形、副”句里边。 “宾补、表、定、状”， 都能用得上。 “动+介”动词性， “及、不及物”谓语用。 成语、习语常固定， 应用起来有弹性。 注 介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语，介词和介词宾语合成介词短语。介词短语在句中的语法作用相当于形容词或副词，在句中做宾（主）语、补足语、表语、定语或状语。 “动

29、词+介词（副词）”组成一个动词词组或短语动词，其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词，在句中作谓语。 二、介词在句中的位置 介词活跃句关键， 短语合成形简单， 独作成分看不见， 介短表定状可担。 before时空在之前， after之后off远。 直上 over，above斜， under，below下相反。 直到till，on表面， 穿过through，for因缘。 by表旁边in里面， with伴随by车船。 时间地点at、in、on， 二者between多among， behind后面beside旁， 附近near沿着along。 from来自like像， 表示目的for，to当。 o

30、f所属周围round， 向上up向下down。 三、on,at,in用法巧记 on，at，in这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点，但具体用法不同，多数学生对它们混淆不清。现在只要记住了口诀，就可避免at，on，in的种种误用。 1. on，in，at表示时间 on“在具体某一天” “当某时”，动名词， arrival，death前； 用in一般“上”“下”“晚”； on用于天，in用于月、季、年； 限定三时in要变。 at是个时间点， “工作”“时刻”与“圣诞”。 at noon（night），in the day， 习惯用语记心间。 注：on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。

31、例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母亲节，我们应该送花给我们的母亲。 On my arrival home，I found he had gone already当我到家时，我发现他已经走了。 当early，late用于句首修饰介词短语时，尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用in 。 例 Early in the morning of National Day，I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo 国庆节一清早，我便起

32、床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车。 My father begins work at 8：00 in the morning and stops work at 4：00 in the afternoon 我父亲上午8点上班，下午4点下班。 于将来时态表示“过一段时间后” 及表示“在期间” 和“在某个季节，某年、某月” 都用in。 例 I hear hell be back in a month我听说他将于一个月后回来。 In the course of the last lesson in French，little Franz was listening to the master very

33、 attentively在那最后一堂法语课中，小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲。 Xiao Ming was born in December of 2004. 小明生于2004年12月。 当 morning，afternoon，evening有前位定语或后置定语限定时，就不用in而用on。 例 on a hot (summer) noon 在一个炎热（夏天）的中午 on Monday Morning 在星期一上午 on the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午 表示某时某刻及在work，Christmas前用at。 例 We get up at eight oclock 我

34、们8点起床。 My father are busily at work all day 我父亲整天忙于工作。 In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas 在西方国家，孩子们在圣诞节得到父亲给的礼物。 2. on，in，at表示地点 on“在之上”接触面，“靠近、接壤、左右边”； in“在里面”和“中间”； at表示小地点， “入口、车站、电影院”； home出现定语、冠， 须用in把at换； “夜间、车辆”若有限， 及“在途中”on在前。 注： 在表示地点时，指“在之上（与表面接触）” “靠

35、近、接壤”及“在左右边”都用on。 例 There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk那张大写字台上有一本英汉词典和两本语法书。 Korea lies on the northeast of China 朝鲜位于中国东北方。 Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday 我们昨天看电影时，汤姆坐在我左边。 表示“在里面”（即物体内部），“在中间”（即middle前）都用in。 例 Jim turned the key i

36、n the lock and opened the door 吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里，转动一下，打开了门。 Soon they were in the middle of the river 很快他们就游到了河中间。 1.I was always told that the three Ps,were a sure path_ success. (广州二模)2"Don't be always particular _ your present work and income. (惠州一模)3. It began to make sense to me that I could

37、include praise along _ constructive criticism. （深二模）4. He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _his personal taste. (梅州一模)5. Five were in critical condition_ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the center's chief operating officer. (梅州二模)6There is

38、no easy way to success language learning.Keys: 1. to 2. about 3. with 4. to 5. with 6. in 7. ninth六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until 1. Many things must be considered s

39、uch as the person is interested in and how old he is. （广州一模）2.My face turned red on hearing _ my mother said. (惠州一模)3. she would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. （深圳罗湖）4The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says children really need for health

40、development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考)5. I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模）6. children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.7. Statistics show that China carried out the opening - up policy, a total o

41、f one million students have gone abroad for study. （茂名二模）8 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模）9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _ the danger lies.Keys: 1. what 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. when 6. Unless 7. si

42、nce 8. If 9. where B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so 挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。 1 I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered I finally found the solution. （广州二模）2 I asked my classmates about her interest I made my final decision. （广州一模）3.Tom, an 8yearold

43、boy, entered a hotel coffee shop sat at a table.（深一模）4. It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework, with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home. （深圳罗湖）Keys: 1. until 2. and 3. and 4. but七、情态动词

44、主要考查的知识点：情态动词的基本含义和用法；情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词 + have+ v ed”结构等。重点复习： may might，can could 表 示 可 能。 must can could may might（have done）表示对过去发生事情的推测。should ought to + have + done表示对过去的责备。would rather + have done以及 had better + have done表示后悔。will shall表示请求，许可。could might should have done表示虚拟语气。【例16】Summer Hol

45、iday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday？I havent decided yet. I go home，but it depends on the weather.A. must B. need C. may D. will【答案】C 【解析】本题考查情态动词表示可能性的用法。must表示非常肯定的语气，need不用于肯定，will表示“意愿”，而 may表示把握不大的一种可能性，后面常跟 but分句。故答案为 C。八、形容词/副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：形容词和副词

46、均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ p

47、articularly等。 【例9】What do you think of the film we saw last night？I feel _ that the film is well worth seeing once again？A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard【答案】B 【解析】that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断 feel在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that.“我坚信”。故答案为 B。 1. One of the (bad) gift choices I ever made was fo

48、r my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模） 2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _ one, at the top of which（深二模）3. Many other actors are _ _ (badly)off than me at present,(惠州一模)4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% than the

49、 year before. （茂名二模）Keys: 1. worst 2. next/other 3. worse 4. more九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。 1This, , didnt bother me because maths had always b

50、een my strongest subject. (广州二模)2. Dont always scold and give lots of praise . （深圳罗湖）Keys: 1. however 2. instead十、词形变化或者词性变化给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. (fo

51、rtunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit (patience). （深一模）4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （深一模）5. I dont know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to _ (soft) the b

52、low, but it work. （深二模）6. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模)7. you have done well and made great achievement in the _ (entertain) field. (惠一模)8. These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）9. to check her (recent) inserted (插入) pa

53、cemaker. （汕头二模）10The tornadoes damaged several_(new) built buildings,(梅州二模)11Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative(四校联考)12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （东莞

54、一模）Keys: 1. appreciation 2. Fortunately 3. impatient 4. rudely 5. soften 6. misunderstand 7. entertainment 8. contributions 9. recently 10. newly 11.beneficial 12.exciting十一、特殊句型（或固定短语） 考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 1.It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.2. was only aft