七级英语语法体系教学讲义(完整版)

1、岳Y制作语法基础题（提高版本）第一章 代词（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词）第二章 数词（数次的分类、基数词和序数词的构成、用法）第三章 冠词（定冠词，不定冠词的用法）第四章 形容词与副词第五章 介词与连词第六章 情态动词的区别与用法第七章 时态（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时）第八章 时态（现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时）第九章 被动语态第十章 句子（否定句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句），句型变化练习第十一章 反意疑问句第一章 代词基础：In General:In Detail:(1) 人称代词 人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格：He (主语) is

2、a great writer.They all like him（宾语）very much. she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等：China loves her people. 在并列的主语中，I 总放在最后：Xiao Yu and I are good friends.(2) 物主代词 形容词型的物主代词只能作定语，如：my brother. 名词型的物主代词有充当名词的作用：Whose dictionary is this? - Its mine.Ours is a big family.You may use my pen. Ill use hers.(3) 反身代词I cant

3、 express (表达) myself in English.That poor boy was myself.重要补充： 为了强调语气，表示“亲自”。如：He says hell do it himself. 反身代词常和某些动词连用，如： I hope youll enjoy yourselves. 希望你们玩得开心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 请吃点鱼。(4) 指示代词Is this the bus we want?Those apples are mine.重要补充：对于前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that（或those）表示，而汉语常用“

4、这”表示。We have no time to do it. That is our trouble. 我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。提高：(五) 不定代词Some:1. 可用在“请求、建议、反问”等含义的疑问句中，以期待得到对方肯定的回答。Would you want some coffee?Didnt he give you some books? 难道他没有给你一些书？2. 可修饰单数可数名词，表示“某个”。There must be some reason for what hes done. 他干这些事，肯定有某种原因。3. 可修饰数词，表示“大约”。It took me s

5、ome twenty days to get there. 我大约花了20天才到达那里。Other与another1、 Other具有代词和形容词性质，即可指人，也可指物。Other表示“另外的，其他的”， the other表示两者中的另一个; the others表示“在一个范围内的其他全部”，others用于泛指，表示“其余的人或物。”2、 another具有代词性质，即可指人也可指物，表示“泛指的另一个，而不是两者中的另一个。”Few与 a few, little与a littleFew, a few用来代替或修饰可数名词。Few表示否定意义，译为“没几个”， a few表示肯定意义，

6、译为“一些，几个。”little与a little用来代替或修饰不可数名词。Little表示否定意义，a little表示肯定意义。None 和 neither 的区别：None 表示“在三个或三个以上当中，没有人或物”，而neither指“在两个当中，没有人或物”。None of the students has ever read the book.Neither of my parents has ever read the book.复合不定代词复合不定代词由some, any, no, every加上-boby, -thing, -one构成。somebody某人anybody任何人

7、someone某人anyone任何人something某物anything任何事物nobody没人everybody每人no one没人everyone每人nothing没东西everything一切特殊用法：1、表请求、建议，或希望得到对方肯定的答复。Would you like something to drink?2、在肯定句中，其强调作用，表示“无论什么事（人）、任何事（人）Anybody will tell you the way.3、复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词必须放在它的后面。There is something wrong with the radio.There is

8、 nothing interesting in this story.代词拓展题1、There are two new cars in front of the company. One is mine, and is the managersA. other B. another C. the other D. other 2、Youd better invite to our English party. A. them all B. both them C. all them D. them of all3、-Would you like a bag of rice? -Yes, I h

9、ave rice at home.A. some B. little C. a little D. a few 4、This maths problem is so difficult that only students can work it out. A. a few B. few C. a little D.little5、The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai. A. this B. it C. that D. one6、That scientist was too busy to work in his

10、 lab. He had time to do the research(研究) work. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little7、There is snow this winter. A. many B. much C. more D. a few8、Im not busy. I havent to do. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything9、My parents and I are interested in music. A. both B. all C. neither D. no

11、10、 has taken my pencil by mistake. I cant find it. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Nobody11、Yingze Street is straight, long and wide with tall buildings on sides of it. A. both B. all C. each D. every12、 of the shoes in the shop were the right size for me. They were either too big or too sma

12、ll. A. Both B. Neither C. None D. Either13、-Did they find in the garden? -No, they found there. A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody 14、Would you please call me up later they fly to Beijing. A. that B. if C. whether D. what15、There is water in my glass

13、. Will you please give me .A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D. little; any16、Lucy is coming to my house this evening. Ill give her to eat.A. anything delicious B. delicious anythingC. delicious something D. something delicious 17、There is on Channel 6. Please try to find it.A. important some

14、thing B. something important C. important anything D. anything important18、Children enjoyed in the park yesterday.A. himself B. yourself C. itself D. themselves19、-Ive forgotten to bring my bread. Never mind, you can have . A. some of us B. us some C. some of ours D. some of yours 20、He met Kate on

15、way home yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. my 第二章 数 词基数词1One20twenty101one hundred and one2two21Twenty-one123one hundred and twenty-one3three30thirty1000one thousand4four40forty1001one thousand and one5five50fifty1023one thousand and twenty-three6six60sixty2235two thousand, two hundred and thirty-fi

16、ve7seven70seventy8eight80eighty10000ten thousand9nine90ninety1百万one million10ten100One hundred1千万ten million注hundred, thousand, million 前面有数词修饰时，用单数形式。hundreds of, thousands of 表示概数数词与其他词构成复合形容词，其中，名词要用单数形式：a two-year-old bo序数词第1第10第20第90第100以上1st first20th twentieth30th thirtieth40th fortieth50th f

17、iftieth60th sixtieth70th seventieth80th eightieth90th ninetieth100th hundredth1000th thousandth1,000,000th millionth2nd second3rd third4th fourth5th fifth6th sixth7th seventh8th eighth9th ninth10th tenth提高：1、分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：1/5( one fifth), 2/3(two thirds), 1/2 (a half), 1/4(a quar

18、ter)2、算式的读法A + B = C A plus B is C. / A and B is C.A B = C A minus B is C. / B from A is C.A×B = C A times B is C.A÷B=C A divided by B is C.3、章节、页码的读法第一章：the first chapter; Chapter one第二节：the second section; Section two第三课：the third lesson; Lesson three第234页：page two three four第2345页：page

19、two three four five ( twenty-three forty-five)1、 年代、日期、时刻-公元1995年：nineteen ninety-five A.D.-二十世纪九十年代：1990s/ nineteen nineties-5月10日: May 10th / May tenth-Hundred, thousand, million前面有具体数字，要用单数形式，但如果他们后见面有of，那它们-要用复数形式，同时，前面不能再加具体数字。如：two hundred, hundreds of-时刻通常用基数来读：8:10 eight ten = ten past eight

20、 9:30 nine thirty = half past nine拓展题1、The little boy wrote a letter to his uncle.A. two-thousand-words B. two-thousand-word C. two-thousands-words D. two-thousands-word2、Today we are going to learn the lesson.A. twenty B. 20 C. twentieth D. twentieths 3、 my grandma worked as a teacher.A. On the 199

21、0s B. In the 1990s C. At the 1990s D. In 1990s 4、In our class of the students boys. A. three fifth; are B. three fifths; are C. three fifth; is D. three fifths; is5、Two days is not enough for me to finish the work. I need day.A. other B. the other C. the third D. a third6、The computer was cheap. I s

22、pent only two yuan on it.A. thousands B. thousand C. thousands of D. thousand of7、What class are you in? -Im in A. Grade 9 B. Class 9 C. Group 9 D. No. 98、 books must be produced for the children.A. Many thousands B. Many thousands of C. Many thousand of D. Many thousand9、How deep is the hole? It is

23、 .A. ten metre deep B. ten metres deep C. ten-metre deep D. ten-metres-deep10、December is month of the year.A. the twelfth B. the twelvethC. twelve D. a twelfth第三章 冠 词归纳定冠词的用法1、 Look at the blackboard, please. 2、 the sun, the moon, the earth 3、 I find a pencil in the box. The pencil is Lucys. 4、 The

24、 old, the young, the poor. 5、 Play the flute, play the piano, play the violin 6、 In the morning, the day after tomorrow 7、 The Thames, the Pacific 8、 The Smiths 不定冠词a/an-泛指，修饰单数可数名词1、He gave my sister useful book yesterday.2、Where is Lucy? -Shes having rest over there.3、-Have you seen pen? I left it

25、 here this morning. - Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.析以元音因素开头的名词前用an，在辅音因素开头的名词前用a,如：an honest boy, an 8-year-old girl, an hour,提高：这些场合不用冠词2、 China, Class one,某些专有名词的前；3、 Have lunch, play football,在三餐和球类运动名称前不用冠词；4、 In winter, in June, on Monday,季节、日期、星期、节日和学科的名称前；5、 名词前面已有作定语用的this, th

26、ese, that, those, my, their, some, many 等词The ball is in my room.拓展题：用（a, an, the, /(不填)）把句子补充完整。1、Look! There is park in the centre of city. 2、A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers second.3、There is “h” in the word hour.4、-Who is girl reading under the tree?5、Can you see one-eyed cow in fiel

27、d?6、This is empty bottle. Could you give me full one?7、Mr. Smith always gives me hand when I am in trouble.8、What great help hes given us!9、 sun rises in east and sets in west.10、They often listen to radio in evening. 第四章 形容词、副词（一）形容词与副词辨析1、 Alone与lonelyAlone 与lonely意思相近，前者表示“独自一人”的状态，而后者表示“孤单、寂寞”的情

28、绪。 alone作形容词时，只作表语But the children are not alone.He will be alone from now on. alone也可作副词，修饰动词She was sitting in the bed alone when we went to see her. lonely一般只用作形容词So we never feel lonely.He is a very lonely traveler.2、too, also与either这三个词作副词用时，都含有“也”的意思，但用法不一样。 Too与also只能用于肯定句中.Im in Class 1, too

29、.Chinese take-way food is also popular. either只能用于否定句中，一般放在句尾。 We dont like the same colours, either.3、so与such so是副词，译为“如此”，修饰形容词，如：so delicious such是形容词，修饰名词。如：such a good boy4、instead 与instead of instead只能单独使用，常位于句首或句尾。 She is very tired, let me go instead. He never studies hard. Instead, he plays

30、 with water all day. instead of后面要跟名词、动词、代词或介词短语。 Shall we have fish instead of eggs today?5、sometimes, sometime与some time sometimes译为“有时，往往，不时地” Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we ar not.I sometimes have letters from him. sometime的意思是“某个时候，”可指将来，也可指过去。 Well take our holiday sometime in May. Som

31、e time 是指“一段时间”，可以是几分钟，几小时，几天或几年。 The fire went on for some time before it wan brought under control.拓展练习：一、用alone与lonely填空。1、He came because his brother was ill.2、With all his friends away from him, he feels very 3、I dont like going out after dark.用too, also与either填空。1、I have been to Paris, .2、I, ,

32、 know where he is to be found.3、My dog is thirsty. Is your dog thirty?4、 , some students came to see Mr. Smith that afternoon.5、I dont sing that song, .二、单项选择1、-What do you think of the bridge? I have never seen before. A. so a long one B. so long one C. such a long one D. a such long one2、Im not su

33、re if Im going to Tims party; I may go to the concert . A. only B. instead C. early D. late3、She has . A. a time B. a enough time C. enough time D. many time4、You dont like the same colours and I dont like them, . A. too B. also C. either D. neither5、None of the students watched it . A. careful enou

34、gh B. enough carefully C. carefully enough D. enough careful6、There must be in the tea. It tastes good. A. anything sweet B. something sweet C. sweet something D. everything something7、He eats food, so he is fat. A. much too; too much B. much too; too many C. too much; much too D. too much; many too

35、8、Mary wont go and Peter wont go . A. too B. also C. either D. neither 9、Will you come again next week? A. sometime B. sometimes C. some time10、If you have no time, Ill go you.A. instead B. instead of（二）原级、比较级、最高级一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：small sm

36、aller smallest short shorter shortest tall taller tallest great greater greatest（2）双音节如：clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：large larger largest nice nicer nicest able abler ablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：big bigger bigges

37、t hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easy easier easiest heavy heavier heaviest busy busier busiest happy happier happiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautiful more beautiful most beautiful different more different most different easily more ea

38、sily most easily4有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterthe bestbad, ill, badlyworsethe worstmany, muchmorethe mostlittlelessthe leastfarfarther (further)the farthest (furtherst)二、形容词、副词的同级、比较级和最高级的用法1、同级比较 两者程度相同as + 原级 + asMike is as tall as Bill. 两者程度不同 not as ( so) + 原级 + as He does

39、nt drive as/ so carefully as his father.2、比较级“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 提高： 在比较级前面使用much/far，表示程度程度“强得多”。在比较级前面使用a little/a bit表示程度程度“强一点点”如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and mor

40、e +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是T

41、om?. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。提高：要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is larger, Ca

42、nada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 3、最高级：要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。the + 高级 + of / in 短语，of后接可数名词复数或等all代词.如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。She is the youngest of the girls. 她是女

43、孩中最年轻的。He is one of the fattest boys in his class他是他班上最胖男孩之一。5. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class提高：序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。The Sahara is the biggest desert in

44、 the world. He studies hardest in our class.形容词的最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不用定冠词。Jim is my best friend.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。 It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem. 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对）Tom is the tallest of the thre

45、e brothers拓展练习（一）写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式Long wide _ _ fat Heavy slow few Brightly badly far Quickly happy unhappy (二) 用所给词的正确形式填空1. Which is (difficult), physics or biology? 2. Gold(黄金) is (little) useful than iron(铁).3. In summer, its (hot) in Wuhan than in Shanghai.4. Johns parents have four daughter

46、s, and she is the (young) child.5. The (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones6. Which book is (interesting), English book, Chinese book or the story-book? 7. Shanghai is (large) city in China.8. Dick sings (well), she sings (well) than John, but Mary sings (well) in her class.9. She will be

47、much (happy) in her mew house.10. This dress is that.(twice, asas, expensive)（三）单项选择1. Of the two toys, the child chose .A. the expensive one B. one most expensiveC. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them2. Jane is _ than Betty.    A. less taller      

48、0;   B. less tallest C. less tall           D. not as tall 3. China is _ country in the world.    A. the third largest  B. the largest third C. the third large    D. a third largest 4. -Which is season in Beijing? -I think it's autumn.A. good    B. better    C. best    D. the best5- Which is_ , the sun, the moon or the earth? - Of course, the moon is.A.